2021 in paleobotany
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This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2021.
Ferns and fern allies[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Neregato et al. | A member of Calamitales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | De Benedetti et al. | A species of Azolla. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Spores of a member of the genus Ceratopteris. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Burmese amber | A fern belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Genus includes new species C. burmanica. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Tian, Wang & Jiang | A fern, a species of Claytosmunda. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pigg et al. | Early Eocene | A fern, a species of Dennstaedtia. |  | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Marattiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sun et al. | Early Permian | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pigg et al. | Early Eocene | Klondike Mountain Formation | A fern, a species of Hymenophyllum. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Correia, Šimůnek & Sá | Douro Basin | A member of Equisetales. Genus includes new species I. wegeneri. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | A member of the family Marsileaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Pšenička et al. | Permian (Asselian) | Taiyuan Formation | A zygopterid fern. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kustatscher, Mazaheri-Johari & Roghi in Mazaheri-Johari et al. | A member of the family Equisetaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Pšenička, Sakala & Dašková | Early Miocene | A species of Odontosoria. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Votočková Frojdová et al. | Early Permian | A leptosporangiate fern. Genus includes new species O. zhongxiangii. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Wang & Sun in Wang et al. | Miocene | Fotan Group | A fern, a species of Osmunda. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gnaedinger & Zavattieri | A member of the family Dipteridaceae. Genus includes new species P. artabeae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Zhou et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Lomariopsidaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the genus Cyathea. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Guo et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | He et al. | Late Permian | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Huang et al. | Late Devonian | |||||
| Sphenophyllum parvifolium[21] | Sp. nov | In press | Libertín et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Machado et al. | Fertile remains of a fern comparable with Thelypteridaceae and Dryopteridaceae. Genus includes new species T. helgae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Zhang et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A tree fern, a species of Thyrsopteris. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Naugolnykh & Song in Song et al. | Middle Eocene | Changchang Formation | A fern, a species of Woodwardia. |
Bennettitales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Blomenkemper & Abu Hamad in Blomenkemper et al. | A member of Bennettitales. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Bäumer, Backer & Wang in Blomenkemper et al. | Permian (Cisuralian) | Upper Shihhotse Formation | A member of Bennettitales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Bomfleur & Kerp in Blomenkemper et al. | Permian (Changhsingian) | Umm Irna Formation | A member of Bennettitales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Guzmán-Madrid & Velasco de León | ||||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Lozano-Carmona et al. | A member of Bennettitales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Lozano-Carmona & Velasco-de León | Middle Jurassic |
Cycadales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | A member of Cycadales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Spiekermann et al. | A cycad-like plant. Genus includes new species I. australis. |
Ginkgoales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Tang et al. | Xishanyao Formation | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Andruchow-Colombo et al. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Afonin & Gromyko | A member of Ginkgoales described on the basis of fossil wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Nosova, Crane & Shi | Prisayan Formation |
Vladimariales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Nosova, Kostina & Bugdaeva | ||||||
| Pseudotorellia irkutensis[36] | Sp. nov | In press | Nosova | A Vladimariales foliage species | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Nosova | Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) | Prisayan Formation | A Vladimariales reproducive structure species |
Conifers[edit]
Araucariaceae[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Del Fueyo et al. | An Araucariaceae fossil wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Dos Santos et al. | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | Crato Formation | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Batista et al. | A species of Araucaria. |
Cheirolepidiaceae[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Yang & Li | ||||||
| Brachyoxylon patagonicum[41] | Sp. nov | In press | Rombola et al. | Fossil wood of a member of the family Cheirolepidiaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Kvaček & Mendes | Almargem Formation | A member of the family Cheirolepidiaceae. |
Cupressaceae[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | De Wit & Bamford | Fossil wood of a member or a relative of the family Cupressaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wu & Jin in Wu et al. | A species of Fokienia. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Atkinson et al. | A member of the family Cupressaceae belonging to the subfamily Cunninghamioideae. Genus includes new species N. japonicum. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Atkinson et al. | Late Cretaceous | A member of the family Cupressaceae belonging to the subfamily Cunninghamioideae. Genus includes new species O. hokkaidoensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Nhamutole, Bamford & Araújo | Permian (late Capitanian) | K5 Formation | A member of the family Cupressaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Nhamutole & Bamford in Nhamutole, Bamford & Araújo | Permian (late Capitanian) | K5 Formation | A member of the family Cupressaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | Genus includes new species T. schneiderianum. |
Pinaceae[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | A member of the family Pinaceae. Genus includes new species L. mellonae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Ding et al. | Late Miocene | A species of Nothotsuga | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | A Picea relative wood. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Zhang et al. | Early Oligocene | A pine. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Grote in Grote & Srisuk | Oligocene-early Miocene | A pine. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Early Miocene | A pine. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Matsunaga et al. | Huolinhe Formation | A member or a close relative of the family Pinaceae. |
Podocarpaceae[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Wu et al. | Early Pliocene | A species of Podocarpus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Vallejos Leiz, Crisafulli & Gnaedinger | Hilario Formation | A member of the family Podocarpaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Gou & Feng in Gou et al. | A conifer of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly belonging or related to the family Podocarpaceae. |
Other conifers[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gomankov | A member of Pinales belonging to the family Sashiniaceae. Genus includes new species C. demetrii. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wan et al. | A coniferous trunk. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Dong et al. | A species of Taxus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Forte, Kustatscher & Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert | A member of Voltziales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Xie & Gee in Xie et al. | Fossil wood of a conifer. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wan et al. | A silicified trunk with coniferous affinities. Genus includes new species Z. liaoi. |
Flowering plants[edit]
Basal angiosperms[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | A replacement name for Thiebaudia Chandler (1954). |
Unplaced non-eudicots[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sender et al. | A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species A. eklundiae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sender et al. | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Escucha Formation | A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species T. elongatum. |
Magnoliids[edit]
Canellales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. nov | Valid | Freitas & Doweld | Oligocene | An Aristolochia species; a replacement name for Aristolochia triangularis MacGinitie (1937). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | A member of the family Lauraceae. | |||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Winterscheid in Winterscheid & Kvaček | Oligocene | A species of Laurus; a replacement name for Laurus obovata Weber (1852). | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Cevallos-Ferriz, Catharina & Kneller | Rosario Formation | A member of the family Lauraceae. Genus includes new species R. bajacaliforniensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Brea et al. | Early Eocene | A member of the family Winteraceae. |
Monocots[edit]
Alismatid monocots[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Stockey, Hoffman & Rothwell | A member of the family Araceae. Genus includes new species B. speirsiae. |
Lilioid monocots[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cretaceous | A member of the family Liliaceae. Genus includes new species M. burmitis. |
Commelinid monocots[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. | |||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | A member of the family Arecaceae; a replacement name for Friedemannia Collinson, Manchester & Wilde (2012). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Cyperaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Soreng | Grass belonging to the subfamily Arundinoideae. Genus includes new species E. balticus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | A member of the family Zingiberaceae. Genus includes new species O. patanense. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Song, Su, Do & Zhou in Song et al. | Dong Ho Formation | A member of the family Arecaceae belonging to the subfamily Coryphoideae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. |
Commelinid monocot research[edit]
- A study on the evolutionary history of palms throughout the Cenozoic era, aiming to determine the impact of Cenozoic environmental changes on the diversification and biogeography of palms, is published by Lim et al. (2021).[75]
- Pollens of member of the family Poaceae preserving the same morphological characteristics as that of modern cereal grains are described from a sedimentary core from Lake Acıgöl (Turkey) by Andrieu-Ponel et al. (2021), who interpret this finding as indicative of the presence of proto-cereals in Anatolia since 2.3 million years ago, likely evolving from wild Poaceae as a result of trampling, nitrogen enrichment of soils and browsing by large mammal herds, and evaluate possible benefits from the availability of these proto-cereals for early hominins.[76]
Basal eudicots[edit]
Proteales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Maslova, Kodrul & Kachkina | A member of the family Platanaceae. Genus includes new species P. kyzyljarica. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Proteaceae. |
Superasterids[edit]
Campanulid euasterids[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | A species of Pittosporum; a replacement name for Pittosporum elegans (Ettingshausen) W.R.B. Oliver (1950). | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Doweld | A new genus for "Pittosporum" beringianum Chelebaeva & Akhmetiev (1983). |
Lamiid euasterids[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Shukla et al. | Early Eocene | Cambay Shale Formation | A species of Adina. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Macoubea. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Franco, Brea & Cerdeño | Miocene (Santacrucian) | Mariño Formation | A species of Dolichandra. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Oleaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Mathewes, Archibald & Lundgren | Early Eocene | A species of Fraxinus. | ||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Deshmukh | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) - early Eocene | A member of the family Acanthaceae; a replacement name for Acanthophyllum Ramteke & Kapgate (2014). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Vitex. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Convolvulaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Singh et al. | Early Eocene | Cambay amber | A member of the family Apocynaceae. Genus includes new species M. succinifera. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Merremia. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Apocynaceae. |
Non euasterids[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Morley, Huang & Hoorn in Huang et al. | Middle and late Eocene | Yaw Formation | Pollen probably derived from plants belonging to the genus Ptychopetalum. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Xie et al. | Late Miocene | A species of Camptotheca. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Denk & Bouchal | A species of Diospyros. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kvaček | Early Miocene | Most Basin | A species of Halesia. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Struthanthus. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hably & Erdei | Miocene (Burdigalian) | Possibly a member of the family Theaceae. Genus includes new species M. gordonioides. | ||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Friis, Crane | A Primulaceae genus. Genus includes new species M. elegans and M. kvacekii. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Xu & Jin in Xu et al. | Late Oligocene | A tupelo. | ||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Paleocene | A member of the family Nyssaceae; a replacement name for Browniea Manchester & Hickey (2007). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Amaranthaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Striegler | Miocene (Tortonian) | Rauno Formation | A member of the family Theaceae. |
Superrosids[edit]
Fabids[edit]
Fabales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | A species of Albizia. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | A species of Albizia. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Miocene | Fotan Group | A species of Cercis. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Jia et al. | A species of Cladrastis. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Pérez-Lara, Estrada-Ruiz & Castañeda-Posadas | Fossil wood of a member of the family Fabaceae. Genus includes new species E. triserial. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Baez | Miocene | Tambería Formation | A member of Leguminosae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Pérez-Lara, Estrada-Ruiz & Castañeda-Posadas | Eocene | El Bosque Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Fabaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Fabaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li & Manchester in Li et al. | Early Eocene | A member of the family Fabaceae. | ||||
| Leguminocarpum olmensis[98] | Sp. nov | Valid | Centeno-González et al. | A member of the family Fabaceae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | A member of the family Fabaceae. Genus includes new species N. indica. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | A species of Ormosia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | A species of Peltophorum. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Mimosa. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Chambers | A member of the family Fabaceae belonging to the tribe Detarieae. Genus includes new species S. hispaniolanum. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Macrolobium. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Swartzia. |
Fagales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | A member of the family Betulaceae. | |||
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Fagus species wood. | |||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Lithocarpoxylon species wood. | |||||
| Comb nov | valid | (Wheeler, Scott, & Barghoorn) Wheeler & Manchester | Middle Eocene | Moved from Myrica absarokensis (1978) | ||||
| Comb nov | valid | (Kruse) Wheeler, Baas, & Manchester | Middle Eocene | Moved from Myrica scalariformis (1954) | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wilde, Frankenhäuser & Lenz | A catkin-like male inflorescence, probably of myricaceous affinity. Genus includes new species M. eckfeldensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | A member of the family Betulaceae. | |||
| Comb nov | Valid | (Heer) | A Coryloideae species. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester & Correa | A Coryloideae species. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Correa & Manchester | Fort Union Formation | A Coryloideae species. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | A member of the family Juglandaceae. | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Paleocene | A member of the family Betulaceae; a replacement name for Cantia Stopes (1915). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Fagaceae. |
Fagalean research[edit]
- A study on wood anatomy in extant and fossil members of Fagales is published by Wheeler, Baas & Manchester who transfer two Eocene species from Myrica to Morella.[104]
Malpighiales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | In press | Reback et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | A member of the family Euphorbiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hermsen | A species of Passiflora. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Passifloraceae. Genus includes new species P. pseudoperculatus. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Salicaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Salicaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Mascagnia. |
Oxalidales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Poinar, Chambers & Vega | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A possible member of Cunoniaceae. |
Rosales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | A flowering plant with possible affinities with urticalean rosids; a replacement name for Scottoxylon Wheeler & Manchester (2002). | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Celtis species wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Patel, Rana & Khan in Patel et al. | Early Eocene | A species of Morus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Rosaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Celtis. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Striegler | Miocene (Tortonian) | Rauno Formation | A species of Pyracantha. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Ulmaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Del Rio et al. | Middle Eocene | A species of Ventilago. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Ulmaceae. |
Malvids[edit]
Malvales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Malvaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Wang & Xie in Wang et al. | Late Miocene | A species of Craigia | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Miocene | A species of Dipterocarpus | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Huang, Morley & Hoorn in Huang et al. | Late Eocene | Pollen probably derived from plants belonging to the genus Brownlowia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Thymelaeaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Jia & Nam in Jia et al. | Middle Miocene | A species of Tilia | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Wataria species wood. |
Myrtales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, possibly of a member of the family Lythraceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Estrada-Ruiz & Martínez-Cabrera in Estrada-Ruiz, Martínez-Cabrera & García-Hernández | Possibly a member of the family Myrtaceae. Genus includes new species L. aldamense. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Vieira et al. | A species of Lythrum. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | A species of Syzygium. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bamford & Pickford | Probably late Eocene | A member of the family Combretaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Aung et al. | Late Pliocene | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, possibly of a member of the family Lythraceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Carvalho et al. | A member of the family Melastomataceae. Genus includes new species X. simonae. |
Sapindales[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Sapindaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jud et al. | Early Miocene | A member of the family Sapindaceae belonging to the subfamily Sapindoideae and the tribe Paullinieae. Genus includes new species A. heteroxylon. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rodríguez-Reyes, Estrada-Ruiz & Terrazas in Rodríguez-Reyes et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | A species of Anacardium. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Soomro et al. | Miocene | Fossil wood of a member of the family Rutaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Liu, Xu & Jin in Liu et al. | Late Oligocene | A species of Melia. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Pistacia species wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Sapindaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bamford & Pickford | Probably late Eocene | Mazamba Formation | A member of the family Anacardiaceae. Genus includes new species S. gorongosense. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the genus Serjania. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Huang et al. | Late Oligocene | A species of Tetradium. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Pollen of a member of the family Simaroubaceae. |
Non eurosid superrosids[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | A Hamamelidoxylon species wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Huang et al. | Miocene | A species of Liquidambar. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | A member of the family Altingiaceae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kajita & Nishida in Kajita, Suzuki & Nishida | A member of Saxifragales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species O. kokubunii. | |||||
| Gen. nov | Valid | Lai et al. | A member of Altingiaceae. Genus includes P. ovum-dinosauri and P. polyodonta. |
Other angiosperms[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Golovneva & Volynets in Golovneva et al. | Galenki Formation | A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pessoa, Ribeiro & Jud | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | A herbaceous eudicot similar to some members of Ranunculales. Genus includes new species B. pinnatissecta. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang | Possibly a fruit of an early flowering plant. Genus includes new species D. mexicana. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sonkusare, Samant & Mohabey | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | Pollen of a flowering plant of uncertain affinity. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Cui et al. | Middle-Late Jurassic | A possible flower bud. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Du in Du et al. | A eudicot of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species G. saligna. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Ladakhipollenites? endoporatus[4] | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Ladakhipollenites? sphaericus[4] | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Hernández | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Pollen of a flowering plant; a replacement name for Clavatricolpites Hoeken-Klinkenberg (1964). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. |
Other plants[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Durieux et al. | A member of Cladoxylopsida. Genus includes new species A. praecox. | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Kraft & Kvaček | Požáry Formation | A member of the family Drepanophycaceae; a replacement name for Baragwanathia brevifolia Kraft & Kvaček (2017). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Lycopodiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the genus Selaginella. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the genus Phaeoceros. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ivanov & Belkinova | Miocene (Serravallian) | A green alga, a species of Closterium. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Harris et al. | A member of Lycopsida. | |||||
| Colpodexylon pullumpedes[140] | Sp. nov | In press | Harris et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | Witpoort Formation | A member of Lycopsida. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Cordaitalean cuticles. | |||
| Cordaabaxicutis papillosus[141] | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Cordaitalean cuticles. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Cordaitalean cuticles. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bippus, Rothwell & Stockey | Late Cretaceous | A moss belonging to the family Rhabdoweisiaceae, a species of Cynodontium. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | A seed-bearing structure of gnetalean affinity. Genus includes new species D. tetragona. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Barattolo, Romano & Conrad | Late Triassic and possibly Early Jurassic | A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales and the family Bornetelleae. Genus includes "Heteroporella" micropora Di Stefano & Senowbari-Daryan (1985), "Heteroporella" macropora Di Stefano, 1981 ex Di Stefano & Senowbari-Daryan (1985), "Chinianella" zanklii Ott (1967), "Chinianella" crosii Ott (1968) and "Heteroporella" carpatica Bystrický (1967). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | A member of the family Zosterophyllaceae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Barattolo, Bucur & Marian | A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales. Genus includes new species D. transylvanica, as well as "Zittelina" hispanica Masse, Arias & Vilas (1993), "Zittelina" massei Bucur, Granier & Săsăran (2010) and "Triploporella" matesina Barattolo (1980). | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species E. itshoba. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Famennian) | A fern-like plant of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species F. lococannensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the genus Anthoceros. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Liu et al. | Late Devonian | A member of Protolepidodendrales. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Late Devonian | A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species G. dongzhiensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Na & Sun in Na et al. | Middle Jurassic | A member of Czekanowskiales. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Toledo et al. | An early euphyllophyte belonging to the group Radiatopses. Genus includes new species K. bivena. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Lochkovian?) | Baviaanskloof Formation | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species K. parvapila. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | A liverwort, a species of Lejeunea. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Meyer-Berthaud, Decombeix & Blanchard | A lycopsid. Genus includes new species L. edieae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Spores of a member of the family Lycopodiaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | In press | Bai et al. | A member of Rhacophytales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | De Sosa Tomas et al. | A member of Charophyta. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Sanjuan et al. | A member of Charophyta. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Chernomorets & Sakala | Whisky Bay Formation | A homoxylous wood of uncertain systematic affinities. Genus includes new species M. australe. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Lochkovian?) | Baviaanskloof Formation | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species M. kougaensis. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bonacorsi et al. | A lycophyte. Genus includes new species O. dawsonii. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martín-Closas et al. | A member of Charophyta belonging to the family Characeae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Permian (Asselian) | A progymnosperm belonging to the group Noeggerathiales and the family Tingiostachyaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Foraponova & Karasev | Permian | A pteridosperm. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Feldberg et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A liverwort, a species of Radula. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Oukassou & Naugolnykh | Late Devonian | A member of Lycopodiophyta of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. michardis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Han & Yan in Han et al. | Nanying'er Formation | A liverwort. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | McSweeney, Shimeta & Buckeridge | Yea Formation | An early land plant of uncertain affinities. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Friis, Crane & Pedersen | A plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly close to cycads. Genus includes new species S. galtieri. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | A liverwort belonging to the family Lejeuneaceae. | |||
| Velascoa[169] | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Flores Barragan, Velasco de León & Ortega Chavez | Fossil leaves of a plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, with a morphology similar to Ginkgophyta. Genus includes new species V. pueblensis. The generic name is preoccupied by Velascoa Calderón & Rzedowski (1997). | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Vachard, Bucur & Munnecke | A green alga belonging to the group Bryopsidales. Genus includes new species V. gotlandica. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Gossmann et al. | Early Devonian | A zosterophyll. |
Palynology[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | A spore of lycopodialean affinity. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Erlansonisporites exquisitus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Erlansonisporites perbellus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Erlansonisporites textilis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Hernández | Paleogene | A gymnosperm pollen; a replacement name for Psilamonocolpites Mathur (1966). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Horstisporites denticulatus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Horstisporites subtilis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Horstisporites tarimensis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Hughesisporites unicus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | A spore of dicksoniaceous affinity. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | Genus includes new species L. laevigata. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Minerisporites triangularis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Narkisporites densibaculatus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Narkisporites densiconicus[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Narkisporites tarimensis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ghosh et al. | A megaspore. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | |||
| Gen. et 4 sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | Genus includes new species S. capillaris, S. gracilis, S. rarus and S. solidus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | Genus includes new species T. auriculata and T. perfecta. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Tricristatispora yingmailensis[172] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. |
Palynological research[edit]
- Strother & Foster (2021) describe an assemblage of fossil spores from the Ordovician (Tremadocian) of Australia, representing a morphology that was intermediate morphology between confirmed land plant spores and earlier forms of uncertain phylogenetic placement, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the evolution of land plants from their algal ancestors.[175]
- A study on the fossil pollen record from New Zealand, dating from 100 million years ago to the present, is published by Prebble et al. (2021), who report evidence indicating that Cretaceous diversification was closely followed by an increase in flowering plants frequency, but their maximum frequency did not occur until the Eocene.[176]
- A study on changes of abundance in spores and pollen record from the Danish Basin, and on their implications for the knowledge of the impact of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event on land plants, is published by Lindström (2021).[177]
- A study on the vegetation history in the southwestern Balkans, as indicated by pollen from the sedimentary record in the Lake Ohrid extending to 1.36 million years ago, is published by Donders et al. (2021).[178]
Research[edit]
- A study on changes of the morphological complexity of reproductive structures of land plants throughout their evolutionary history, based on data from fossil and extant land plants, is published by Leslie, Simpson & Mander (2021).[179]
- Revision of Silurian (Wenlock to Přídolí) assemblages of polysporangiophytes with dispersed spores and cryptospores, aiming to determine the relationship between Silurian plant evolution and climate changes linked with perturbations of the global carbon cycle, is published by Pšenička et al. (2021).[180]
- Reconstruction of the structure and development of the rooting system of Asteroxylon mackiei is presented by Hetherington et al. (2021).[181]
- A study on factors influencing the extent of arboreal vegetation during the Late Paleozoic icehouse is published by Matthaeus et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that Pangaea could have supported widespread arboreal plant growth and forest cover based on leaf water constraints, but the forest extent was restricted because of impact of freezing on plants, and estimate that contracting forest cover increased net global surface runoff by up to 6.1%.[182]
- Description of the reproductive organs of the lycopsids from the Upper Devonian Wutong Formation (China), and a study on the ability of the sporophyll units for wind dispersal, is published by Zhou et al. (2021), who name new form species Lepidophylloides longshanensis and Lepidophylloides changxingensis.[183]
- An exceptionally well preserved Brasilodendron-like lycopsid forest containing over 150 upright stumps is described from an early Permian postglacial landscape of western Gondwana (Paraná Basin, Brazil) by Mottin et al. (2021).[184]
- A study on the anatomy of Stigmaria asiatica is published by Chen et al. (2021).[185]
- Stump casts of Sigillaria, preserving traces of internal anatomy, are described from the earliest Permian Wuda Tuff (China) by D'Antonio et al. (2021).[186]
- A study aiming to determine probable causes of the world-wide proliferation of members of Isoetales, particularly Pleuromeia, during and in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and evaluating the implications of this proliferation for the knowledge of environmental stresses during and in the aftermath of this extinction event, is published by Looy, van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & Duijnstee (2021).[187]
- New fossil material of Saportaea salisburioides, providing new information on leaf morphology and growth of this plant, is described from the Permian Umm Irna Formation (Jordan) by Kerp et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that Saportaea grandifolia and Baiera virginiana were synonyms of S. salisburioides, and possibly indicating that the fructification belonging to the genus Nystroemia is a part of Saportaea.[188]
- Description of Geinitzia reichenbachii from its gross morphology to the cellular scale, and a study on the likely ecology of this conifer, is published by Moreau et al. (2021).[189]
- A study on the evolutionary history of the family Cycadaceae, based on genomic data and fossil record, is published by Liu et al. (2021).[190]
- Well-preserved recurved cupules of seed plants are described from the Lower Cretaceous of China by Shi et al. (2021), who interpret the structure of these cupules as consistent with the recurved form and development of the second integument in the bitegmic anatropous ovules of flowering plants, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the origin of the flowering plants.[191]
- Taxonomically diverse flora from the Seafood Salad locality, found ~65 m below the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in the Hell Creek Formation (Montana, United States), is described by Wilson, Wilson Mantilla & Strӧmberg (2021), who study the affinities of plants of this locality and compare them with other Late Cretaceous floras of the Western Interior.[192]
- A study on the timing of the origin of the flowering plants, based on data from fossil record and from the diversity of extant members of this group, is published by Silvestro et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that several flowering plant families originated in the Jurassic.[193]
- A study on the diversity of insect damage types in fossil plants from the Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) Dakota Formation (United States), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the early evolution of angiosperm florivory and associated pollination, is published by Xiao et al. (2021).[194]
- New fossil material of Callianthus dilae is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) by Wang et al. (2021), who reconstruct the whole plant of Callianthus, interpreting it as an aquatic flowering plant.[195]
- A study on the anatomy of the epidermal features of the floating leaves of Quereuxia angulata from the Upper Cretaceous Yong'ancun Formation (China) is published by Liang et al. (2021).[196]
- A study on plant extinction and ecological change in tropical forests resulting from the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, based on data from fossil pollen and leaves from Colombia, is published by Carvalho et al. (2021), who report evidence indicative of a long interval of low plant diversity in the Neotropics after the end-Cretaceous extinction, and the emergence of forests with a structure resembling modern Neotropical rainforests, with a closed canopy and multistratal structure dominated by flowering plants, during the Paleocene.[197]
- A study on the impact of the mid-Eocene greenhouse warming event on floras from southernmost South America is published by Fernández et al. (2021).[198]
- Evidence from middle Eocene-middle Miocene tuffaceous deposits of central and northern Patagonia, indicating that soils, vegetation, insects and mammal herbivores began to record diverse traits related to the presence of grasslands with mosaic vegetation since middle Eocene, is presented by Bellosi et al. (2021).[199]
- A study on Middle Miocene microfloral assemblages from ten localities in the Madrid Basin (Spain), providing evidence of prevalence of open habitats with grass-dominated, savannah-like vegetation under a warm and semi-arid climatic regime in the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Miocene, is published by Casas-Gallego et al. (2021).[200]
- Crump et al. (2021) present a record of vegetation from the Last Interglacial based on ancient DNA from lake sediment from the Baffin Island (Canada), and report evidence of major ecosystem changes in the Arctic in response to warmth, including a ~400 km northward range shift of dwarf birch relative to today.[201]
Deaths[edit]
- Alan Graham (1934–2021), passed away on 8 July 2021. Graham earned his PhD in 1962 under the guidance of Chester A. Arnold, and was noted for a career studying the Cenozoic paleobotany of the Caribbean and Central America. [202]
References[edit]
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