2024 in paleobotany
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This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2024, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2024.
Algae
[edit]Charophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Pérez-Cano & Martín-Closas | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | Els Mangraners Formation | A member of the family Clavatoraceae. |
Chlorophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bucur et al. | Triassic | A species of Acicularia. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Ernst, Vachard & Rodríguez | Devonian (Pragian) | A probable member of Dasycladales. The type species is B. hispanica. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bucur, Del Piero & Martini | Late Triassic (Norian) | A member of Dasycladales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Grgasović | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | A member of Dasycladales belonging to the family Triploporellaceae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Krings | Devonian | A probable member of Chlorophyta. The type species is H. verecunda. | ||||||
| Nom. nov | Pu | Silurian (Llandovery) | Waukesha Lagerstätte | A dasycladalean alga; a replacement name for Heterocladus LoDuca, Kluessendorf & Mikulic (2003). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bucur et al. | Triassic | A member of Dasycladales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Grgasović | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | A member of Dasycladales belonging to the family Dasycladaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bucur et al. | Triassic | A member of Dasycladales. |
Ochrophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ediacaran | A possible brown alga. The type species is H. yuxiensis. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Siver | Eocene | A species of Mallomonas. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Siver | Eocene | A species of Mallomonas. |
Rhodophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Hamad | Pliocene | Shagra Formation | A species of Amphiroa. |
Other algae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Krings | Devonian | Windyfield chert | A probable unicellular alga. Genus includes new species C. amoenum. | ||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Li et al. | Ediacaran and Cambrian | A macroalga known from the Ediacaran Miaohe biota and from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota. The type species is Y. typica; genus also includes Y. elegans. |
Phycological research
[edit]- Evidence from genomic data, interpreted as indicating that the brown algae originated during the Ordovician but their major diversification happened during the Mesozoic, is presented by Choi et al. (2024).[14]
- Kiel et al. (2024) report the discovery of kelp holdfasts from the Oligocene strata in Washington State (United States), providing evidence of the presence of kelp in the northeastern Pacific Ocean since the earliest Oligocene.[15]
- Putative dasycladalean alga Voronocladus dryganti from the Silurian of Ukraine is argued by LoDuca (2024) to be a member of Bryopsidales; the author also reinterprets purported graptolite-like epibionts of V. dryganti, originally described as the new taxon Podoliagraptus algaeoides, as actually representing the uppermost siphons of mature thalli of V. dryganti.[16]
- A diverse charophyte flora, including fossil material of Echinochara cf. peckii representing the oldest record of the family Clavatoraceae reported to date, is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) marginal marine beds of southern France by Trabelsi, Sames & Martín-Closas (2024).[17]
Non-vascular plants
[edit]Bryophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Walker et al. | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Antarctica | A moss belonging to the family Rhabdoweisiaceae. The type species is J. plicata. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Ignatov in Ignatov et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | A moss belonging to the group Protosphagnales. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Valois et al. | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | A moss belonging to the family Tricostaceae. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025. |
Marchantiophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Juárez-Martínez & Estrada-Ruiz in Juárez-Martínez, Córdova-Tabares & Estrada-Ruiz | Miocene | Mexican amber | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov, Atwood & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al. | Eocene | A liverwort, a species of Jubula. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Schäfer-Verwimp, Mamontov, Feldberg & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort, a species of Lejeunea. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort, a species of Leptoscyphus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al. | Eocene | A liverwort, a species of Radula. |
Non-vascular plant research
[edit]- Ignatov et al. (2024) describe new fossil material of the Permian moss Gomankovia from the Aristovo locality (Vologda Oblast, Russia), providing new information on its anatomy.[27]
Lycophytes
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Asghar et al. | Permian | A member of Lepidodendrales belonging to the family Sigillariaceae. Genus includes new species B. prolificus. | ||||||
| Heliodendron[29] | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Qin et al. | Devonian | Wutong Formation | A member of Isoetales belonging to the group Dichostrobiles. The type species is H. longshanense. The generic name is preoccupied by Heliodendron Gill.K.Br. & Bayly (2022). | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Pšenička, Bek & Nelson | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Cariglino, Zavattieri & Lara | Triassic | A member of the family Selaginellaceae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Gensel et al. | Devonian (Emsian) | A zosterophyll. Genus includes new species S. semiglobosa. |
Lycophyte research
[edit]- Revision of the original material of Bumbudendron is published by Coturel (2024).[33]
- Evidence of silica biomineralization in Permian spikemosses from the Xuanwei Formation (Yunnan, China) is presented by Feng et al. (2024).[34]
Ferns and fern allies
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Correia et al. | Carboniferous (Gzhelian) | Monsarros Formation | A member of the family Psaroniaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Chen & Yan in Chen et al. | Oligocene | Shangganchaigou Formation | A species of Adiantum. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rößler et al. | Permian | A calamitalean. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Goodlet) | Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) | Limestone Coal Formation | A member of the family Tedeleaceae; moved from "Megaphyton" chalmersii Goodlet (1957). | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Correia & Sá | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Vale da Mó Formation | A member of Sphenophyllales. Genus includes new species B. zeliapereirae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Guo, Zhou & Feng in Guo et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Xuanwei Formation | A marattialean fern. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Li & Moran in Guo et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A member of the family Cystodiaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Procopio Rodríguez, Bodnar & Beltrán | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | Cortaderita Formation | A member of the family Equisetaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Guo, Zhou & Feng in Guo et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Xuanwei Formation | A filicalean fern. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | D'Antonio et al. | Carboniferous | A member of Sphenophyllales. Genus includes new species H. kostorhysii. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Meyer-Berthaud et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | A member of Cladoxylopsida. Genus includes new species J. modica. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Kuipers, van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & Wagner-Cremer | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | A member of Equisetales. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kundu, Hazra & Khan in Kundu et al. | Miocene | A member of the family Polypodiaceae. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Chu & Tomescu in Chu, Durieux & Tomescu | Devonian (Emsian) | A member of Cladoxylopsida. Genus includes new species P. kespekianum. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Regalado & Schmidt in Regalado et al. | Miocene | Dominican amber | A species of Pecluma. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Sun et al. | Permian | Taiyuan Formation | A marattialean fern. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Liu et al. | Cretaceous | Songliao Basin |
Pteridological research
[edit]- Yang et al. (2024) revise fossil material of Bowmanites described by Halle (1927)[52] from Permian Shihottse Formation (China).[53]
- Wang et al. (2024) report the discovery of a fossil forest of Neocalamites plants from the Middle Triassic Yanchang Formation (China), and interpret this finding as evidence of wide-scale intensification of the water cycle during the Triassic prior to the Carnian pluvial episode.[54]
- Wu et al. (2024) reconstruct fronds of Pecopteris lativenosa on the basis of fossils from the Permian Wuda Tuff flora (China).[55]
- Jia et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Cladophlebis kwangyuanensis from the Xujiahe Formation (Chongqing, China), expanding known geographical range of the species, and interpret the studied specimens as living in warm, humid subtropical-tropical monsoon climate during the Late Triassic.[56]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of fossil members of Osmundales is published by Urrea, Yañez & Flores (2024).[57]
- Evidence from the study of an almost monospecific assemblage of fossils of Ruffordia goeppertii from the Albian strata from the Los Majuelos fossil site (Teruel, Spain), indicative of colonization of disturbed deltaic floodplains by the studied ferns, is presented by Sender et al. (2024).[58]
- The classification of Microlepia burmasia from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar as a dennstaedtiaceous fern belonging to the genus Microlepia is contested by Zhang (2024).[59]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Cyatheales, and on the biogeography of the group throughout its evolutionary history, is published by Ramírez-Barahona (2024).[60]
- Machado et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Pteridium sp. cf. P. esculentum from the Miocene Ñirihuau Formation (Argentina) representing the oldest and southernmost record of Pteridium from South America reported to date.[61]
- Evidence from the study of extant and fossil fern (including a tetrahedral apical cell in the leaf meristem of Ankyropteris corrugata), interpreted as indicating that fiddleheads are a synapomorphy of marattioid and leptosporangiate ferns and that fern leaves evolved from shoots, is presented by Cruz & Hetherington (2024).[62]
Bennettitales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bazhenova & Bazhenov | Middle Jurassic | ||||||
| Comb. nov | (Wieland) | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Rosario Formation | A member of Bennettitales. Moved from Williamsonia huitzilopochtli Wieland. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Velasco de León et al. | Early-Middle Jurassic | Cualac Formation | A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
Conifers
[edit]Araucariaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Slodownik | Eocene | A species of Araucaria. |
Cheirolepidiaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Mendes et al. | Early Cretaceous | Figueira da Foz Formation | ||||||
| Classostrobus minutus[68] | Sp. nov | Pfeiler, Matsunaga & Atkinson | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Kvaček, Mendes & Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert | Early Cretaceous | Figueira da Foz Formation |
Cupressaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sokolova et al. | Paleocene | A conifer with affinities with the family Cupressaceae. The type species is A. pilosum. Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Jiang & Yamada in Jiang et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Heitaro-zawa Formation | A species of Cunninghamia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Vanner et al. | Cretaceous |
Pinaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Hao, Jiang, Tian & Wang in Hao et al. | Early Cretaceous | Zhifengzhuang Formation | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rothwell & Stockey | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | The type species is O. elongatus. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Oligocene to Pliocene | Cottbus Formation | The type species is "Pseudotsuga" jechorekiae Czaja (2000). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Zhu, Li, Wang & Zouros in Zhu et al. | Miocene | Sigri Pyroclastic Formation | A species of Pseudotsuga. | |||||
| Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | A species of Tsuga. |
Podocarpaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Slodownik | Eocene | A species of Podocarpus. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Vanner et al. | Cretaceous | Tupuangi Formation |
Taxaceae
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Li & Du in Li et al. | Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian) | Jiuquan Basin | A species of Torreya. |
Voltziales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | Permian |
Other conifers
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Conceição et al. | Early Cretaceous | A member of Pinidae of uncertain affinities. The type species is C. placidoi. The name is preoccupied by Cratoxylon Blume. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Frolov & Mashchuk | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Prisayan Formation | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Batista & Kunzmann in Batista et al. | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | Crato Formation | A member of Cupressales of uncertain affinities. The type species is "Brachyphyllum" castilhoi Duarte (1985). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | A conifer cone. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Shi et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Sunjiagou Formation | A conifer wood. The type species is S. zhangziensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | A conifer cone. |
Conifer research
[edit]- Forte et al. (2024) study the morphology, cuticular patterns and isotope geochemistry of Permian (Lopingian) conifer fossils from the Bletterbach plant fossil assemblage (Italy), reporting evidence of a unique geochemical composition of fossils of Majonica alpina (possibly related to adaptation to specific environmental conditions), as well as evidence of isotopic differences between leaves and axes of the studied conifers.[85]
- Decombeix, Hiller & Bomfleur (2024) describe a dwarf conifer tree from the Middle Triassic strata in Antarctica preserving evidence suppressed growth likely caused by stressful local site conditions in spite of overall favorable regional climate, representing the first finding of a tree with such suppressed growth in the fossil record reported to date.[86]
- De Brito, Fischer & Prestianni (2024) redescribe Pinus belgica and confirm that it had diagnostic characteristics of the genus Pinus.[87]
- Xie, Gee & Griebeler (2024) use growth models based on the height–diameter relationships of extant araucarians to determine heights of araucariaceous logs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Utah, United States).[88]
- Xie et al. (2024) interpret Xenoxylon as a likely relative of extant members of Podocarpaceae.[89]
- Evidence of preservation of fragments of embryo, megagametophyte and nucellus (with nuclei preserved in their cells) in seeds of Alapaja cf. uralensis from the Cretaceous Simonovo Formation (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia) is presented by Torshilova et al. (2024), who also report two cases of preservation of aldehyde groups of deoxyribose in the studied fossil material.[90]
- George et al. (2024) report the presence of fossil material of two juniper species (Juniperus californica and Juniperus scopulorum) in La Brea Tar Pits (California, United States), expanding known past range of J. scopulorum.[91]
Gnetophyta
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Jin in Jin et al. | Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian) | Laiyang Formation | A member of the family Ephedraceae. The type species is L. compacta. |
Flowering plants
[edit]Chloranthoids
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Figueira da Foz Formation | A chloranthoid flowering plant. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Potomac Group | A chloranthoid flowering plant. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Vale de Água clay pit complex | A chloranthoid flowering plant. |
Magnoliids
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Zhang, Su & Oskolski in Zhang et al. | Miocene | Dajie Formation | A species of Cryptocarya. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Meyer & Manchester) | Eocene and Oligocene | A member of Lauraceae; moved from Cinnamomophyllum knowltonii Meyer & Manchester (1997). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Zhu, Manchester & Lott | Miocene | Fort Preston Formation | A species of Illigera. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Pujana et al. | Eocene | A member of Lauraceae. | ||||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Brown) | Eocene | A member of Lauraceae; moved from Umbellularia eocenica Brown (1940). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kunzmann et al. | Eocene | A species of Magnolia. Published online in 2024; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2025. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Mai) | Oligocene to Miocene | A species of Magnolia; moved from Manglietia germanica Mai (1971). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz | Late Cretaceous | A member of Laurales. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Singh et al. | Miocene | Middle Siwalik Group | A species of Polyalthia. |
Magnoliid research
[edit]- The first fossil record of a flower of a member of the genus Cryptocarya is reported from the Miocene Zhangpu amber (China) by Beurel et al. (2024).[101]
Monocots
[edit]Arecales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kumar & Khan | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | A member of the tribe Cryosophileae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Kumar, Roy & Khan in Kumar et al. | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae and the subfamily Calamoideae. | |||||
| Palmoxylon coryphaoides[104] | Sp. nov | Valid | Ali, Roy & Khan in Ali et al. | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Greenwood & Conran | Cenozoic | |||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Mahato & Khan | Miocene | Chunabati Formation | Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023. | ||||
| Sabalites striatipetiolaphyllum[107] | Sp. nov | Gao & Su in Gao et al. | Paleocene | Liuqu Formation | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Kumar, Su & Khan in Kumar et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-Paleocene (Danian) | A member of the family Arecaceae. The type species is S. acanthorachis. |
Dioscoreales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera & Manchester | Eocene | Green River Formation | A species of Dioscorea. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera & Manchester | Eocene | Green River Formation | A species of Dioscorea. |
Liliales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Unger) | Miocene | A species of Smilax; moved from "Ilex" sphenophylla Unger (1847). |
Poales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Miocene | Spremberg Formation | A species of Sparganium. |
Monocot research
[edit]- A study on the phytolith morphology of palms and on the utility of phytoliths for reconstructions of environment of fossils palms is published by Brightly et al. (2024), who find that phytoliths do not reliably differentiate most palm taxa, though they might be useful to determine the presence of more distinct (and possibly environmentally informative) members of the group in the fossil record.[111]
- Fossil material of palms resembling members of the extant tribe Cocoseae is described from the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds (Madhya Pradesh, India) by Kumar, Manchester & Khan (2024), who interpret cocosoid palms as dominant among the arecoid palms of the Deccan Intertrappean beds in Madhya Pradesh.[112]
- A study on the affinities of elongated fossil fruits of members of the genus Carex, providing evidence of the continued presence of Carex sect. Cyperoideae in the Old World since the Miocene, is published by Martinetto et al. (2024).[113]
Basal eudicots
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kovar-Eder | Miocene | A species of Berberis. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | Miocene | A species of Clematis; moved from "Elaeodendron" oligoneure Ettingshausen (1869). | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Axsmith et al. | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | A member of the family Ranunculaceae. The type species is C. alabamensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Kumar, Manchester & Khan | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | A member of the family Menispermaceae. | ||||||
| Palaeosinomenium oisensis[116] | Sp. nov | Valid | Kara et al. | Paleocene | A member of the family Menispermaceae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
| Comb. nov | (Berry) Nares, Huegele, Manchester | Eocene | Aycross Formation | Negundo fremontensis (1930) | A sycamore relative | ||||
| Comb. nov | (Brown) Nares, Huegele, Manchester | Late Cretaceous | A sycamore relative | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Latchaw & Manchester | Miocene | Succor Creek Formation | A member of Proteales belonging to the family Sabiaceae. |
- Patel et al. (2024) describe fossil reproductive organ of a member of the genus Nelumbo from the Palana Formation (India), and interpret this finding as indicative of the existence of a freshwater ecosystem in the Rajasthan Basin during the early Eocene.[119]
- Danika et al. (2024) describe leaf fossils of Platanus academiae from the Miocene to Pleistocene strata in Greece, trace the presence of morphological traits characteristic of the Pacific North American–European clade of members of the genus Platanus (including Platanus orientalis, Platanus racemosa and Platanus wrightii) in the fossil record of North American and Eurasian Platanus, and argue that modern distribution of members of the Pacific North American–European clade is more likely the result of migration from through Beringia into Asia than the result of a migration through North Atlantic.[120]
Superasterids
[edit]Aquifoliales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Rasmussen & Johansen in Rasmussen et al. | Eocene | Baltic amber | A holly. |
Boraginales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Bhatia, Srivastava & Mehrotra | Miocene | Tipam Sandstone | Fossil wood of a member of the genus Cordia. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. |
Caryophyllales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Ali, Manchester & Khan in Ali et al. | Eocene | Palana Formation | A species of Ancistrocladus. |
Cornales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Nguyen & Atkinson | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | A member of Cornales not assignable to any extant family. Genus includes new species F. washingtonensis. |
Dipsacales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kovar-Eder | Miocene | A species of Sambucus. |
Ericales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Oligocene to Miocene | A member of the family Styracaceae. The type species is P. lusatica. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Manchester & Judd | Miocene | A probable Ebenaceae genus |  | ||||
| Sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Sapotaceae. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Xu & Jin in Xu et al. | Oligocene and Miocene | A species of Symplocos. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Xu & Jin in Xu et al. | Oligocene | Yongning Formation | A species of Symplocos. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | A member of the family Theaceae; moved from "Euonymus" diversifolius Ettingshausen (1888). | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | A member of the family Theaceae; moved from "Sorbus" egeriae Ettingshausen (1888). | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | A member of the family Theaceae; moved from "Elaeodendron" stiriacum Ettingshausen (1869). |
Gentianales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Akkemik & Mantzouka in Akkemik, Toprak & Mantzouka | Eocene | Çekerek Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ramos et al. | Pleistocene | El Palmar Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ramos et al. | Pleistocene | El Palmar Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae. |
Santalales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Huang, Liu & Wang | Eocene (Priabonian) | Baltic amber | A member of the family Schoepfiaceae. The type species is S. kaliningradensis. |
Superastrids Incertae sedis
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen et comb nov | in press | Manchester, Judd, Correa-Narvaez | Green River Formation | O. elongatum synonymy | A superastrid plant of possible caryophyllalean affinity. |
Superasterid research
[edit]- Manchester, Kapgate & Judd (2024) interpret caryophyllalean fruits Kuprianovaites deccanensis from the Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean Beds (India) as belonging to a member of the family Montiaceae.[134]
- Del Rio, Atkinson & Smith (2024) report the discovery of cherries of Cornus multilocularis from the Paleocene strata from the Berru site (France), expanding stratigraphic range of the species by approximately 4–6 million years and providing the first unambiguous evidence of the presence of cornelian cherries in Europe during the Paleocene.[135]
Superrosids
[edit]Celastrales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Conran, Bannister & Lee | Miocene | A member of the family Celastraceae. The type species is P. celastroides. |
Fabales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of Detarioideae. The type species is A. carballense. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Cao, Wu & Ding in Cao et al. | Pliocene | Mangbang Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | El-Noamani & Ziada | Miocene | Gebel El-Khashab Formation | A member of Detarioideae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Zhao, Huang & Su in Zhao et al. | Miocene | Lower Sanhaogou Formation | A species of Dalbergia. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of Papilionoideae. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Hernández-Damián, Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz | Miocene | La Quinta Formation | A member of the subfamily Detarioideae belonging to the tribe Detarieae. The type species is H. mirandae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Spagnuolo & Wilf in Spagnuolo et al. | Eocene | Tanjung Formation | A legume. Genus includes new species J. gunnellii. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Zhao, Jia & Su in Zhao et al. | Miocene | Sanhaogou Formation | A species of Mezoneuron. |
Fagales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | An alder; moved from "Tilia" milleri Ettingshausen (1869). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Iamandei & Iamandei in Iamandei et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Juglandaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Iamandei & Iamandei in Iamandei et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Juglandaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | A species of Juglans. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | Buchanan Lake Formation | A species of Juglans. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | Buchanan Lake Formation | A species of Juglans. | ||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Kirchheimer) | Miocene | A member of the family Myricaceae; moved from Myrica stoppii Kirchheimer (1942). | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Manchester & Judd | Eocene | A new genus for "Juncus" crassulus Cockerell (1908). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Song & Wang in Song et al. | Eocene | Niubao Formation | A species of Pterocarya. |
Malpighiales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Lou & Ding in Lou et al. | Pliocene | A species of Aspidopterys. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Mahato et al. | Neogene | A species of Calophyllum. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hazra, Manchester & Khan | Pliocene | A species of Dicella. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Stults, Hermsen & Starnes | Oligocene | A species of Passiflora. |
Malvales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Shukla, Chandra & Shukla | Late Paleocene to early Eocene | A species of Eriolaena. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Malvaceae. The type species is M. conacytea. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Siegert, Gandolfo & Wilf | Eocene | A member of Malvoideae. Genus includes new species U. karuen. |
Myrtales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | A species of Andesanthus. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | Masachapa Formation | Wood of a member of the family Myrtaceae. The type species is E. nicaraguense. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Patel, Almeida, Ali & Khan in Patel et al. | Eocene | Palana Formation | A member of the family Myrtaceae. The type species is H. eocenicus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Centeno-González, Alvarado-Cárdenas & Estrada-Ruiz | Miocene | Mexican amber | A species of Miconia. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Woodcock | Eocene | Fossil wood with affinities with the family Vochysiaceae. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Xiao in Xiao et al. | Miocene | Shengxian Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Franco, Martinez Martinez & Brea | Miocene | A member of the family Myrtaceae. |
Oxalidales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | A species of Sloanea; moved from "Artocarpidium" serratifolium Ettingshausen (1869). |
Rosales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Akkemik & Mantzouka in Akkemik, Toprak & Mantzouka | Eocene | Çekerek Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Agbamuche, Hamersma & Manchester | Oligocene | A rose. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fields, Agbamuche & Hamersma in Agbamuche, Hamersma & Manchester | Miocene | A rose. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik in Akkemik & Toprak | Miocene (Burdigalian-Serravallian) | Mut Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Rhamnaceae. |
Sapindales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma, Lozano-Gutiérrez & Orejuela in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | A species of Anacardium. | ||||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Wilf et al. | Eocene | A member of Anacardiaceae related to Dobinea; a new genus for "Celtis" ameghinoi. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mejia-Roldán, Rodríguez-Reyes & Estrada-Ruiz in Mejia-Roldán et al. | Eocene | Fossil wood of a member of the family Anacardiaceae. The type species is P. ductifera. |
Saxifragales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Xu, Zdravchev, Maslova & Jin in Xu et al. | Oligocene | Yongning Formation | A species of Liquidambar. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wu et al. | Miocene | Zhangpu amber | A species of Parrotia. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Wu et al. | Eocene | A member of the family Altingiaceae. Genus includes "Laurophyllum" fischkandelii Kunzmann & Walther (2002). |
Vitales
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Miocene | A species of Ampelocissus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Miocene | Cucaracha Formation | A species of Cissus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Eocene | A species of Leea. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Paleocene | A member of the family Vitaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Tosal, Vicente & Denk | Eocene to Oligocene | Montmaneu Formation | A species of Nekemias. | |||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (Ettingshausen) | Miocene | A species of Parthenocissus; moved from "Acer" rhombifolium Ettingshausen (1869). |
Superrosid research
[edit]- Lagrange, Martínez & Del Rio (2024) study the seed morphology of members of the tribe Paropsieae in the family Passifloraceae, and argue that, with exception of distinctive seeds of members of the genus Androsiphonia, fossil Paropsieae cannot be identified confidently based solely on seed characters.[168]
- Ali et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil material of a member of the genus Florissantia from the Eocene strata from the Gurha lignite mine (Rajasthan, India), extending known geographical range of members of this genus.[169]
Other angiosperms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Tilley | Paleocene (Danian) | Antarctica | Fossil wood of a flowering plant sharing traits with extant Aextoxicon punctatum. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Huang & Wang | Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) | Yixian Formation | An early flowering plant. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Jud et al. | Late Cretaceous | A dicot liana of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species C. multiporosa. | ||||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Heřmanová et al. | Late Cretaceous | A flowering plant with pollen of the Normapolles type. Genus includes "Walbeckia" aquisgranensis Knobloch & Mai (1986), "Microcarpolithes" guttaeformis Knobloch (1971), "Walbeckia" scutata Knobloch & Mai (1986) and "Walbeckia" fricii Knobloch & Mai (1986). | ||||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Beurel et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A flowering plant of uncertain affinities. Oskolski et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with an affinity to Rhamnaceae, possibly to an extinct basal lineage;[175] on the other hand Beurel et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with probable magnoliid affinities.[174] The type species is "Phylica" piloburmensis Shi et al. (2022). |
General Angiosperm research
[edit]- The reinterpretation of Endobeuthos paleosum as a member of the family Proteaceae proposed by Chambers & Poinar (2023) [176] is rejected by Lamont & Ladd (2024).[177]
- Hošek et al. (2024) report fossil evidence from the northernmost part of the Vienna Basin in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) indicative of survival of trees such as oak, linden and Fraxinus excelsior in the area during the Last Glacial Maximum, and interpret their survival as made possible by the existence of hot springs providing stable conditions for the long-term maintenance of refugia.[178]
Other plants
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Wang et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | Wutong Formation | A seed plant of uncertain affinities. The type species is A. tria. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hayes & Pearson | Carboniferous (Viséan) | Teilia Formation | A member of Lyginopteridales. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen, Zhang & Yang | Permian | A callipterid seed fern. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Durieux, Decombeix, Harper, Ramel & Prestianni in Durieux et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | A member of Archaeopteridales. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | Permian | A member of Peltaspermales. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | |||||||
| Cordaites roprachticensis[183] | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | ||||||
| Cordaites setlikii[183] | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Liu et al. | Devonian | Wutong Formation | An early seed plant. | |||||
| Cosmosperma lepta[184] | Sp. nov | Liu et al. | Devonian | Wutong Formation | An early seed plant. | ||||
| Comb. nov | (Halle) | Permian | Upper Shihezi Formation | A seed fern. Moved from Odontopteris orbicularis Halle (1927). | |||||
| Sp. nov | Sun & Deng in Sun et al. | Middle Triassic | Tongchuan Formation | A seed fern belonging to the family Umkomasiaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Wang et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | |||||||
| Comb. nov | (Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al.) | Late Triassic | Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities. Moved from Hydropterangium roesleri Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. (2017) | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Shi et al. | Late Triassic | Yangmeilong Formation | Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities, associated with pinnate leaves of Ptilozamites. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Zhou et al. | Permian (Asselian) | Taiyuan Formation | A taeniopterid plant. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Oh et al. | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Indeterminate Spermatopyte Wood, maybe related with Bennettitales or Cycadales | ||||||
| Comb. nov | Valid | (White) | Carboniferous | A member of Medullosales. Moved from Neuropteris lindahlii White (1903). | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Qin, He, Hilton & Wang in Qin et al. | Permian | Xuanwei Formation | A taeniopterid. The type species is P. taeniopteroides. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Xu & Zhao in Zhao et al. | Early Cretaceous | Guyang Formation | A gymnosperm wood. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Jiang & Wan in Jiang et al. | Permian | Upper Shihhotse Formation | Fossil trunk of a gymnosperm. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Nosova in Nosova, Fedyaevskiy & Lyubarova | Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian) | A gymnosperm belonging to the family Pseudotorelliaceae. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Gastaldo et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | A tree of uncertain affinities. The type species is S. densifolia. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Agnihotri, Srivastava & McLoughlin | Permian (Kungurian) | Barakar Formation | A member of Peltaspermales. The type species is S. furcatum. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Wang & Chen | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | A plant with conifer-like vegetative and reproductive morphologies, as well as a single seed partially wrapped by the subtending bract. The type species is S. intermedia. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Meyer-Berthaud et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | |||||||
| Gen. nov | Fu et al. | Middle Jurassic | Dabu Formation | A possible flowering plant. The type species is X. dabuensis, formerly named Williamsoniella dabuensis Zheng & Zhang (1990). |
Other plant research
[edit]- Drovandi et al. (2024) report the first discovery of an assemblage of basal tracheophytes from the Silurian (Přídolí) Rinconada Formation (Argentina), and interpret this finding as evidence of southward expansion of Silurian floras related to climate change from the cold conditions of the Ludfordian to the subsequent greenhouse conditions.[200]
- Purported bryophyte Tortilicaulis is reinterpreted as an early diverging tracheophyte by Morris et al. (2024).[201]
- Garza et al. (2024) determine Homerian–Gorstian maximum ages for fossils of Cooksonia from Borrisnoe Mountain (Ireland) and Capel Horeb (Wales, United Kingdom).[202]
- Gess & Berry (2024) describe fossil material of members of the genus Archaeopteris that were more than 20 m in height from the Waterloo Farm lagerstätte (South Africa), providing evidence of presence of true forests of Archaeopteris in high latitudes during the latest Devonian.[203]
- Redescription and a study on the affinities of Stauroxylon beckii is published by Durieux et al. (2024).[204]
- A study on the morphological diversity of cycad leaves throughout their evolutionary history, providing evidence of a dynamic history of diversification, is published by Coiro & Seyfullah (2024).[205]
- Zhang et al. (2024) compile a dataset of macroscopic and cuticular traits of fossils of members of the group Czekanowskiales from China, and use it to classify the studied fossils on the basis of quantitative analytical evidence.[206]
- Purported Triassic fossils of members of Glossopteridales from India are reinterpreted as Permian in age by Saxena, Cleal & Singh (2024).[207]
- Taxonomic revision of members of the genus Sagenopteris is published by Xu et al. (2024).[208]
- Crane et al. (2024) interpret Dordrechtites elongatus as a highly modified lateral branch of a seed cone, and report the presence of structural similarities between Dordrechtites and the cupules of members of Doyleales.[209]
- A study on the morphology and affinities of Furcula granulifer is published by Coiro et al. (2024), who interpret the studied plant as a likely relative of pteridosperms such as Scytophyllum and Vittaephyllum, and interpret F. granulifer as a plant that evolved its hierarchical vein system of leaves convergently with the flowering plants.[210]
- Possible caytonialean pteridosperm fossils are described from the Bajocian strata in the Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia) by Naugolnykh & Mitta (2024).[211]
- Sender et al. (2024) describe five types of gymnosperm leaves assigned to the genus Desmiophyllum from Cretaceous (ranging from Barremian to the Albian-Cenomanian transition) sites in Spain, including types resembling leaves of the genus Welwitschiophyllum assigned to the Gnetales, and a type with similarities to leaves of the conifer genus Dammarites.[212]
Palynology
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Cooling in McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | Spores of a member of Isoetopsida. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | |||||||
| Sp. nov | Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | A fern spore of uncertain affinities. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Cooling in McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | ||||||
| Converrucosisporites pricei[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Gubberamunda Sandstone | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | Spores of a fern. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic | Spores with uncertain (possibly lycopodialean) affinity. The type species is "Lycopodiacidites" frankonense Achilles (1981). | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic and Early Cretaceous | Hutton Sandstone | Spores of a member of the family Sphagnaceae. The type species is D. biannuliverrucatus; genus also includes "Stereisporites (Dicyclosporis)" verrucyclus Schulz in Döring et al (1966) and "Distalanulisporites" verrucosus Pocock (1970). | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, probably of a member of the family Pontederiaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | ||||||
| Dictyotosporites obscurus[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Mooga Sandstone | |||||
| Dictyotosporites sandrana[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil spores. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. The type species is F. foveolatus. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. The type species is H. chitaleyae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Paleocene (Danian) | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. The type species is I. perforatus. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | Probably spores of a bryophyte. | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, probably of a member of the family Bromeliaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen of a member of the family Loranthaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | Possible algal spores. | |||||
| Maculatasporites fionabethiana[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Possible algal spores. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||||
| Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A fern spore of uncertain affinities. | |||||
| Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A lycophyte spore. | |||||
| Neoraistrickia parvibacula[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
| Neoraistrickia rugobacula[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
| Nom. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Triassic | Probably spores of a hornwort; a replacement name for Simeonospora khlonovae Balme (1970). | ||||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, probably of a member of the family Malpighiaceae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | ||||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | ||||||
| Retitriletes neofacetus[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
| Retitriletes proxiradiatus[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
| Retitriletes siobhaniae[213] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Gubberamunda Sandstone | |||||
| Retitriletes thomsonii[213] | Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Spores of a fern. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Junior homonym | Thakre et al. | Paleocene (Danian) | Amarwara Formation | Possible pollen grains of a member of the family Typhaceae/Sparganiaceae. The name is preoccupied by Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus De Benedetti (2023); furthermore, DeBenedetti et al. (2025) considered the species to be synonymous with the Maastrichtian species Sparganiaceaepollenites intertrappeansis.[217] | ||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleocene (Danian) | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of uncertain affinity. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Silva-Caminha & Jaramillo | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Fossil pollen, probably of a member of the family Cabombaceae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Mendes et al. | Eocene-Oligocene | Kwanza Basin | Genus includes new species S. angolensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A salvinialean spore. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Mandla Formation | Pollen grains of a possible member of the family Ericaceae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Spores of a member of the family Marattiaceae. |
Palynological research
[edit]- Strother & Taylor (2024) review the early spore fossil record.[219]
- Evidence of the presence of robust spore walls sharing similarities with those seen in embryophytes, but probably not produced in a sporangium, is reported in spores from the Cambrian strata in Tennessee by Taylor & Strother (2024).[220]
- A study on spore assemblages from Devonian paleosols in Voronezh and adjacent regions (Russia), interpreted as indicative of late Eifelian?–early Givetian age, is published by Wang, Alekseeva & Xu (2024).[221]
- Mamontov, McLean & Gavrilova (2024) study the ultrastructure of Maiaspora concava and M. panopta, providing evidence of similarities with extant Gleicheniales, and interpret the origin of the Gleicheniales stem as related to closure of the Rheic Ocean in the Paleozoic.[222]
- El Atfy et al. (2024) review the fossil record of the spore genus Vestispora from the Carboniferous of Gondwana, and describe new fossil material of members of five species belonging to this genus from the Moscovian-Gzhelian Dhiffah Formation (Egypt).[223]
- A study on the palynoflora from the Permian Emakwezini Formation (South Africa) is published by Balarino et al. (2024), who interpret the studied fossils as providing evidence of the presence of complex forests during the Guadalupian, with plant diversity greater than indicated by the macrofloral record.[224]
- Nhamutole et al. (2024) describe late Permian and Early Triassic palynological assemblages from the Maniamba Basin (Mozambique).[225]
- A study on the earliest Triassic palynoflora from the Bulgo Sandstone (Australia), providing evidence of the presence of dense vegetation in riparian habitat less than 1 million years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published by Vajda & Kear (2024).[226]
- A study on the fossil record of Early Triassic palynomorphs from the Vikinghøgda Formation (Svalbard, Norway), providing evidence of a shift from lycophyte-dominated to a gymnosperm-dominated vegetation related to the onset of a cooling episode, is published by Leu et al. (2024).[227]
- A study on the age of the Santa Clara Abajo and the Santa Clara Arriba formations and their palynomorph assemblages, previously inferred to be Carnian-Norian in age, is published by Benavente et al. (2024), who determine an upper Anisian age for both formations, and interpret their findings as indicating that the taxonomic composition of Triassic Gondwanan palynomorph assemblages correlates more strongly with latitude than with geologic age.[228]
- Description of the late Carnian to early Norian palynological assemblages from the Mungaroo Formation (Australia) is published by Scibiorski (2024).[229]
- The interpretation of Cycadopites and Ricciisporites proposed by Vajda et al. (2023), who considered them to represent, respectively, normal and aberrant pollen produced by the same plant with Lepidopteris ottonis foliage and Antevsia zeilleri pollen sacs,[230] is contested by Zavialova (2024);[231] Vajda et al. (2024) subsequently reaffirm that Antevsia zeilleri produced Cycadopites and Ricciisporites pollen.[232]
- Evidence from pollen and spores from the Jiyuan Basin (China), interpreted as indicative of a relationship between two peaks of wildfires of different types and changes in plant communities during the Triassic-Jurassic transition, is presented by Zhang et al. (2024).[233]
- Evidence of high abundances of malformed fern spores from the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany) during the Triassic–Jurassic transition, interpreted as indicative of persistence of volcanic-induced mercury pollution after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is presented by Bos et al. (2024).[234]
- Rodrigues et al. (2024) study the palynological assemblages from the Kwanza Basin (Angola) ranging from the late Albian to the Turonian, reporting the presence of pollen indicative of subtropical to tropical climate and dinocysts with higher latitude affinities, and interpret these findings as indicative of existence of an open connection between the Central Atlantic and South Atlantic oceans in the mid-Cretaceous.[235]
- El Atfy et al. (2024) study the palynoflora dominated by Afropollis jardinus from the Cenomanian Bahariya Formation (Egypt), and interpret plants producing A. jardinus as likely parts of tropical, aquatic or mangrove-like vegetation.[236]
- Description of the palynological assemblages from the Arlington Archosaur Site (Woodbine Group; Texas, United States), interpreted as indicative of tropical to subtropical climatic conditions during the Cenomanian, is published by Lorente, Noto & Flaig (2024).[237]
- Evidence from the study of spores and pollen from the maritime Oyster Bay Formation (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada), interpreted as indicative of the presence of refugia permitting greater stability of terrestrial plant communities during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition than in continental regions, is presented by Patel et al. (2024) .[238]
- Evidence from fossil pollen assigned to the form genus Classopollis, interpreted as indicative of existence of a refugium of members of the family Cheirolepidiaceae, is reported from the Paleocene Lower Wilcox Group (Texas, United States) by Smith et al. (2024).[239]
- Grímsson et al. (2024) report the discovery of fossil pollen of members of the genus Hyaenanche from the Eocene Kipini Formation (Kenya), representing the earliest record of the genus from Africa.[240]
- A study on changes of morphology of grass pollen from South America since the Early Miocene and on its probable drivers is published by Wei et al. (2024).[241]
- Evidence from fossil pollen interpreted as indicative of existence of ecological corridors linking Andean, Atlantic and Amazonian regions of South America during the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in establishment of complex connectivity patterns between plants from the studied parts of South America, is presented by Pinaya et al. (2024).[242]
- Evidence from the study of pollen and microcharcoal data, indicative of decline in cold- and moist-affinity vegetation and spread of seasonal tropical vegetation in northern Amazonia during the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 18,000 to 14,800 years ago, is presented by Akabane et al. (2024).[243]
General Research
[edit]- A study addressing and evaluating the uncertainty of plant fossil phylogenetics is published by Coiro (2024).[244]
- Review of functional traits in the plant fossil record is published by McElwain et al. (2024).[245]
- Evidence from the study of extant and fossil plants, interpreted as indicating that leaf mass per area distributions in fossil plants cannot accurately reconstruct the biome or climate of an individual site, is presented by Butrim, Lowe & Currano (2024).[246]
- Evidence of the existence of two plant dispersal routes in the Devonian, connecting the South China and Euramerica–Siberia realms, is presented by Liu et al. (2024).[247]
- Davies, McMahon & Berry (2024) describe plant fossils from the Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation (Somerset and Devon, United Kingdom), interpreted as remains of cladoxylopsid-dominated forest and possibly the oldest global evidence for the spacing of growing trees.[248]
- Stacey et al. (2024) report possible evidence that Devonian and early Carboniferous oceanic oxygenation was related to the evolution of large vascular plants and the first forests.[249]
- Evidence of changes of composition and diversity of the flora from the Carboniferous coal swamps of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield (France) in response to climate and landscape changes is presented by Molina-Solís et al. (2024).[250]
- Evidence of the presence of distinct patterns of damage inflicted by insects on seeds from the Permian (Asselian) Shanxi Formation (China), as well evidence of presence of anti-herbivory defences in the studied seeds in the form of hairs, spines, thick seed coats and apical horns, is presented by Santos, Wappler & (2024).[251]
- Purens, DiMichele & Chaney (2024) identify plants fossils collected from a single geographic site (Farmer's/Cattle Tank locality) in south-central Baylor County (Texas, United States) as representing two distinct assemblages of Artinskian plants differing in their diversity structure, and interpret the studied assemblages as parts of the fossil record of early phases of a change during the Permian from floras dominated by drought-tolerant plants to floras that included more plants requiring high substrate moisture.[252]
- McLoughlin et al. (2024) revise fossil material of Permian plants from the Falkland Islands collected by Thore Gustav Halle during the 1907–1909 Swedish Expedition to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego.[253]
- A study on changes of floral communities in southwestern China during the Permian-Triassic transition is published by Hua et al. (2024), who provide evidence indicative of frequent wildfires that destroyed the stability of wetlands prior to the main extinction phase and inhibited recovery in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and resulted in gradual replacement of fern-dominated floral communities by gymnosperm-dominated ones.[254]
- Turner, McLoughlin & Mays (2024) review the known record of plant–arthropod interactions on Early and Middle Triassic fossil leaves from Gondwana, reevaluate known record of the studied interactions in the Australian Middle Triassic Benolong Flora, and argue that concerted investigations can greatly increase the number of plant–arthropod interactions in the studied fossil assemblages.[255]
- Description of the Middle Triassic plant assemblages from the Bamba, Pangarawe and Kakindu outcrops of the Tanga Basin (Tanzania) is published by Sabuni & Kustatscher (2024).[256]
- Gurung et al. (2024) use a new vegetation and climate model to study links between plant geographical range, the long-term carbon cycle and climate, and find that reduced geographical range of plants in Pangaea resulted in increased atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, while the expande geographical range of plants after the breakup of Pangaea amplified global CO2 removal.[257]
- Seyfullah et al. (2024) report the discovery of a conifer twig belonging to the genus Elatides from the Middle Jurassic Ishpushta Coal Formation (Afghanistan) preserved with resin traces that impregnated the surrounding coalified leaf material, representing the first case of such type of resin preservation impregnating plant tissues reported to date, and interpret this specimens as supporting cupressalean affinity for Elatides; the authors also describe a conifer fragment of Elatocladus sp. from Jurassic strata in Shaanxi (China) with similar resin traces.[258]
- Kvaček et al. (2024) reconstruct Cenomanian plant communities from the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Czech Republic), providing evidence of diversification and dominance of flowering plant both in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and in Europe in general (particularly in alluvial plains).[259]
- Quirk et al. (2024) study the distribution of extant and fossil ginger plants and dawn redwood, providing evidence of inconsistent climatic niches occupied by the former group through time and more consistent climatic niche of the latter one, and interpret dawn redwood as more appropriate for paleoclimatic reconstructions than ginger plants.[260]
- Evidence of changes of composition of plant communities from northeastern Montana during the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition is presented by Wilson Deibel, Wilson Mantilla & Strömberg (2024).[261]
- Rossetto-Harris & Wilf (2024) revise the diversity of the assemblage of Eocene leaves from the Río Pichileufú locality (Argentina) and report the presence of 82 valid leaf morphotypes.[262]
- Kim et al. (2024) revise the Miocene flora from the Hamjin Formation (North Korea) and interpret it as indicative of warm and temperate climate.[263]
- Atkins et al. (2024) describe macrofossil remains of plants from a new Quaternary assemblage from Robertson Cave in the Naracoorte region of South Australia.[264]
- Evidence from lake sediments from Tengchong Qinghai Lake (Yunnan, China), interpreted as indicative of a shift from dense forest dominated by C3 plants to a more open forest environment with mixed C3 and C4 plants on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau that happened between 78,600 and 58,600 years before present and coincided with the occupation history of Homo sapiens in southern China, is presented by Chen et al. (2024).[265]
- Evidence of the presence of fragmented tropical humid forests among connected savanna in Amazonia during the Last Glacial Maximum is presented by Kelley et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that distinct forest fragments were connected by areas with taller, dense woodland/tropical savanna that could sustain both Amazonian and Cerrado species.[266]
- Mariani et al. (2024) study changes of shrub cover in southeastern Australia since the Last Interglacial, and report evidence of reduction in shrub cover during the Holocene, related to Indigenous Australian population expansion and cultural fire use.[267]
- Review of the fossil record of photosynthetic microbes and plants from Ukraine, and of the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the study of this fossil record, is published by Shevchuk et al. (2024).[268]
Deaths
[edit]- Estella Leopold, paleobotanist and conservation paleontologist passes on February 25, 2024, at 97. Leopold's work as a conservationist included taking legal action to help save the Florissant Fossil Beds in Colorado, and fighting pollution. She was the daughter of Aldo Leopold.[269]
References
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- ^ Qin, M.; Wang, D.; Liu, L.; Liu, L.; Zhoi, Y. (2024). "In situ forest with lycopsid trees bearing lobed rhizomorphs from the Upper Devonian of Lincheng, China". PNAS Nexus. 3 (7). pgae241. doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae241. PMC 11231945. PMID 38984150.
- ^ Pšenička, J.; Bek, J.; Nelson, W. J. (2024). "Lepidostrobus willardii sp. nov. and its spores from the Lower Pennsylvanian of the Illinois Basin, USA". Bulletin of Geosciences. 99 (3): 203–218. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1902.
- ^ Cariglino, B.; Zavattieri, A. M.; Lara, M. B. (2024). "A fertile spike moss (Selaginellites argentinensis sp. nov.) with in situ spores from the Triassic of Argentina: first fossil record of a Selaginellaceae lycophyte for South America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 185 (4): 389–401. Bibcode:2024IJPlS.185..389C. doi:10.1086/730196. S2CID 268100804.
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- ^ Correia, P.; Pereira, S.; Šimůnek, Z.; Sá, A. A.; Pereira, Z. (2024). "A new species of Acitheca (Psaroniaceae, Marattiales) with exceptionally and three-dimensionally preserved sporangia from the Buçaco Carboniferous Basin, western central Portugal". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 334. 105274. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105274.
- ^ Chen, H.-Y.; Yang, T.; Li, Y.; Uhl, D.; Han, L.; Cai, J.-H.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.-D.; Yan, D.-F. (2024). "A new fossil record of Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Oligocene of Qaidam Basin, Northwest China and its palaeoenvironmental implications". Palaeoworld. 34 (4). doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2024.11.006.
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