Grindlay family

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Grindlay
Minor nobility and landed gentry

Arms of Grindlay (Senior Branch): Quarterly, or and az, a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field.
CountryUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Earlier spellingsGre(n)deley, Gren(e)ley(e), Gren(e)lay, Grynelay, Grenelie(s), Grenelaw(e), and others
EtymologyEnglisċ: "green / valley clearing"
Place of originKingdom of Northumbria
Foundedc.850; 1174 years ago (850)
FounderHereweald and Æðel of Grēneleāh / Gryndeleā
TitlesBaronets, Knights, Manorial Lords (Lairds)
MottoNon Degener (Not Degenerated)
Estate(s)Various (see Houses and estates)
Branches
List

The Grindlay family (Old English: [compound] Grēne/Grynde + Leāh/Leā) is an Anglo-Scottish knightly family of medieval origin.[1][2][3]

The family now has two primary branches, one in the English Midlands and the other in the former Scottish Marches, with a small presence in Ireland, North America, New Zealand, and South Africa.[2][3] The family established themselves as landed lords,[4][5][6][7] knights,[2][8][9][10] and gentry,[11][12][13][14] but more recently were prominent British bankers (see Grindlays Bank),[15][16] officials,[17][18] industrialists,[19][20] soldiers,[21][22][23] and freemasons during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.[24][25]

As an armigerous family whose position arose from feudal manorial lordships and knightly service, the Grindlay family rank among the British minor nobility or noblesse d'épée.[2][7][26]

Etymology[edit]

Grindlay is a toponymic surname arising from the combination of the Anglo-Saxon words grēne or grynde and leāh or leā, meaning "green clearing" or "valley clearing".[1][27][28][29] Traditionally held to have arisen in Northumbria,[30][31][32] modern scholarship suggests the name may instead derive from medieval woodland clearance in the former Forest of Arden in the English Midlands,[a] before later spreading northward with the family.[29][33][34]

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

The family are reputed to be descended from the Anglo-Saxon thegns,[b] Hereweald (Harold) and Æðel (Æthel or Athel) of Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (c.850),[35][36] transliterated as Greenlee or Greenley, of northern Northumbria.[2][31][33][34][37] The surname is of territorial origin and historically attributed to either the ancient village of Grinnla, now Greenlaw in the Scottish Borders,[38][30] or the medieval hamlet of Greenley near Haltwhistle in Northumberland,[31][32][39][40] both formerly of the Kingdom of Northumbria.

According to records gathered by James Watt Jr. of Aston Hall in Birmingham and attested by John Thorpe of Duddeston Manor,[2][41] the brothers were awarded the demesne of "Balsal Chase" recorded as Bordeshale or Bordeslea,[42][43][44] now Balsall Heath and Bordesley, in Warwickshire and its manors by King Alfred the Great for "heroic gallantry" during the Norfolk Campaign against the Danes.[2][3] Control of these lands and the surrounding region in northern Warwickshire, the then Kingdom of Mercia, established the family in the Midland counties in addition to the North of England and the Scottish Lowlands.[41] Their kin who remained in the north, are considered to have largely become part of the wider lowland clanship of Home and Wedderburn.[45][46]

"Of an ancient family "thorough Anglo Saxon" named Greenlee, called in the Midland Counties of England "The Greenlees"...two knights of this family...were gifted by King Alfred to a demesne in the County of Warwick...where this branch lived in opulence and high respect" [2] – Archives of Aston Hall, Warwickshire

Some modern historians trace the surname to a small cluster of settlements in the English Midlands,[c] namely Grindley in Staffordshire,[47][48][49] Grindley Brook and Tushingham cum Grindley on the Shropshire and Cheshire border,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] and Little Gringley in Nottinghamshire.[57][58][59][60][61] Professor Patrick Hanks, instead suggests the family took their name from their lands in central England,[34] where by the mid 11th century, the Warwickshire line of the family held territories across the county, centred around Bordeshale Manor, over which they held lordship into the Late Middle Ages as the resident Lords of Bordeshale (see Bordesley Hall).[2][44]

After the Norman Conquest, the family became vassals of Ansculf de Picquigny,[62] when he was granted numerous manors across the English Midlands by William the Conqueror, the caput of which was Dudley Castle.[63][64] Although some of the lands awarded to de Picquigny included areas held by the family prior to 1066, they continued as manorial lords of their ancestral estates, holding them in fief or knight's fee in return for homage and fealty to de Picquigny as tenant-in-chief.[65] This arrangement is evident in the medieval Book of Fees, which records the family paying scutage for their "old feffment" held on behalf of Roger de Somery, the feudal baron of Dudley and descendant of de Picquigny.[65][66][67][68]

13th, 14th, and 15th centuries[edit]

By the High Medieval Period, the English branch of the family were established landowners of the English Midlands, primarily in Warwickshire and Staffordshire, and later in Nottinghamshire and southern Cheshire.[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] The spelling of the family name developed several variants over time, principally Greneleye, Grenlay and Grendleye or Grendeley.[1][29][33][77][78] This is exemplified by the different ways the surname was recorded throughout this period, including William de Grenelega (c.1180),[79] Simone de Greneleye or Greneley (c.1250),[79][80] William de Grenlay (c.1275),[33][34] and Richard de Grendeley or Grindley (c.1390).[78]

They were involved in regional affairs of politics and governance as early as the 13th century onwards,[81] and as one of the prominent landed families of the region, they appear regularly in the medieval records of the English Chancery and Exchequer, namely the Pipe, Fine, Close, Plea, and Patent rolls and escheats, regarding awards of lands and estates,[79][72] collection of levies,[82] legal disputes,[83][84] and grants of office and position.[85][86] Such instances include Hugh de Greneley (c.1289) of Carlton in Lindrick Manor,[83] officiator for the abbot of Welbeck Abbey,[85] Geoffrey de Greneleye or Grenleye,[d] and his son Sir William de Greneley or Grenleye (c.1328), a knight or man-at-arms,[87] wardens of the peace, knights of the shire, and witnesses, warrantors, and seal signatories for the Chartulary of the Priory of St. Thomas near Stafford,[8][88] Thomas de Grenlay (c.1349), incumbent Rector of St John the Baptist Church, Clarborough,[89] John de Grenlay or Grenley (c.1405), Crown Coroner of Nottinghamshire,[86][90] Thomas Grenley or Greneley (c.1424),[e] twice Vice Chancellor of Oxford University in 1436 and 1437,[91][92] and Thomas de Greneley (c.1440), simultaneously the Lord of the Manor of Northill Rectory, Master of the College of Northill, and Parson of the Church of St Mary the Virgin following the death of Sir John Tailly and his son.[93][94] He and his successors held the lordship, and a knight's fee in Tempsford,[95] until the college was eventually dissolved in 1547 following the dissolution of the monasteries by King Edward VI,[96] and subsequently bequeathed to Sir William Fitzwilliam in 1549.[93][96]

The Middle Ages saw several generations of the family take up arms against the French during the Hundred Years' War, primarily beside the noble Midland families of Beauchamp, Beaufort, and Talbot, and spanning at least 70 years of the conflict. The first recorded was Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye, or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) of Edgbaston, Warwickshire,[2][97] who, with his soldiers, fought alongside John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville and Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick,[97] but was slain at the first siege of Harfleur in 1415, and posthumously commended by King Henry V.[2][7][8] His kinsmen, John Grenlay, Grenley or Greneley (c.1417), was also at the siege under the command of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, and subsequently garrisoned at Harfleur until it fell to the French in 1435,[8][98][99] and Thomas de Grenlay or Greynley (c.1430), a man-at-arms mustered at Port-de-l'Arche, fought against the incursions of Étienne de Vignolles into the Basse Seine Valley during 1430, and at the siege of Louviers in 1431.[100]

In the latter stages of the war with France, the family fought as part of the company of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and his second, John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, most notably Stephen Gredeley, Gredley or Greddelay (c.1440) and his brother Thomas de Gredelay or Grynnelay (c.1441).[101][102] Stephen fought with the Earl of Shrewsbury during his campaign to reclaim Pays de Caux throughout the late 1430s, continuing as part of his close military affinity during the relief of Harfleur in 1440, and the sieges of Pontoise, Conches-en-Ouche, and Louviers in 1441.[101] Thomas saw fighting alongside his brother at Conches-en-Ouche and Louviers, was detached to the garrison of Rouen to oversee the escorting of supplies to Sir William Peyto and his forces during the siege of Dieppe in 1442, before joining the Duke of Somerset for the Cherbourg offensive in the summer of 1443.[102] Another relative, Robin Grynelay (c.1442), saw fighting at Le Neubourg under Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex until it was lost to the French in April 1444.[103][104]

During this same period, a cadet branch of the English arm of the family rose to prominence under Sir William Gyrdeley, Gridley, or Grindlay (c.1415), a wealthy lancer,[f] who fought at the siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agincourt as a member of the personal retinue of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, the then Earl of Huntingdon, alongside Thomas Talbot, a relation of the Talbot Barons, and others.[105][106][107] Seemingly of Boarzell Manor in Ticehurst, Sussex,[108] in 1425 William granted a portion of his lands in East Sussex, as well as their tenements, rents, and services to his comrades in arms, the Duke of Exeter, Sir Thomas Echyngham, and others, following their return from the wars in France.[109][110] Although William and this branch of the family had amassed a sizeable estate in and around Ticehurst, his widow later sold the manor and most of the remaining lands to the knightly Roberts family of Glassenbury, Cranbrook, in 1459 and 1460.[111][112] However, later generations evidently remained influential with John Greneley (c.1495) made a Commissioner of the King's Peace under King Henry VIII in February 1509,[g] alongside other Sussex patricians including Thomas Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel, Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr, and Thomas Fiennes, 8th Baron Dacre.[113]

Throughout the late 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, the family were engaged in a number of notable land ownership disputes with neighbouring families, including those of de Denston,[114][115][116] Bagot, Barons of Bagot's Bromley,[117] Ferrers,[h] Earls of Derby,[84][118] Legh,[i] Cheshire and Warwickshire gentry and aristocracy and others,[119] regarding their lands in Nottinghamshire and Staffordshire.[47][120][121][122] The family also frequently acted as arbiters for issues of succession for several others, including the Lyot, Purley, and Wolaston (see William Wollaston) families of Staffordshire and Leicestershire.[8][123][124]

16th and 17th centuries[edit]

Around the early 16th century, part of the family moved south west into the neighbouring county of Herefordshire, where they established landholdings near Kington.[41][125] In December 1513, John Greneley or Greneleye (c.1510) was made an acolyte to Richard Mayew, Bishop of Hereford by dimissory letter.[126] Then in 1525, he and his heirs were granted the estate of Woodhallhill Manor in Staunton on Arrow, formerly spelt Stanton, and the country house remained the seat of his successors thereafter.[6] This branch subsequently rose to eminence, both directly and through marriage, becoming senior military officers, members of parliament, Baronets (see Coffin-Greenly Baronets), and Sheriffs of Herefordshire, as well as lords of various other manors across the county.[8][127][128]

Towards the end of the reign of King Henry VIII, George Grenlegh or Grenley (c.1539) became part of the executive of the Lordship of Ireland, acting as agent to Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane, the Lord Deputy of Ireland.[129] Family involvement in Ireland grew, when in the mid 16th century, they were granted additional lands and estates, near the city of Limerick, Munster,[2] by Queen Elizabeth I and Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth, the Lord Chamberlain, to establish various armouries for small arms and culverin cannon as part of the Tudor conquest of Ireland.[3][12] As members of the "New English" class granted plantation lands on the border of the Earldom of Ormond, the family line that settled there supported the establishment of the Church of Ireland and the continued Anglicisation of the country. During the British Civil Wars in Ireland the family were loyal to the Crown as Protestant Royalists and remained so throughout the Protectorate and into the Restoration, typified by those such as John Grinley (c. 1635), a King's Royal Guardsman, who joined the company of Sir William Flower, the agent and informer of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, in 1662.[130] However, as committed Protestants, the family were increasingly subjected to religious persecution during the reign of King James VII and II, and their lands and hall were destroyed in response to the ongoing religious and monarchical turmoil of the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly that surrounding the Battle of the Boyne.[2][41] The family were invited into the protection of Trevor Hill, 1st Viscount Hillsborough and Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire and member of parliament for Warwick, but largely decided to leave Ireland and emigrate to North America at the beginning of the 18th century.[2]

Throughout the late 16th and 17th centuries, the family continued to expand their possessions,[j] particularly in the North Midlands and Cheshire,[78][131][132] where several areas are eponymously named, such as Grindleyes Feeld (c.1593) or Grindleys Green (c.1604), now Grindley Green in Newhall, Cheshire.[78][133]

18th, 19th and 20th centuries[edit]

The contemporary spellings of the family surname, themselves the result of further variation, are namely Grinley,[1][134][135][136][137][32] Greenly,[2][33][77] of Titley Court,[6][8] and Grindley or Grindlay,[9][33][138][139][140] of Parkfields Manor and others.[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]

From the end of the 18th century onwards, the family actively participated in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars,[149][150][151] the Industrial Revolution,[152] the expansion of the British Empire,[21][153] and the global conflicts of WWI and WWII,[154][155] both civically and militarily.[156][157][158][159] Their involvement included distinguished military service,[160][161][162][163][164] the growth of the British financial system,[16] wartime government leadership,[165] and the development of pioneering industrial operations.[166][167][168]

During the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of the family became prominent Freemasons, acting as members, officers, masters, and founders of multiple Masonic lodges across the country, but particularly in Warwickshire and the wider English Midlands.[142][169][170]

Notable modern members of the English branch of the family include Capt. Robert Melville Grindlay,[k] of the 7th Bombay Native Infantry, the soldier, painter, and founder of Grindlays Bank,[16][171][172][173][174] Bvt. Maj. Henry Robert Grindlay, AQMG of the 21st Hussars, decorated officer of the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars,[21][160] His Worship Alfred Robert Grindlay CBE JP, the founder of Grindlay Peerless and Lord Mayor of Coventry during WWII,[19][165][175] Sqn Ldr. Dr. Robert Walter Guy Grindlay, of the RAF Medical Corps, WWII veteran, racing driver, and pioneering anaesthetist,[167][176][177] Maj. Henry Hugh Grindley CBE, of the Royal Field Artillery, the overseas railway industrialist,[168][178] and William Harry Grindley JP, the 19th century ironstone magnate and founder of the eponymous W H Grindley.[20][179][180]

Wider family[edit]

Family branches[edit]

Scotland[edit]

Historically held to be descended from the same Northumbrian line as their English cousins, the Scottish branch of the family is similarly thought to have originated from either Greenlaw or Greenley in the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria,[30][31][32][38][39][40] and to have been early holders of what became the feudal Barony of Greenlaw before it merged with the Earldom of Lothian.[181] The spelling of the family name, like the settlements,[l] has since alternated between variants of Greenlee, Greenlaw, Grenlay, and Grindlay.[1][30][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189] The interchangeability of lee, lay and law in Scottish and northern spellings of the surname,[183][190][191][192] particularly the medieval instances of Genelawe and Grenelay, and the congruity of their coats of arms, is illustrative of the familial connection.[5][9][45]

The family is believed to have become a sept of Clan Home and Clan Wedderburn during the emergence of the Scottish clan system in the High Middle Ages owing to common ancestry, locality, and onomatology, with the arms of Grindlay and Wedderburn sharing the motto Non Degener (Not Degenerated).[46][193][194][195] Some contemporary scholarship suggests that the family may in fact have settled in Scotland slightly later, during the 15th century, from the North Midlands,[34] but were nevertheless established landowners and clergymen of the Scottish Lowlands by the 16th century, and closely affiliated with both clans.[196]

The earliest recorded of this wider line was Sir Patrick de Greenlaw (c. 1150), a descendant of Cospatric I, the Earl of Northumbria. In the early 13th century, his son Sir William de Greenlaw or Grenlawa (c. 1180) became the progenitor of Clan Home when he adopted the surname following his acquisition of the lands of Home in Berwickshire. A century later William de Grenlawe or Genelawe of Edinburghshire (c. 1250) and his son Matheu (Matthew) de Grenlawe of Berwickshire (c. 1270) signed the Ragman Rolls,[m] alongside other Scottish aristocracy, swearing fealty to King Edward I in 1296.[197][198][199] Other notable medieval decedents include William de Grenlaw (c. 1320), Archdeacon of St. Andrews,[189] Gilbert de Greenlaw, Grenlaw, or Grynlaw (c. 1360), first Canon and then Bishop of Aberdeen, and Lord Chancellor of Scotland under King Robert III,[189][198] Thomas de Grenlaw or Grenlay (c. 1400), Vicar of Conveth and of Erth, Bailie of the Temple of Aberdeen, Burgess of Aberdeen, and Archdeacon of Lothian and of Orkney,[189] Sir Alexander Grynlaw or Grynlay (c. 1457), chaplain to John Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester,[200] and George de Greenlaw or Girnelaw (c. 1464), Commissoner for Haddington in the Parliament of Scotland.[201][202]

During the 16th century, parts of the family lands in the Southern Uplands and Central Lowlands were impacted by the dispossession of property of the Catholic Church in Scotland during the Scottish Reformation.[196][203] In 1561, the Privy Council of Scotland decreed that a third of the revenue from the lands (feus) and produce (teinds) of Sir John Grenelay (c.1540) Prebendary of Corstorphine,[196] from his benefice of the prebend of Half Dalmahoy and Half Haltoune in Midlothion, were to be subjected to a levy as part of the reforms initiated in 1560 by John Knox and The First Book of Discipline.[204] When he died in 1568, Sir John left these lands and others, including areas across the city of Edinburgh, to his heirs and successors, forming the basis of an expansive estate which was home to the family for the next 300 years.[13][196]

A century later, following the Restoration, members of the family fought in the Covenanter rebellions against the increasing persecution of Presbyterians arising from sectarian struggles for control of the Church of Scotland, known as "The Killing Time".[205][206] The most notable was William Grindlay or Grinlaw of Monklands (c. 1640),[206][207] who in June 1679 fought with the Covenanter army at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge against the Scottish government troops of James Scott, Duke of Monmouth. The Covenanters were defeated, and William was taken captive and held in Covenanters' Prison near Greyfriars Kirkyard.[206] He was one of the few prisoners to decline the offer of indemnity from King Charles II, repeatedly refusing not to take up arms again if released when interrogated by the High Court of Justiciary.[206] Consequently, on 15 November he was put aboard the Crown of London in Leith for transportation to Virginia in the British Colonies, however he drowned on 10 December when the vessel was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Deerness, Orkney.[206][207]

More contemporary Scottish family members include George and William Grindlay, the 18th and 19th century leather magnates and landowners of the former Orchardfield Estate in Edinburgh,[13][208] Capt. Thomas Grindlay of Marionville House, master of Trinity House of Leith,[18][209][210] Walter Grindlay, the Edinburgh and Liverpool shipping grandee,[n] and father of Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson,[o] (see Simpson Baronets of Strathavon and Edinburgh),[14][211][212] Lt. Alexander Brown Grindlay DCM MiD, of the Royal Army Medical Corps and 11th Royal Scots,[162][213][214] Capt. Edward 'Teddy' Grindlay, of the 4th and 10th Scottish Rifles, close friend and patron of Sir Herbert James Gunn,[215][216] William 'Spread Eagle' Grinly, QM of the Royal Leith Volunteers, soldier, mariner, and merchant,[217][218] and The Right Hon. Lord Grindley of Rannoch.[4]

North America[edit]

Another branch of the family exists in North America following emigration from the United Kingdom during the 18th and 19th centuries. Notable members of the family in the United States and Canada include Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Glas Grindlay, the highly decorated Unionist officer of the American Civil War and Medal of Honor recipient,[22] Dr. John H Grindlay, a combat surgeon with the United States army in Southeast Asia during WWII, the diary of whose experiences was later widely published,[219][220] Isabella Grindlay, later Grindlay Jackson, an Anglo-Canadian member of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps during WWI and acclaimed war poet,[221][222] and Thomas Maltby Grindley, the Anglo-Canadian merchant, soldier, and politician.[223][224]

Broader relations[edit]

The Grindal family (see Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury during the 16th century)[p] are held to be close associates and possible relations,[1][77][225] with their near synonymous heraldry believed to stem from this connection.[26][138][226][227] So too are the Gridley family (see Barons of Stockport), the evidence of whose decent is more ambiguous, due to the near interchangeable medieval spellings of the Grelley, Gresley and Grindlay families in the North Midlands.[11][34][77][78][228][229][230]

Direct ancestral ties to both the noble Norman families of Grelley, formerly spelt Gredley, Greidley and Gredleye,[231][232][233] decedents of Albertus Greslet or Albert 'd'Avranches' de Greslé (c.1050 – c.1100),[234][235][236] avowed Viscount of Avranches,[237] and the 1st Baron of Manchester (see House of Grailly),[238][239][240][241][242] and Gresley, formerly spelt Greseleye,[34] Baronets of Drakelow Hall and decedents of Robert de Stafford (see House of Tosny),[243] have been presented by a number of 19th century historians, though are still the subject of research.[33][34][243][244][245][246]

Coats of arms[edit]

Senior branch[edit]

Armorial bearings of Grindlay. (18th century) Shield: Quarterly, or and azure, a cross quarterly ermine and of the first, between four pheons counterchanged of the field. Crest: A dove proper., a pea-hen proper., a buffalo's head erased gules. Motto: Non degener.

Although the family had been using seals and insignia from the beginning of the 14th century,[88] the first known record of arms are seemingly from Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye, or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) of Edgebaston, Warwickshire, a "Knight of the Royal Guards" (see Yeoman of the Guard),[2] who was commended for martial valour at the first siege of Harfleur in 1415, in Normandy, France, during the Hundred Years' War.[7][97] William was killed storming the breach in the bastion walls alongside his soldiers, as he fought to secure the fortress gates during the final stages of the siege.[41] Buried on the glacis where he was slain and with an oak sapling to mark his grave, William was posthumously honoured by King Henry V,[2][7] and as a reward, William and the family were entitled to have their armorial bearings "topped by a green mound and plant of oak".[q][2][26][226] The existing family coat of arms at that time was recorded as:

"Armorial Quartering...angular bars on the shield; the ermine, above Bar; and a square thereon..."[2]

The "Armorial Quartering" refers to the division of the field into 4 square quarters, the "angular bars on the shield" to early pheons, and the "ermine, above Bar" to the tincture adjoining the central ordinaries, all of which are exhibited in the arms to this day.[247][248] This 14th century emblazoned escutcheon is regarded as an early form of the arms now bourn by the Grindlay family,[193][194] with the current coat of arms adopted at some point during the 16th or 17th century, to differentiate their immediate familial line from their wider ancestral lineage.[6][26][138][226]

The arms of the related but distinct lines of the Grindlay family, are identifiable by their differing heraldic crests, which among them include a buffalo (Northumberland and Berwickshire), a peahen (Warwickshire and Staffordshire), and a dove.[26][226][248][249]

Examples of the recorded arms of Grindlay and Grindley, illustrating their relatively fluid interchangeability up until the 19th century, are as follows:

  • "Crest – a dove, proper." Deuchar, 1817
  • "Crest – a buffalo's head erased, gules." Deuchar, 1817
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener." Robson, 1830
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu." Robson, 1830
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener." Burke & Burke, 1844
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu." Burke & Burke, 1844
  • "Crest – A buffalo's head erased. gu., a dove ppr., a pea-hen ppr. Motto – Non degener" Fairbairn, 1860, 1905, 1911
  • "A dove ppr., pea-hen, ppr, and a buffalo's head erased" Washbourne, 1882
  • "A dove, ppr.; and another, a pea-hen, ppr." Elven, 1882
  • "A buffalo's head erased, gu." Elven, 1882
  • "A buffalo's head, erased, gu., a dove, ppr., a pea-hen, ppr." MacVeigh, 1883
  • "Quarterly, or and az. a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field. Crest – A pea-hen ppr. Motto – Non Degener" Burke, 1884
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest – a buffalo's head erased gu." Burke, 1884

Cadet branches[edit]

The Warwickshire line of the family gave rise to two separate cadet branches, one in Nottinghamshire and then a second in Sussex. Both cadet branches attained arms in their own right.

Nottinghamshire[edit]

Cadet arms of Grindlay of Nottinghamshire.[r]

The Nottinghamshire cadet branch adopted arms as early as the 14th century, attributed to William, son of John de Grenleye (c.1374) of the County of Nottingham.[71] First documented in the Catalogue of Seals of the Department of Manuscripts of the British Museum 1894,[10] and later in the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol I,[250] the armorial bearings are described as:

"A bend bretessed, between three crescents"

Identified by Walter de Grey Birch, the arms were recovered from a gothic panel and described as dark red but indistinct in colour,[10] indicative of a gules escutcheon and likely faded argent charges,[r] due to the tendency for silver paint to oxidise and darken over time (see Tincture: Argent).[251]

Sussex[edit]

Cadet arms of Grindlay of Sussex.[f]

The arms of the Sussex cadet branch of the family were first recorded in Wriothesley's Chevrons (c.1525) by Sir Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton (1505 – 1550).[107] The armorial bearings are described in this and later works, including the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II,[9] as:

"Azure a chevron engrailed argent between 3 fleurs de lis or"[f]

The arms of this cadet branch illustrate a number of parallels with those of Clan Kinninmont of Kinninmoth near Fife in Scotland, an area where the Grindlay family are known to have settled.[9][107][188][211][252] The close resemblance extends to the clan crest and badge which feature an oak tree or sprig of oak.[189][253]

Houses and estates[edit]

Notable family residences:

Other prominent residences of the wider family:

  • Titley Court, Herefordshire (primary residence of Greenly line)
  • Strathavon Lodge, Edinburgh (primary residence of Grindlay Simpson line)

Residences of broader relations:

  • Cross Hill House and St Bees Manor,[u] Cumbria (primary residences of Grindal line)
  • Culwood House, Buckinghamshire (primary residence of Gridley line)

Family tree[edit]

Traditional descent of the Grindlay family

Grēneleāh
(Greenlee)
Northumbria[v]
Earl of Northumbria
(Earl of Lothian)
Northumbria

Grindlay (Grindley)
Northumberland & Berwickshire
Greenlaw
Berwickshire

Grindal
Cumberland
Baronet Simpson
(Grindlay-Simpson)
Midlothian[m]
Grindlay
Warwickshire &
Staffordshire
Grindlay
Nottinghamshire[r]
Grindlay
Sussex[f]
Greenlees
Berwickshire[q]
Earl of Home
(Clan Home)
Berwickshire

Grindall
Middlesex[w]
Greenly
Herefordshire[x]
Baron Gridley
Herefordshire &
Buckinghamshire[y]

Baronet
Coffin-Greenly
Herefordshire

*All contemporary spelling variants have been used where possible.

†This tree-chart may not display correctly on some phone or tablet devices.

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

^a An increasingly rare surname, Grindlay likely has its roots in the clearance of ancient English forest and the creation of the leāh or leā (see Leah and Lea), an area of open space within a woodland for settlement, particularly in the former Forest of Arden of Warwickshire and Staffordshire (see History of Warwickshire). These areas were often enclosed or walled off and controlled by a single family group, such as the ancestors of the Grindlay family, who in expanding their medieval holdings, simultaneously further established both their surname and the names of the places they controlled, as the creators and inhabitants of various grēne/grynde leāh/leā.[1][254][255][256]
^b This would make the family one of a limited number able to trace their patrilineal ancestry back to the Anglo-Saxon period, namely the 9th century, with the others being those of Arden, Berkeley, Swinton and Wentworth.[257][258][259] Notably the Arden and Swinton families are also of Warwickshire and Berwickshire.
^c Earlier spellings of these closely located villages and hamlets resemble those of the family surname. Grindley was formerly spelt both Grenlee and Grenley, Grindley Brook and Tushingham cum Grindley were formerly spelt Grenlegh, Grenelee, and Grynleye, and Little Gringley was formerly spelt both Greneleye and Grenlay.
^d The recorded full name of Galfridi de Greneleye, was Galfridi, Galfridus or Geoffery de Warilowe de Greneleye.[88]
^e Thomas Grenley, Grenely or Greneley was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford in the early 15th century. He became a University Proctor in 1424, and eventually acted as Vice Chancellor in 1436 and 1437 (see List of vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford).[92]
^f The arms of William Gyrdeley listed in the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II (1996), appear against Girdill, Gridley, Grindlay and Gyrdele. The entry states in the notes that for Grindlay specifically, the chevron may also appear in gold, a 'chev Or'. The same arms, appear for Girdler in The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884), but with 'many hurts' or roundels azure for difference, indicating a possible familial link.[9][138] Professor Patrick Hanks suggests in his The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland (2016), that Girdley or Gyrdeley is probably a metathesised variant of Gridley or Grindley.
^g John Greneley should not be confused with Sir John Ernley or Ernle (see Ernle family).[260]
^h The family (Henry de Grenley) are recorded as being in dispute primarily with Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby and his widow Eleanor at the end of the 13th century, however Robert and Eleanor's son, John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley (see Barons of Chartley) and the Barons of Groby, all subsequently became embroiled in the wider legal action initiated by Eleanor (see Ferrers family).[84][118]
^i The family (Robert and Matilda de Grenleye) were involved in a legal dispute over land in the parish of Stowe (see Stowe-by-Chartley) Staffordshire, with Thomas del Leghe of Neuton, in 1369. Though established landed gentry by the 14th century, the Leghs went on to become a powerful aristocratic family with lands across Cheshire, Warwickshire and other counties, which included the Earls of Chichester, Barons of Stoneleigh, Barons of Newton and others (see Leghs of Lyme, Leghs of Adlington, Baron Leigh, etc.).[119]
^j The family continued their expansion into Shropshire, South Lancashire and the Isle of Man (see Thomas Grindley),[261][262] with some resettling as far north as Lanarkshire during Glasgow's industrial expansion. Another possible eponym existing in South Lancashire, is Gryndley Cross (c.1560),[263] later Grindlow alias Greenlow Cross or Marsh,[264] then Grindley Marsh (c.1798) or Grindley-Marsh (c.1801),[265][266][267] and now thought to be Greenheys, part of Greater Manchester. The area was previously named Withacre or Whitacre, but this changed around the period the family are thought to have taken lands in the area.[264]
^k Captain Robert Melville Grindlay, E.I.C.S., M.R.A.S., etc. (1786-1877), served in the East India Company's Army and the 7th Bombay Infantry from 1804 to 1820. He moved to India as a cadet aged 17, reached the rank of captain in 1817, and retired from the military in 1820 at the age of 34, after which he returned to England and established Grindlays Bank. During his time in India, he made numerous sketches and drawings as a self-taught amateur artist, recording the life and landscape of the subcontinent (see Category:Robert Melville Grindlay). Although born in Marylebone, then a village near London, his distinctive middle name pays homage to his Scottish Grindlay ancestry and links between his forebears and the small but powerful noble Melville family of Midlothian and Fife (see Robert Melville, 1st Lord Melville, Earl Melville, Clan Melville, etc.).[16]
^l Similarly to the family name, both settlements have had various related spellings over time. Grinnla, now Greenlaw in Berwickshire, was formerly spelt Grenlay, Greynley, and Girnelay,[30] and Greenley in Northumberland, was formerly spelt Grenelay, Greenlee, and Greenlawe,[39] with ley or lay and law being documented aliases.[183] Greenley sits between Greenlee Lough and Greenley Cleugh; Cleugh being a word of Scottish origin for "a steep valley or ravine", with Greenley Cleugh literally meaning a green valley clearing, and a possible source of the dual green / valley clearing origins of the Grindlay surname, put forward by Henry Harrison in his Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (1969).[1]
^m William also later acted as clerk to John de Mowbray, 2nd Baron Mowbray.
^n In addition to owning a fleet of trade ships originally based in Grangemouth, Scotland and then later Liverpool, Walter Grindlay was also a sea captain and was shipmaster of the vessel the 'Grindlay' when it transported Scottish immigrant survivors of the destroyed 'India' to Port Phillip in Australia in 1841.[268][269][270]
^o The Grindlay and Simpson families of Edinburgh were closely interrelated, forming a single extended family. Walter Grindlay was cousin of Sir James Young Simpson, 1st Baronet, both sharing Grindlay grandparents, and James's future wife, Janet Grindlay (later Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson) was a first cousin once removed and daughter of Walter Grindlay. Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, 2nd Baronet was Walter Grindlay's nephew. James was granted his own arms when made a baronet.[211][271]
^p The surname of Grindal has several former spellings, including Grindle, Grindalli, and possibly Grenelawe.[34] The scholar and tutor to Queen Elizabeth I, William Grindal, is a probable relation of Edmund Grindal having also been born in the same coastal village of St. Bees, Cumberland.
^q The "green mound and plant of oak" augmentation of honour awarded to Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) following the siege of Harfleur, is retained in the 18th century arms of the Greenlees line of the family, awarded to Dr. Robert Greenlees of Scotland in 1750.[138]
^r The tincture of the charges and ordinaries of the arms of the Nottinghamshire cadet branch, though likely argent, are unknown, and are therefore greyed out in the accompanying illustration.[10]
^s Hoole Old Hall was purchased from John de Hoole, the Lord of Hoole, during the reign of Edward II, by the Abbot of Chester and served as the grange for the abbots of the Abbey of St Werburgh (now Chester Cathedral, following the dissolution of the Abbey in 1540). During the 14th century the Old Hall (and other properties including the original Hoole Hall, destroyed during the English Civil War, as opposed to the current Hoole Hall) came into the possession of the Bunbury baronets, who owned it for the next 400 years, before passing to the Grindlay family.[272]
^t The Orchardfield Estate was also known as the Grindlay Estate after it was purchased by George and William Grindlay in 1782. During the 19th century, the Grindlay family trust and the Merchant Company of Edinburgh, developed the estate in line with the feuing plan proposed by the renown Scottish architect William Burn, and agreed by William Trotter of Ballindean, the Lord Provost of Edinburgh.[13][273] Grindlay Street and Grindlay Court, which both reside within the boundaries of the former estate, were named so in honour of the family.[208]
^u Though Edmund Grindal was born at Cross Hill House in St. Bees, his niece, Mabel Grindal, would take possession of the Manor of St. Bees and 80 acres of land, which became a primary family residence thereafter.[274]
^v No known record of arms or insignia of the Anglo-Saxon thegns Hereweald and Æðel Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (or other Old English equivalents) survives.
^w The arms of Grindall listed in The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884) and dated to the end of the 18th century are most likely those of Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grindall KCB.[275][276] These arms and those of Grindal (Edmund Grindal) and Grindlay are identical bar sub-ordinary differencing (pheons for Grindlay, doves for Grindal, and pea-hens for Grindall; the later two both being crests of the Grindlay family).[138][227][277]
^x The arms of the Greenly line of the family were adopted during the 17th century, and draw their inspiration from those of the Green family (formerly spelt Grene and Greene), in whose various arms, stags and the colour green feature heavily. This was due to an erroneously surmised association with the Green family during that period.[138]
^y The arms of the Gridley line reflect those of the City of Manchester (based on those of Albert de Gresle, 1st Baron of Manchester, to which the family have possible links) because of their Barony of Stockport, part of Greater Manchester. Arnold Gridley, 1st Baron Gridley grew up in Abbey Dore, Herefordshire.[242][278]

References[edit]

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  88. ^ a b c Salt, T (1887). Collections for a history of Staffordshire. Harrison and Sons. Multiple accounts of the activities of Galfridi (Geoffrey), Willielmus (William) and John de Greneleye, including applying their warranty and seal to various documents, and being formal witnesses to others.
  89. ^ "Southwell and Nottingham Church History Project". www.southwellchurches.nottingham.ac.uk. 1349. Thomas, son of Robert de Grenlay
  90. ^ "County roll of John de Grenley - Coroners' Rolls and Files: Nottinghamshire". The National Archives. County roll of John de Grenley, King's Coroner for Nottinghamshire (17-19 Ric II (Richard II))
  91. ^ "University of Oxford website - (Home/About/OrganisationUniversity Officers/Vice-Chancellor/Previous Vice-Chancellors)".
  92. ^ a b Frowde, Henry (1888). The Historical Register of the University of Oxford: Being a supplement to the Oxford University Calendar, with an alphabetical record of University honours and distinctions completed to the end of Trinity term 1888. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Thomas Grenley, Grenely, or Greneley; Fellow of Oriel College; Proctor, Oxford University; and Vice Chancellor, Oxford University
  93. ^ a b The Publications of the Bedfordshire Historical Record Society Volume 1 [Misc Papers]. Vol. 1. Bedfordshire Historical Record Society. 1913. p. 257. Book of Norrell. Masters and Lords of the Manor. 1460 Thomas Greneley Master [Parson and Lord of the Mannor.]
  94. ^ A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 3 - Parishes: Northill. London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1912.
  95. ^ A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 1 - College: Northill. London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1904.
  96. ^ a b "The Manor of Northill College". Bedfordshire Archives.
  97. ^ a b c "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. 1. William Greneleye (Captain: Thomas Beauchamp, 1339-1401, Earl of Warwick); 2. William de Grenlay (Captain: John Neville)
  98. ^ "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. 1. John Grenlay (Captain: Thomas Beaufort, 1377-1426, Earl of Dorset, Duke of Exeter); 2. John Greneley / John Grenley (Captain: William Minors)
  99. ^ Bell, Adrian R. (2013). The Soldier in Later Medieval England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 112, 172, 304, 305. ISBN 978-0-19-968082-5. John Grenley; Man-at-Arms
  100. ^ "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. Thomas Grenlay / Greynley, Man-at-Arms (Captain: Sir William Fulthorp)
  101. ^ a b "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. 1. Stephen (Styn, Sym) Gredeley / Gredley / Greddelay, Man-at-Arms (Captain: John Talbot, 1385 - 1453, Earl of Shrewsbury)
  102. ^ a b "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. 1. Thomas de Gredelay (Captain: John Beaufort, 1403 - 1444, Duke of Somerset); 2. Thomas Grynnelay / Grinzeley (Captain: John Talbot, 1385 - 1453, Earl of Shrewsbury)
  103. ^ "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. Robin Grynelay, Archer (Captain: Henry Bourchier [1408 - 1483] Count of Eu, Earl of Essex)
  104. ^ Jones, Michael K (1982). The Beaufort family and the war in France 1421-1450. Bristol: University of Bristol. p. 319.
  105. ^ Harris Nicholas Esq., Nicholas (1827). The History of the Battle of Agincourt: And of the Expedition of Henry the Fifth in France: To which us added, The Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Army. London: Johnson: Harvard College Library. p. 498. ISBN 9780389040354.
  106. ^ "The Medieval Soldier Project". University of Southampton and University of Reading. William Gyrdeley, Man-at-Arms (Captain: John Holland,1395-1447, Earl of Huntingdon, Duke of Exeter; Commander: Henry V, 1386-1442, King of England)
  107. ^ a b c Wriothesley, Sir Thomas. A collection of arms, some coloured, pedigrees and other heraldic material. Early 16th century, with later 16th century additions.
  108. ^ "East Sussex Records Office". The National Archives. Deeds of the Manor of Boarzell and land in Ticehurst and Etchingham
  109. ^ Girders, Ian. "Girders Medieval Biological Index".
  110. ^ "East Sussex Records Office". The National Archives.
  111. ^ "Quitclaim. East Sussex and Brighton and Hove Record Office (ESBHRO)". The National Archives. 6 Oct 1460. Quitclaim by Joan, widow of William Gyrdele[y] of Ticehurst, to John Roberd of Cranbrook.
  112. ^ "Archive of the Roberts family of Boarzell in Ticehurst and Stonehouse in Warbleton and the Dunn Family of Stonehouse. East Sussex and Brighton and Hove Record Office (ESBHRO)". The National Archives. John Roberts of Glassenbury in Cranbrook, Kent, established the family's Sussex estates with the purchase of Boarzell in Ticehurst in 1459. Boarzell was demolished in 1859 by John Roberts Dunn.
  113. ^ Brewer, J. S. (2015). Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. Part 1. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN 9781108062596. 20 Feb. 1509. Commission of the Peace. Sussex. - W. Abp. of Canterbury, R. Bp. of Winchester, Thos. Earl of Arundel, Henry Earl of Northumberland, Thos. Earl of Surrey, Will. Lord Mautravers, Thos. West Lord De la Warr, Thos. Fenys Lord Dacre, Sir Robert Rede, John Butteler, John More, Sir Thos. West, Sir Roger Lowkenor, Sir David Owen, Sir. Thos. Fenys, Sir Goddard Oxenbrigge, Sir John Devinysshe, John Greneley, John Dawtrey, Ric. Sakvyle, Will. Asshebournham, Vincent Fynche, Thos. Theccher, John Carell, Nich. Shirley, Thos. Assheburnham, Edward Palmer, Ric. Covert, John Goryng, John Theccher, Will. Shelley, Robt Morley, John Stanney, John Onley, and Will. Scardoyle. Westm., 20 Feb. Pat. 2 Hen.VIII. p.3, m. 5d.
  114. ^ Wrottesley, George (1890). Collections for a History of Staffordshire. Harrison and Sons. Nicholas de Denston, complainant, and William de Greneleye. 20th January, 1328.
  115. ^ McSweeney, Thomas. J. (2014). The Kings Courts and the Kings Soul: Pardoning as Almsgiving in Medieval England (PDF). Land granted to Nicholas de Denton later subjected to dispute.
  116. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III: Volume 5, 1258-1266. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1910. p. 464. Grant for life to Nicholas de Denton for an oratory.
  117. ^ Staffordshire Historical Collections, Vol. 11. Staffordshire Fines: 1-10 Edward III. London: Staffordshire Record Society. 1890. pp. 127–141. Nicholas de Denston (affiliate of the Barons of Bagot's Bromely) vs William de Greneleye concerning acres of land in and around Bromleye Bagot.
  118. ^ a b Collections for a history of Staffordshire - Plea Rolls of the reign of Edward I.Staffordshire Record Society. Birmingham, England: Houghton and Hammond. 1885. pp. 96–97. Alianora [Eleanor] the widow of Robert de Ferrars [Ferrers] vs Henry de Grenley, Geoffrey de Warilowe (de Grenleye) and others.
  119. ^ a b "Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service: Staffordshire County Record Office". The National Archives. 1369. Matilda, widow of Robert son of Thomas de Grenleye vs Thomas del Leghe of Neuton. Witnesses including Ralph Bagot and Thomas Bagot.
  120. ^ "Staffordshire Deeds: Grindley". The National Archives. Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service: Staffordshire County Record Office. William son of Geoffrey de Warilowe de Grenleye vs Prior and Convent of St. Thomas the Martyr by Stafford
  121. ^ Palmer, Robert. "Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/184/26". www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk. Thomas de Wouer vs Adam, son of William de Grenleye, regarding 1 messuage, 2 mills, 5 and a half bovates of land and 45 acres of meadow and 54 shillings of rent. 13th November, 1329.
  122. ^ Palmer, Robert. "Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/186/35". www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk. Ives de Fulham vs Joan de Greneley and others, vs regarding 4 messuages, 1 toft, 46 acres of land, 19 acres of meadow, 3 acres of wood, 5 acres of marsh and 12 pence of rent in Madersey and Euerton. 12 November, 1385.
  123. ^ Collections for a History of Staffordshire. London: Harrison & Sons. 1887.
  124. ^ "Northamptonshire Archives". The National Archives. 14 July 1468.
  125. ^ "Will of Philippe Greneley of Moldeley in Lughurnes, Herefordshire". The National Archives, Kew. 10 May 1504.
  126. ^ Bannister, Arthur Thomas (1921). "Register of Bishop Richard Mayew. The Canterbury and York Society. Diocese of Hereford". www.melocki.org.uk.
  127. ^ "No. 24945". London Gazette: 979. 2 March 1881. 1881: Edward Howarth Greenly of Titley Court, Kington
  128. ^ "Lives of the First World War: Walter Howarth Greenly". www.imperialwarmuseum.com. Major General Walter Howorth Greenly was born on 2 January 1875 at Titley, Herefordshire, England. He was the son of Edward Howorth Greenly and Sarah Caroline Forster. He died in 1955. He fought in the Boer War between 1899 and 1902. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (D.S.O.) He gained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel between 1912 and 1916 in the 19 Royal Hussars. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918. He was Commander of the 2 Cavalry Division between 1916 and 1918. He gained the rank of Colonel between 1917 and 1920 in the 12 Royal Lancers. He was appointed Companion, Order of St. Michael and St. George (C.M.G.) He was head of the British Mission to Romania between 1918 and 1920.
  129. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII. Vol. 781. The King's Payments. Household expenses of Henry VIII. in the year 1539 (continued from Vol. XIII., Ft. ii., No. 1280.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1895. *Geo. Grenlegh, servant to lord Leonard Grey, coming from Ireland with letters and returning with the King's letters, and "for the time of his attendance".
  130. ^ The Manuscripts of the Marquis of Ormonde. Royal Commission of Historical Manuscripts (HM Stationery Office). Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1895. p. 182. 7 October 1662. Sir William Flower's muster roll; John Grinley
  131. ^ "16th Century Wills" (PDF). Historical Resources. Thomas Grendeley of Gratwich (1545)
  132. ^ Quarter Session Records, County Palatine of Chester, 1559 - 1760. Volume 1 (PDF). The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 1940. p. 2. Conveyance of land on 1718, Oct. 31., between Sir James Poole of Poole, baronet, and Rowland Poole, his second son, and John Grenley or Grindley, in Buerton, Co. Cheshire. (See Poole baronets)
  133. ^ "The Survey of English Place-Names: British Academy Research Project". The English Place-Name Society. 1923.
  134. ^ "English Phonetic Surname Aliases 1750 to 1800". Familysearch.org. 28 June 2022. Grindley or Grinley
  135. ^ Hitching, F. K. & S. (1910). References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602. Clearfield. p. 39. ISBN 9780806301815. Grinley (Staffordshire), Grindleye (Shropshire)
  136. ^ The Royal Kalendar and Court and City Register for England, Scotland, Ireland and the Colonies, for the year 1825. London: William Stockdale. 1825. p. 125. The Honourable Band of Gentlemen-Pensioners, established 1509. William Grinley, Esq. (See Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms)
  137. ^ "The London Gazette". 1823. p. 2143. The Earl of Courtown has been pleased to appoint William Grinley, Esq. to be a Gentleman Pensioner in Ordinary to His Majesty. (See Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms)
  138. ^ a b c d e f g Burke, Sir Bernard (1884). The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales: Comprising a Registry of Amorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time. London: Harrison & Sons.
  139. ^ Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 4, 1337-1339. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 1990.
  140. ^ Lower, Mark Antony (1860). Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of the Family Names of the United Kingdom. John Russel Smith. ISBN 9780788404566.
  141. ^ Deacon, Charles William (1902). The Court Guide and County Blue Book of Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and Staffordshire. London: Charles William Deacon & Co. pp. 382 (section: Landed Gentry, Country Families, etc.). William Harry Grindley Esq, JP - Tunstall and Parkfields, Tittensor, Stoke on Trent
  142. ^ a b "The British News Paper Archive". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 21 April 1965. Director of a Coventry Firm dies aged 65. Mr Reginald Robert Grindlay, the elder son of Mr A. R. Grindlay, a former Alderman and "Father" of Coventry City Council, died at his home at Derwent Island, Keswick, yesterday. Mr Grindlay was 65 years old and until about six months ago lived at Holly Lodge, Berkswell. He was a director with his father, and a younger brother, Mr Stephen Grindlay, of Grindlay (Coventry) Ltd. Mr Grindlay, a prominent Freemason, was a member of the Grand Lodge of England and of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Warwickshire. He was a past master of the Victory Lodge, Coventry. His death occurred suddenly. The funeral will be on Friday at 3.30 pm at Allesley Church. He leaves a widow, Mrs Vera Grindlay, and a son and daughter.
  143. ^ "Warrington Road - Mayfield House". Hoole History & Heritage Society. Grindley of Hoole Old Hall
  144. ^ "UK, Electoral Registers". www.ancestry.com. Grindlay of Westcote Manor, Edgehill
  145. ^ "Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre". The National Archives. Major Grindlay of The Old Rectory, Wylye, Wiltshire (see Wylye - Notable Buildings)
  146. ^ "Surrey History Centre". The National Archives. The lease of Cairn House by W G Grindlay Esq. from William Tollemache, 9th Earl of Dysart. "Numbers 1–39 (1981–2018): Contents, Author Index and Subject Index" (PDF). Richmond History.
  147. ^ "London Borough of Sutton: Archives & Local Studies". The National Archive. The purchase of a freehold estate situated at Carshalton by Captain [Robert Melville] Grindley (Grindlay), of The Regent's Park, London, on 21 August 1821.
  148. ^ "British Newspaper Archive". Coventry Herald - Saturday 25 August 1928. 1928. District News: Allesley - A garden fete of the Earlsdon, Greyfriars and Westwood wards of the Coventry Liberal Association was held in the grounds of Trinity House, Allesley, last Saturday afternoon, by permission of Councillor and Mrs A. R. Grindlay.
  149. ^ "Napoleonic War Records 1775-1817". Single entry for Grindlay. William Grindlay, enlisted 21 May 1806, 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot
  150. ^ "A-Z Waterloo Soldiers | Waterloo 200". Waterloo 200 Descendants Book. Pte. Joshua Grindley of 2nd Battalion, 95th Regiment of Foot, Company of Captain C Eaton.
  151. ^ "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945". www.findmypast.co.uk. Participants in The Great French War included 1) Captain James Grindlay, prisoner of war, born in Scotland, Master of the Nancy, captured by the French in 1799, released 12th November 1800 in exchange for Captain Charles Piquet of 81st Brigade under Louis Lazare Hoche; 2) Thomas Grindlay, prisoner of war; 3) James Grindley of the Cornwallis, prisoner of war, captured and held prisoner in France at some point between 1779 and 1781.
  152. ^ Grindlay, Robert Melville. Steam communication with India (PDF) (1st ed.). London.
  153. ^ Wallis, Frank H (2011). "A History of the British Conquest of Afghanistan and Western India, 1838 to 1849". Victorian Studies. 54 (1): 111. doi:10.2979/victorianstudies.54.1.117. JSTOR 10.2979/victorianstudies.54.1.117. S2CID 142641569.
  154. ^ "Centenary of the Battle of the Somme". UK Parliament. 2016. Lance Corporal Samuel Grindlay, 7th Battalion East Lancashire Regiment. Killed in action on 21st July 1916, Battle of the Somme.
  155. ^ "They Served For Us - Owen Sound Collegiate and Vocational Institute (OSCVI)". www.oscvi.com. Pte. George Henry Grindley, of the 5th Canadian Field Ambulance (Canadian Army Medical Corps), and Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment). Killed in action September 17, 1916, during the Battle of the Somme, near Warloy-Baillon. He was posthumously awarded the 1914-15 Star, the British War Medal, and the Victory Medal for his service.
  156. ^ "British Army Service Records". www.findmypast.co.uk. Multiple entries for Grindlay (~23), covering WWI. Some duplication.
  157. ^ "Commonwealth War Graves Commission". www.cwgc.org. Multiple entries for Grindlay (~18), covering both WWI and WWII.
  158. ^ "Prisoners Of War 1715-1945". www.findmypast.co.uk. Multiple entries for Grindlay (~16). Some duplication.
  159. ^ "Lives of the First World War". www.iwm.org.uk. Multiple entries for Grindlay (~88). Some duplication.
  160. ^ a b Hart, Colonel H. G. (1871). The New Annual Army List and Militia List and Indian Civil Service List for 1871 (PDF). London: John Murray. pp. 60–61, 620. Lt.Colonel [Henry Robert] Grindlay served the Punjaub Campaign of 1845-46, including the battles of Chillianwallah (severely wounded) and Goojerat ([Punjab] Medal with two Clasps). Served as Assistant Quarter Master General to Brigadier General Nicholson's Movable Column at the defeat of the Sealkote mutineers on the banks of the Ravee, on 12 and 16 July 1857 (Brevet of Major), and was afterwards present at the siege and capture of Delhi ([Indian Mutiny Medal] Medal with Clasp)
  161. ^ "New Year Honours – The Official Lists, New Peers And Baronets, Long Roll Of Soldiers". The Times. 1918. 1918 New Year Honours (MM) - Military Medal. Pte. H. Grindley, Grenadier Guards (Tarvin)
  162. ^ a b Royal Army Medical Corps, Great Britain. Army. (1916). Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. Vol. 27. London: J. Bale, Sons & Danielson, Limited. pp. 26, 49. Distinguished Conduct Medal No. 43124 Staff-Serjt. Alexander Brown Grindlay.
  163. ^ "Supplement to The London Gazette" (PDF). The London Gazette. 1980. Group Captain George Lionel Grindley O.B.E., Royal Air Force, to be Ordinary Officers of the Military Division of the said Most Excellent Order (O.B.E.)
  164. ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). The London Gazette. 12 June 1945. The undermtd. (on appt. to R.C.A.F.):— Flts. Lts.:— G. E. Grindlay, M.B.E. (75693). 23rd Apr. 1945.
  165. ^ a b McGrory, David (2015). Coventry's Blitz. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445650005. Multiple references to 1) Alfred Robert "Bob" Grindlay; 2) Grindlay Peerless; 3) Other Grindlay personnel, companies and activities.
  166. ^ Jackson, Colin (2017) [2013]. Classic British Motorcycles. Fonthill Media.
  167. ^ a b "Obituary - Dr Robert Walter Guy Grindlay". The British Medical Journal: 1658. 1963. Dr R. W. G. Grindlay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.A., F.F.A.R.C.S., M.B.C.H.B. was a member of that group of anaesthetists who in the immediate post-war years pioneered the advances in his specialty which were to prove epoch-making. He was husband to Pamela Francis Campbell-Brabazon, daughter of General John St. Clair Campbell-Brabazon (see Campbell baronets, of St Cross Mede).
  168. ^ a b "Supplement to The London Gazette" (PDF). The London Gazette. Henry Hugh Grindley, Esq., O.B.E., Director and General Manager, Central Uruguayan Railway Company, Montevideo, to be a Commander of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order (C.B.E)
  169. ^ "www.stivichall-lodge.org.uk".
  170. ^ United Grand Lodge of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751-1921. London, England: Library and Museum of Freemasonry; London, England. 20th May 1836 - Grindlay, Robert Melville. East India Agent
  171. ^ "Capt. Robert Melville Grindlay (The Print Gallery)". The Map House (www.themaphouse.com).
  172. ^ Chatterjee, Arup K Chatterjee. "Robert Melville Grindlay: The artist, Indophile and imperialist who founded Grindlays Bank". Scroll In.
  173. ^ Grindlay, Robert Melville (1830). Scenery, Costumes and Architecture, Chiefly on the Western Side of India. Smith, Elder & Company.
  174. ^ "London Metropolitan Archives: City of London". The National Archives. Robert Melville Grindlay esq, and others of Leamington Priors, Warwickshire, appointed as trustees for Harriet Rokeby of Oxenden near Market Harborough, Northamptonshire
  175. ^ "www.historiccoventry.co.uk".
  176. ^ "Second Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). The London Gazette. 1 May 1945. Flt. Lt. R. W . G. GRINDLAY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (66475) (on account of medical unfitness for Air Force service) retaining the rank of Sqn. Ldr. 18th Apr. 1945.
  177. ^ "www.austinharris.co.uk". RWG Grindlay in his Salmson at 1928 Shelsley Walsh Amateur Hill Climb
  178. ^ "WO 374 - War Office: Officers' Services, First World War, Major Henry Hugh Grindley. Royal Field Artillery". The National Archives.
  179. ^ "Major accessions to repositories in 2008 relating to Business". National Archives. 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  180. ^ "WH Grindley & Co Ltd, earthenware manufacturers, Tunstall GB/NNAF/C95818". National Register of Archives. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  181. ^ Gibson, Robert (1905). An Old Berwickshire Town. History of the town and parish of Greenlaw, from the earliest times to the present day. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 2–4, 278–298. Edited by Thomas Gibson. Contributions by Professor George Alexander Gibson LL.D. and Rev. Peter Wilson, M.A. 1) There is nothing known of the names of persons in possession till we come down to the twelfth century, when, in a Kelso Abbey charter of date 1180, the name of a William de Grenelaw occurs. This is the first notice of the Greenlaw family, who probably took their surname of Greenlaw from the lands or place, thus intimating their proprietary relation to the lands. This family is not to be mistaken, as it has been, for the family of Patrick, who got from his father Cospatrick, third Earl of Dunbar, the so-called manor of Greenlaw before 1166. 2) Where the surname Greenlaw occurs in the earlier charters, they have mistakenly applied it to Patrick, who got from his father Cospatrick, third Earl of Dunbar, the manor of Greenlaw not later than 1166, and to his son William by his first marriage, and to some supposed members of the family of William, of which family existence it is to be noted there is no evidence, William is supposed by those writers to have used the surname Greenlaw till he acquired the lands of Home, when he assumed the surname of Home from these lands. This belief is due simply to the fact that Patrick and William were holders of Greenlaw lands, and the consequent presumption was that they bore the surname, a presumption that has vitiated all or most that has been written on the question. 3) The surname "de Greenlaw" first occurs in a charter to Kelso Abbey in 1180, to which a William de Greenlaw is witness. This William could not be William, son of Patrick, as the latter died in 1266 (Wood's Peerage). Even had he been alive in 1180 he would not have been of age to witness a deed. This same William de Greenlaw is witness to another charter relating to Kelso Abbey property at Innerwick about 1190 (Charter 143).
  182. ^ Parish of Whickham. Nichols and Son (BHO: British History Online). 1820. Gryndley or Grindlawe, in the Parish of Whickham
  183. ^ a b c Dobson, David (2003). The Scottish Surnames of Colonial America. Clearfield Company. ISBN 9780806352091.
  184. ^ Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1611-18. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1858.
  185. ^ "Sheriff Court Filiation and Aliment Decrees of Scotland". www.oldscottish.com. Elizabeth Greenlee or Grindlay. Scotland
  186. ^ Index to Register of Deeds Preserve in HM General Registry House. Her Majesty's Stationery Office - Scottish Record Office. 1682. Grindlay (Greenlaw or Grinlay)
  187. ^ "Scotland, Select Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950". www.ancestry.com. Ralf Greenlaw or Grindlay
  188. ^ a b "Geneanet". www.geneanet.org. Alison Greenlaw or Grindlay (b.1798) of Fife, Scotland. Daughter of John Greenlaw or Grindly.
  189. ^ a b c d e Fraser Black, George (2022) [1946]. Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning and History. John Donald. ISBN 9781788852968. GREENLAW. The name of an old family in Berwickshire, derived from their lands there. They may have been an offshoot from the Dunbars. William de Grenlawa, c. 1180 (Kelso, 333). An agreement between the abbot of Kelso and Roland de Grenelawe regarding the chapel was made c. 1200 (ibid., 145). Magister William de Grenlau, a churchman, witnessed a charter by Walter, bishop of Glasgow, c. 1208-18 (LCD., p. 236), and in 1221 was one of a number appointed to settle a dispute between the churches of Glasgow and Kelso (REG., 116), and c. 1221-31 witnessed the grant of the church of Lympetlaw to Kelso Abbey (Soltre, p. 25). In 1233 he witnessed resignation of the lands of Eduluestun to the church of Glasgow (REG, p. 140). William of Greenlaw, son of Roland, son of William, witnessed Melrose documents of 1236-37 (Melos, 298, 274), and held lands in Falsington of Robert de Muschamp, part of which he gave to Melrose Abbey before 1247 (ES., I, p. 545n.), in which year he died (Chron. Mail. s.a.). Matheu de Grenlawe fiz William de Grenlawe of Berwickshire and William de Grenlawe of Edinburghshire rendered homage in 1296 (Bain, u, p. 206, 198). William de Grenelawe was clerk to Sir John de Mowbrav in 1306 Abid., 1868), and in 1327 and following years there are records of payment of king's alms to Symon de Grenlaw (ER., I, p. 60, 90, etc.). William de Grenlaw was archdeacon of St. Andrews, 1361 (Cambus, 160). Gilbert de Grenlaw or Grynlaw, canon of Aberdeen, 1386, afterwards bishop of Aberdeen and chancellor of Scotland, died in 1422 (REA., 1, p. xxxiv-vi, 172). Thomas Grenlaw, archdeacon, had a safe conduct in England, 1424 (Bain, IV, 943), Thomas de Grenelawe was bailie of the Temple, 1426 (Egidit, p. 48), Thomas de Grenlaw, vicar of Conveth, was made burgess of Aberdeen, 1439 (NSCM., 1, p. 5), and Thomas Grenlaw was vicar of Erth, 1452 (Pollok, 1, p. 172). Nicholas Grenlaw was rector of Eddilstoun, 1503 (Simon, 64). Grenelaw 1531, Greynlaw 1429, Grinlay 1447, Grinlaw 1484.
  190. ^ "NN Grindlay". www.geni.com. N Grenlaw (c.1520) of Stirling, Scotland; brother of Michael Grindlay (c. 1533) and Alexander Grinla; father of Gilbert Grenlaw (c. 1584), Henrie Grenlaw, William Grenlaw, Patrick Grenlaw and William Grindlay (c.1558); father of Suzanne Grenlaw of Falkrik, Scotland.
  191. ^ "List of Scottish Name Variants". www.scribd.com. ScotsFind LLC. 2008. Greenlaw, Grenelaw, Greynlaw, Grinlay, Grinlaw, Grenle, Grenlie, Grinla, Grinlie, Grinlli.
  192. ^ "Greenlees Grinlay". FamilySearch.org. John Greenlees Grinlay, 1535–1593, of Fife, Scotland. Name Meaning, English: see Grindley.
  193. ^ a b Elven, John Peter (1882). The book of family crests : comprising nearly every family bearing, properly blazoned and explained ... with the surnames of the bearers, alphabetically arranged, a dictionary of mottos, an essay on the origin of arms, crests, etc., and a glossary of terms. Harold B. Lee Library. London : Reeves and Turner.
  194. ^ a b Washbourne, Henry (1861). The Book of mottos, borne by nobility and gentry, public companies, cities, etc. Fraser and Crawford.
  195. ^ "www.scotclans.com".
  196. ^ a b c d Donaldson, Gordon (1949). Publications of the Scottish History Society. Third Series, Volume 17. Accounts of the Collectors of Thirds of Benefices 1561 - 1572 (PDF). Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable Ltd. p. 27. Prebend of Corstorphin called Half Dalmahoy and Half Haltoune, pertaining to Sir John Grenelay, £13,6s.8d.
  197. ^ Transcription of the Ragman Rolls. Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club. 1834. William de Grenlawe del Counte de Edeneburgh; Matheu de Grenlawe fiz William de Grenlawe del Counte de Berewyk
  198. ^ a b A. Hanna, Charles (1902). The Scotch-Irish; or, The Scot in North Britain, north Ireland, and North America. Vol. 2. G P Putnem's Sons. p. 225.
  199. ^ "Ragman Rolls of 1296 and 1291". www.electricscotland.com.
  200. ^ C. H. Harvey, Charles (1930). Calendar of Writs preserved at Yester House, 1166-1625 (PDF). Edinburgh: J. Skinner & Company Ltd.
  201. ^ Foster, Joseph (1882). Collectanea Genealogica: Members of Parliament of Scotland, including the minor Barons, Commissioners for the Shires, and Commissioners for the Burghs. 1357-1882 (PDF) (2nd ed.). Privately printed. p. 163. Greenlaw. George (Girnelaw) 1464, 1467; (? Haddington) 1468, when elected an auditor of complaint 1472 (Girnelaw) 1473 (no burgh named). John (Girnelaw) 1466, when elected an auditor of complaint, 1467 (no [burgh named).
  202. ^ R Stodart, R (1881). Scottish Arms. Being a collection of armorial bearings, A.D. 1370-1678, reproduced in facsimile from contemporary manuscripts, with heraldic and genealogical notes. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Paterson. The surname is taken from Greenlaw, co. Berwick. William de Grenlaw, c. 1190; Roland de Grenelawe entered into an agreement, c. 1200, with the Abbot of Kelso, as to the church of Greenlaw, and, in 1208, was atria Regis at Selkirk. In 1296 William de Grenlawe, and Matthew his son, swore fealty to Edward I. George of Greenlaw sat in parliament 1464-73.
  203. ^ Goodare, Julian (1989). "Parliamentary Taxation in Scotland, 1560-1603". The Scottish Historical Review. 68 (185). Edinburgh University Press: 23–52. JSTOR 25530389 – via JSTOR.
  204. ^ "Scottish History Society Publications - Accounts of the collectors of thirds of benefices, 1561-1572". National Library of Scotland. 2016.
  205. ^ "The Battle of Bothwell Bridge". Historic Environment Scotland.
  206. ^ a b c d e The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club (PDF). Vol. 2nd. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable. 1909. p. 99. Wm. [William] Grindlay in Monkland
  207. ^ a b A cloud of witnesses, for the royal prerogatives of Jesus Christ. 1714. p. 274. Out of the Monklands, William Grinlaw
  208. ^ a b "Orchardfield Estate. The property of George Grindlay's Trust". National Library of Scotland (Estate Maps of Scotland, 1730s - 1950s). The portion of the Grindlay family's Orchardfield Estate put into the George Grindlay Trust following his death.
  209. ^ "www.bellrock.org.uk". Bellrock Lighthouse. Mr Thomas Grindlay, master of the Trinity-house of Leith
  210. ^ Foul Burn Agitation!: Statement Explaining the Nature and History of the Agricultural Irrigation near Edinburgh. John Lindsey & Co. 1840. p. 34. Villas in Restalrig inhabited by persons of respectability. In Restalrig, or immediately adjacent to the village, there have at all times existed villas, or ornamental houses or mansions, of considerable value. One of these styled Marionville, is an elegant villa with a garden extending into the meadow ground...It passed to several respectable persons. Captain Thomas Grindlay purchased it in 1796 for L.1200.
  211. ^ a b c McCrae, Morrice (2010). Simpson: The Turbulent Life of a Medical Pioneer. John Donald, Edinburgh. ISBN 9780857900623. 1. Walter Grindlay, cousin of James Young Simpson (Grandson of Isabella Grindlay). 2. Lady Janet Grindlay staying with family in Fife. 3. The extended Grindlay Simpson family. 4. The Grangemouth and Liverpool based operations of Walter Grindlay.
  212. ^ "The History of Anaesthesia Society Proceedings: Volume 44" (PDF). 2011. p. 144.
  213. ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). London Gazette (29632): 6182. 22 June 1916. Despatch No. IV. John Maxwell (British Army officer). Army Medical Service and Royal Army Medical Corps. No 43124 Qrmr.-Serjt. A. B. Grindlay.
  214. ^ "Medal card of Grindlay, Alexander B Corps: Royal Army Medical Corps Regiment". The National Archives.
  215. ^ "Sir James Gunn (1893-1964) oil on canvas - portrait of a gentleman, Mr Edward Grindlay". www.reemandansie.com. 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2022. Sir James Gunn and Edward 'Teddy' Grindlay met in 1917 when they joined the 10th Scottish Rifles, becoming life long friends and Grindlay, Gunn's patron.
  216. ^ The Monthly Army List. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1915. p. 148. 4th Battalion, The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). The undermentioned to be 2nd Lts. (on prob.) (Gaz. 1 July.) Dated 1 July 1915: Edward Grindlay
  217. ^ Kay, John (1838). A Series of Original Portraits and Caricature Etchings, Volume 2, Part 1. H. Paton, Carver & Gilder. pp. 76–78.
  218. ^ "Portrait of 'Mr. Grinley of Leith'". The British Museum. He is William Grinly, an auctioneer, quartermaster of the Leith Volunteers, embodied in 1795. He was vain of his appearance and was called the Spread Eagle from his rotundity and a strange manner of throwing out his legs and arms in walking. For the Scottish Volunteers.
  219. ^ Lathrop, Alan K (2018). A Surgeon with Stilwell: Dr. John H. Grindlay and Combat Medicine in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. ISBN 9781476673509.
  220. ^ Lathrop, Alan. "Dateline: Burma". Dartmouth Medicine.
  221. ^ "Isa Grindlay Jackson (1884 - 1981)". Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory (CWRC).
  222. ^ "Isa Grindlay Jackson". www.boxofpoems.com.
  223. ^ Extract from Executive Council Chamber, Victoria - Vancouver Election Commissioner. 1923.
  224. ^ "Thomas Maltby Grindley". www.findagrave.com. B. 8 Nov 1864 Isle of Man; D. 20 Oct 1929 (aged 64) Vancouver.
  225. ^ The archbishops: William Warham to Edmund Grindal. The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 12. Canterbury: W Bristow (BHO: British History Online). 1801. pp. 438–462. Archbishop Grindal bore for his arms, granted to him by Dethic, garter king at arms, quarterly, or, and azure, a cross, or, and ermine, in each quarter a dove, or, and azure, counter changed of the field.
  226. ^ a b c d Robson, Thomas (1830). The British Herald or Cabinet of Armorial Bearings of the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Turner & Marwood.
  227. ^ a b Wyat, John (1710). The History of the Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal. London. p. 35.
  228. ^ Parker, John William Robinson (1905). A Calendar of the Lancashire Assize Rolls Preserved in the Public Record. Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire.
  229. ^ Vincent, John A. C. (1893). Lancashire Lay Subsidies (1216-1307). Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire. p. 284.
  230. ^ The Battle Abbley Roll. London: William and Sons. 1889. Greile, or Greilly, as Leland spells it, from Gresille, Anjou. "Albert Greslet, Baron of Manchester under Roger de Poitou, occurs in Domesday (270). The name was often written Gredley, Gridley, and Gresley, but was altogether different from that of Gresley" (see Toesni)
  231. ^ Farrer, William (1901). The Barony of Grelley: The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (PDF). Liverpool Public Library.
  232. ^ Remains Historical & Literary connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester (PDF). Manchester: The Chetham Society. 1872. p. 131.
  233. ^ Collections for a history of Staffordshire: Staffordshire Record Society. Birmingham, England: Houghton and Hammond. 1894. p. 85.
  234. ^ Browne, William (1958). A Dictionary of English Surnames. Routledge.
  235. ^ "Page:The Ancestor Number 1.djvu/259". Wikisource.
  236. ^ Blakeley, Allen. "A Short History of Blackley". Blakeley ONS Gazette in 2002.
  237. ^ André, Davy (2009). Les barons du Cotentin. Eurocibles.
  238. ^ Hibbert, Samuel (1848). History of the foundations in Manchester of Christ's College.
  239. ^ Reilly, John (1859). The people's history of Manchester. John Heywood.
  240. ^ "www.aboutmanchester.com".
  241. ^ "www.manchestercathedral.org". Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  242. ^ a b Butterworth, James (1886). The annals of Manchester: a chronological record from the earliest times to the end of 1885: Manchester Historical Recorder. J. Bradshaw.
  243. ^ a b Madan, Falconer (1899). The Gresleys of Drakelowe: An Account of the Family, and Notes of Its Connexions by Marriage and Descent from the Norman Conquest to the Present Day with Appendixes, Pedigrees and Illustrations. Oxford University Press.
  244. ^ Seary, E. R. (1977). Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland. McGill Queen University Press. ISBN 9780773567412.
  245. ^ Tait, James (1904). Mediaeval Manchester and the Beginnings of Lancashire. Manchester University Press. pp. 120–123.
  246. ^ Whatton, William Robert (1824). Observations on the Armorial Bearings of the town of Manchester and on the Decent of the Baronial Family of Grelley. Manchester: Robinson and Bent.
  247. ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). A Complete Guide to Heraldry. TC & EC Jack.
  248. ^ a b MacVeigh, James (1883). Royal Book of Crests of Great Britain, Ireland and dominion of Canada, India and Australia. Legislative Library of Ontario.
  249. ^ Fairbain, James (1911). Fairbain's Crests of the leading families in Great Britain and Ireland and their kindred in other lands. Heraldic Publishing Company. ISBN 9780343430832.
  250. ^ Wagner, Sir Anthony (1991). Dictionary of British Arms - Medieval Ordinary Vol.I (PDF). The Society of Antiquaries of London. p. 379. William de Grenleye
  251. ^ Charles Fox-Davies, Arthur (1909). "Chapter 7". A Complete Guide to Heraldry. London: T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 70. With regard to the other metal, silver, or, as it is always termed, "argent," the same variation is found in the usage of silver and white in representing argent that we find in yellow and gold, though we find that the use of the actual metal (silver) in emblazonment does not occur to anything like the same extent as does the use of gold. Probably this is due to the practical difficulty that no one has yet discovered a silver medium which does not lose its colour. The use of aluminium was thought to have solved the difficulty, but even this loses its brilliancy, and probably its usage will never be universally adopted.
  252. ^ "Fife Place-Name Data - Kinninmonth". Glasgow University Website.
  253. ^ "Kinninmont". MyClan (www.myclan.com). Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
  254. ^ Fretton, William George (1878). The Forest Of Arden. The Old Cross. pp. 97–105.
  255. ^ Bosworth, Joseph (1858). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford University Press. See An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
  256. ^ Hall, John R. Clark (1916). A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Second ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press: The Macmillan Company.
  257. ^ James Lees-Milne in the 18th edition of Burke's Peerage/Burke's Landed Gentry, volume 1.
  258. ^ Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 334 - 335.
  259. ^ Sir Bernard Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry: Vol.I: Wentworth of Vaucluse: pp.95-97
  260. ^ Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 1, 1509-1514. Appendix: Commissions of the Peace and Miscellaneous. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office (BHO: British History Online). 1920. pp. 1533–1557. John Ernley (Greneley, Erneley)
  261. ^ "Shropshire Archives - The Halston Estate". The National Archives. William Grindley of Whittington, Shropshire holder of lands in Babies Wood (now Babbinswood) and Tymawr.
  262. ^ Index to the Captains Registers of Lloyd's of London (PDF). London Metropolitan Archives. 1. Richard Walter Grindlay (1840). 2. Emmanuel Ernest Grindlay (Liverpool 1845).
  263. ^ Ducatus Lancastriae: Calendar to pleadings, depositions in the reigns of Henr. VII., Henr. VIII., Ed. VI., Queen Mary, and Philip and Mary and to the pleadings of the first thirteen years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth · Volume 3. Record Commission. 1827. p. 209.
  264. ^ a b A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4. London: Victoria County History (BHO: British History Online). 1911. pp. 275–279. Greenlow, or Grindlow, Marsh or Cross appears to have been the land called Withacre or Whitacre.
  265. ^ Carey, John (1798). Cary's New Itinerary: Or, An Accurate Delineation of the Great Roads, Both Direct and Cross, Throughout England and Wales; with Many of the Principal Roads in Scotland. London: Privately Printed.
  266. ^ Kearsley, George (1801). Kearsley's traveller's entertaining guide through Great Britain; or, A description of the principal cross-roads. London. p. 99.
  267. ^ Harper, Charles George (1907). he Manchester and Glasgow Road: This Way to Gretna Green - Vol. I. London to Manchester (PDF). London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. p. 352.
  268. ^ "They came by the 'Grindlay' as Self-funded and as Bounty Immigrants in 1841". In Victoria before 1848.
  269. ^ "Passengers in History: An initiative of the South Australian Maritime Museum". Passengers in History. 21 January 2016.
  270. ^ Tao, Kim (2017). "Meeting the descendants from a disaster at sea". Australian National Maritime Museum.
  271. ^ Blantyre, Eve (1896). Sir James Young Simpson. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier.
  272. ^ "www.chesterwiki.com/Hoole". Chesterwiki.
  273. ^ Gifford, McWilliam, Walker and Wilson (1984). The Buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140710687.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  274. ^ Winder, F A (1899). Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society: Further Notes on the Winders of Lorton - Pedigree of Grindal of St Bees, Cumberland. (Archaeological Data Service Archive - ADS Archive) (PDF). Vol. 15. Highgate, Kendal: T. Wilson. pp. 229–238.
  275. ^ Arthur Shaw, William (1970). A Complete Record from the Earliest Time to the Present Day of the Knights of All the Orders of Chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of Knights Bachelors. Incorporating a Complete List of Knights Bachelors Dubbed in Ireland. Volume 1. Genealogical Publishing Company. pp. 101, 217. ISBN 9780806304434.
  276. ^ "Sir Richard Grindall". Threedecks.org.
  277. ^ "Stone with coat of arms of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury". Lakesguides.co.uk.
  278. ^ "No. 40381". The London Gazette. 11 January 1955. p. 239.
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