Democratic Renewal Party (Brazil)

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Democratic Renewal Party
Partido Renovação Democrática
AbbreviationPRD
PresidentOvasco Resende[1]
Vice PresidentJúnior Marreca[2]
First SecretarySidney Pessoa de Queiroz[2]
Founded26 October 2022; 18 months ago (2022-10-26)
Registered9 November 2023; 5 months ago (2023-11-09)
Merger of
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[7][8][9]
TSE Identification Number25[10][11][12][13][14]
Federal Senate
0 / 81
Chamber of Deputies
5 / 513
Legislative Assemblies[15]
25 / 1,024
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The Democratic Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Renovação Democrática, PRD) is a political party in Brazil, announced on 26 October 2022 as a fusion of Patriota and the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). Both parties didn't reach the electoral threshold in the 2022 general election. Consequently, they would not have access to resources of the partisan budget nor the right of political propaganda in radio and television.[7][10][11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19]

With the fusion, the valid votes of both parties are summed up and the new organization is considered as a party which reached the electoral threshold.[3][10][20][21][22] The merger was approved by the Superior Electoral Court on 9 November 2023.[23]

History[edit]

Party threshold[edit]

Since the 2018 general election, a progressive electoral threshold was established for Brazilian political parties to have access to public partisan budget and propaganda in radio and television.[24]

PTB[edit]

Main article: Brazilian Labour Party (1981) § History

The original PTB was a center-left labourist party with strong support from trade unions founded in 1945 by former Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas, who formerly presided the country from 1930 to 1945. After Vargas suicide in 1954, PTB's main figures became Leonel Brizola and João Goulart, who was elected vice-president in 1960 — becoming president after the resignation of Jânio Quadros — until his deposition after the 1964 coup d'état. After that PTB, along with every other Brazilian party, was banned.[25]

Roberto Jefferson, PTB's long-time party president. Mounting legal issues shortly before the PTB's fusion with Patriota made him lose influence in the party and he was subsequently excluded from holding leadership positions in the new party.[3]

In 1979, the military dictatorship that banned the historical PTB decided to revoke its legislation which enforced a two-party state. Soon thereafter, the social-democratic wing of the original PTB, led by Brizola, attempted to recreate the party, but the military government instead awarded the name to a group led by Ivete Vargas, grand-niece of Getúlio, who became the president of the party. Many of her group were politicians who did not follow PTB's historical labourist ideology, conservatives and even former oppositors of the party, which all but ensured that the new PTB would abandon leftist politics, ultimately embracing centrist or slightly right-leaning politics. Brizola instead led his faction to found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT).[5]

In the 1989, a small dissident faction of moderate social democrats and populists abandoned the PTB and founded the Labour Party of Brazil (PTdoB), which was renamed to Avante in 2017.[26]

With the rise of conservatism and Bolsonarism in Brazil (part of a regional phenomenon known as the 'conservative wave') in 2018, the party started a strong turn to right-wing politics, declaring itself an openly conservative party, supporting the government of Jair Bolsonaro and his positions.[5]

Threshold of PTB[edit]

On 24 October 2022, PTB honorary president, Roberto Jefferson, was arrested after disobeying measures of his home arrest imposed by the Supreme Federal Court. In the occasion, Jefferson engaged in a shootout with Federal Police. Jefferson subsequently lost significant influence in the party.[3]

When the PTB did not reach the threshold in 2022, the parties began rounds of negotiation for a fusion.

Patriota[edit]

Main article: Patriota § History

The party was founded as the National Ecological Party (PEN) in 2011. The party was a centre-right green conservative party, originally meant to attract politician Marina Silva, known for her environmental activism, in case her party Sustainability Network did not get the authorization to take part in the 2014 Brazilian general election. This proposal failed and the party obtained a small quantity of votes in the 2014 elections, while endorsing then presidential candidate Aécio Neves.

The logo of Patriota

In 2017, the PEN changed when Jair Bolsonaro announced he would enter the party, in a bid to run for President of Brazil in the 2018 Brazilian general election. PEN changed its name to Patriota (PATRI) and abandoned its former environmentalist ideals to become a right-wing conservative party pursuing a right-wing populist agenda, influenced by Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 United States presidential election and Brexit. Patriota has renounced its green and pro-ecologist policies in favor of its conservative and nationalist policies; it has maintained and strengthened its religious opposition to abortion, same-sex marriage, and other socially progressive policies.[27]

Cabo Daciolo, a former member of Socialism and Liberty Party, was the party's candidate in 2018.

After an internal conflict, Bolsonaro gave up on joining Patriota and chose to join the Social Liberal Party instead in January 2018. Nevertheless, the party maintained its change of name and ideology, and launched former firefighter and evangelical pastor Cabo Daciolo as their presidential nominee, without partnering with any political party. Daciolo is known for his controversial political views, which include turning Brazil into a Christian theocracy. Daciolo got 1.3% of votes and did not endorse Bolsonaro nor Haddad in the second round.[28]

Threshold of Patriota[edit]

In 2018, Patriota didn't reach the minimum percentage. Consequently, the party absorbed the Progressive Republican Party (PRP).[29] Patriota failed to reach the threshold again in 2022.

Fusion[edit]

On 26 October 2022, the fusion was approved by the national conventions of both parties, having as a requirement the ban on Jefferson and Eduardo Cunha in the new party.[3][30][31]

The merger was approved by the Superior Electoral Court under the Democratic Renewal Party name on 9 November 2023.[23]

Name[edit]

It was originally decided that the new party would be called More Brazil (Portuguese: Mais Brasil) and would use the number 25, previously used by the defunct Democrats (DEM), which fused with the Social Liberal Party (PSL) in 2021 to form the Brazil Union.[10][11][12] However, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) had previously rejected a petition from the Brazilian Woman's Party to change their name to "For More Brazil" (Portuguese: Por Mais Brasil), on the grounds that the name made no distinction from its political-ideological orientation and could cause confusion among voters in relation to the Brazilian state itself,[32][33] so as a preventative measure the party approved the name "Democratic Renewal Party" as a secondary or backup name in case the TSE rejected the original name.[34]

Ideology[edit]

The predecessor parties of the PRD, PTB and Patriota, were conservative and nationalist parties at the time of the merger, even having integralist[8] factions with the arrival of some members of the PTB Brazilian Integralist Front. The parties can be considered as right-wing to far-right.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Partidos políticos registrados no TSE". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Estatuto do partido Mais Brasil (25)" (PDF). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (in Portuguese). p. 49. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Pompeu, Lauriberto (26 October 2022). "PTB aprova fusão com Patriota, mas Roberto Jefferson é vetado no partido". UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "Proposta Patriota". Patriota 51 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Alvim, Mariana (31 January 2018). "De Getúlio Vargas a Cristiane Brasil, como o PTB passou do trabalhismo histórico aos ataques à Justiça do Trabalho". BBC News Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  6. ^ "Do mensalão a 'leão' do bolsonarismo: trajetória de Roberto Jefferson inclui escândalos e apoio a presidentes". Extra (in Portuguese). 23 October 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d Neiva, Lucas (26 October 2022). "PTB e Patriota anunciam fusão, e novo partido terá cinco deputados". Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Bernardo, André (21 August 2021). "Quem são os integralistas, os fascismo brasileiro que mantém seguidores até hoje". BBC News Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  9. ^ a b "PTB de Roberto Jefferson filia integralistas e se consolida na extrema-direita". Carta Capital (in Portuguese). 30 July 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d Lima, Kevin (26 October 2022). "Partidos PTB e Patriota anunciam fusão; nova sigla deve se chamar Mais Brasil". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Pompeu, Lauriberto (26 October 2022). "PTB aprova fusão com Patriota e novo partido vai se chamar Mais Brasil; Jefferson é vetado". Estadão (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b c "PTB e Patriota aprovam fusão e criam Mais Brasil; Jefferson não fará parte". CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). 26 October 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  13. ^ a b Pimentel, Juliana (26 October 2022). "PTB e Patriota anunciam fusão partidária "Mais Brasil"". Poder360 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  14. ^ a b Carmo, Wendal (26 October 2022). "PTB e Patriota aprovam fusão; novo partido se chamará Mais Brasil". Carta Capital (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  15. ^ "Raio-X das eleições: Leia como serão as assembleias em 2023". Poder360 (in Portuguese). 11 October 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  16. ^ Doria, Vinicius (26 October 2022). "PTB e Patriota anunciam fusão e batizam novo partido de 'Mais Brasil'". Correio Braziliense (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  17. ^ "PTB e Patriota anunciam fusão; partido se chamará Mais Brasil". TV Cultura (in Portuguese). 26 October 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  18. ^ Cappelli, Paulo (26 October 2022). "Saiba o nome e número do novo partido com a fusão entre PTB e Patriota". Metrópoles (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  19. ^ Calcagno, Luiz (26 October 2022). "PTB e Patriota crian o Mais Brasil 25 e voltam a ter direito ao fundo eleitoral". R7 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  20. ^ Soares dos Santos, Nielton (26 October 2022). "Mais Brasil 25 será o nome da fusão entre PTB e Patriota". Jornal Opção (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  21. ^ "PTB e Patriota acertam fusão para superar cláusula de barreira". Gazeta do Povo (in Portuguese). 26 October 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  22. ^ Resck, Guilherme (26 October 2022). "Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro aprova fusão com o Patriota". SBT News (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  23. ^ a b "TSE aprova criação do Partido Renovação Democrática (PRD)". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  24. ^ "Emenda Constitucional n° 97, de 4 de outubro de 2017". Palácio do Planalto (in Portuguese). Casa Civil. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  25. ^ Ligia, Ana (24 October 2016). "História do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB)". Estudo Prático.
  26. ^ joaogado (2021-01-18). "Partidos em Números: PTB e Avante". Pindograma. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  27. ^ Góes, Bruno (2017-08-08). "PEN será Patriota para dar candidatura a Jair Bolsonaro". Lauro Jardim - O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  28. ^ Umpieres, Rodrigo (2018-08-09). "Quem é Cabo Daciolo, o candidato nacionalista que quer transformar o Brasil em uma teocracia". InfoMoney. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  29. ^ "Plenário do TSE aprova incorporação do PRP ao Patriota". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (in Portuguese). 28 March 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2022.[permanent dead link]
  30. ^ Rodrigues, Henrique (26 October 2022). "Com Jefferson fora, PTB aprova fusão com o Patriota para não desaparecer". Revista Fórum (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  31. ^ "Ala do PTB quer usar fusão com Patriota para atrair insatisfeitos do PL | Metrópoles". www.metropoles.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  32. ^ "TSE mantém rejeição à mudança de nome do Partido da Mulher Brasileira (PMB)". TSE. 5 April 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  33. ^ "Acordão do TSE no autos nº 0001554-73.2014.6.00.0000". Jus Brasil. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  34. ^ "Nome alternativo do Mais Brasil, caso o TSE indefira o registro do nome Mais Brasil". 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
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