Module de cisaillement Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (août 2019). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Comment ajouter mes sources ? Schéma de principe du cisaillement. En résistance des matériaux, le module de cisaillement, module de glissement, module de rigidité, module de Coulomb ou second coefficient de Lamé, est une grandeur physique intrinsèque à chaque matériau et qui intervient dans la caractérisation des déformations causées par des efforts de cisaillement. La définition du module de rigidité G {\displaystyle G} , parfois aussi noté μ, est G = df τ x y γ x y = F ℓ A Δ x , {\displaystyle G{\overset {\text{df}}{=}}{\dfrac {\tau _{xy}}{\gamma _{xy}}}={\frac {F\ell }{A\Delta x}},} où (voir l'image ci-contre) τ x y = F A {\textstyle \tau _{xy}={\frac {F}{A}}} est la contrainte de cisaillement, F {\displaystyle F} la force, A {\displaystyle A} l'aire sur laquelle la force agit, γ x y = Δ x ℓ = tan ( θ ) {\textstyle \gamma _{xy}={\frac {\Delta x}{\ell }}=\tan(\theta )} le déplacement latéral relatif et θ {\displaystyle \theta } l'écart à l'angle droit, Δ x {\textstyle \Delta x} le déplacement latéral et enfin ℓ {\textstyle \ell } l'épaisseur. Le module de rigidité G {\displaystyle G} , qui a la dimension d'une contrainte ou d'une pression, est généralement exprimé en mégapascals (ou newtons par millimètre carré) ou en gigapascals (ou joules par millimètre cube). À titre d'exemple, pour l'acier, G ≃ {\displaystyle G\simeq } 81 000 MPa = 81 GPa. Dans le cas de matériaux isotropes, il est relié au module d'élasticité E {\displaystyle E} et au coefficient de Poisson ν {\displaystyle \nu } par l'expression : G = E 2 ( 1 + ν ) . {\displaystyle G={\dfrac {E}{2(1+\nu )}}.} Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code] Articles connexes[modifier | modifier le code] Module d'élasticité Module d'inertie Coefficient de Poisson Analyse mécanique dynamique Contrainte de cisaillement Cisaillage v · mModules d'élasticité pour des matériaux homogènes et isotropes Module de Young (E) Module de cisaillement (G) Module d'élasticité isostatique (K) Premier coefficient de Lamé (λ) Coefficient de Poisson (ν) Module d'onde de compression (M, P-wave modulus) Formules de conversion Les propriétés élastiques des matériaux homogènes, isotropes et linéaires sont déterminées de manière unique par deux modules quelconques parmi ceux-ci. Ainsi, on peut calculer chacun à partir de deux d'entre eux en utilisant ces formules. formules en 3D ( λ , G ) {\displaystyle (\lambda ,G)} ( E , G ) {\displaystyle (E,G)} ( K , λ ) {\displaystyle (K,\lambda )} ( K , G ) {\displaystyle (K,G)} ( λ , ν ) {\displaystyle (\lambda ,\nu )} ( G , ν ) {\displaystyle (G,\nu )} ( E , ν ) {\displaystyle (E,\nu )} ( K , ν ) {\displaystyle (K,\nu )} ( K , E ) {\displaystyle (K,E)} ( M , G ) {\displaystyle (M,G)} K [ P a ] = {\displaystyle K\,[\mathrm {Pa} ]=} λ + 2 G 3 {\displaystyle \lambda +{\tfrac {2G}{3}}} E G 3 ( 3 G − E ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {EG}{3(3G-E)}}} λ ( 1 + ν ) 3 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1+\nu )}{3\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 + ν ) 3 ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G(1+\nu )}{3(1-2\nu )}}} E 3 ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{3(1-2\nu )}}} M − 4 G 3 {\displaystyle M-{\tfrac {4G}{3}}} E [ P a ] = {\displaystyle E\,[\mathrm {Pa} ]=} G ( 3 λ + 2 G ) λ + G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(3\lambda +2G)}{\lambda +G}}} 9 K ( K − λ ) 3 K − λ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {9K(K-\lambda )}{3K-\lambda }}} 9 K G 3 K + G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {9KG}{3K+G}}} λ ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}{\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle 2G(1+\nu )\,} 3 K ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle 3K(1-2\nu )\,} G ( 3 M − 4 G ) M − G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(3M-4G)}{M-G}}} λ [ P a ] = {\displaystyle \lambda \,[\mathrm {Pa} ]=} G ( E − 2 G ) 3 G − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(E-2G)}{3G-E}}} K − 2 G 3 {\displaystyle K-{\tfrac {2G}{3}}} 2 G ν 1 − 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G\nu }{1-2\nu }}} E ν ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E\nu }{(1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}}} 3 K ν 1 + ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K\nu }{1+\nu }}} 3 K ( 3 K − E ) 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(3K-E)}{9K-E}}} M − 2 G {\displaystyle M-2G} G [ P a ] = {\displaystyle G\,[\mathrm {Pa} ]=} 3 ( K − λ ) 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3(K-\lambda )}{2}}} λ ( 1 − 2 ν ) 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1-2\nu )}{2\nu }}} E 2 ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{2(1+\nu )}}} 3 K ( 1 − 2 ν ) 2 ( 1 + ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(1-2\nu )}{2(1+\nu )}}} 3 K E 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3KE}{9K-E}}} ν [ 1 ] = {\displaystyle \nu \,[1]=} λ 2 ( λ + G ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda }{2(\lambda +G)}}} E 2 G − 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E}{2G}}-1} λ 3 K − λ {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda }{3K-\lambda }}} 3 K − 2 G 2 ( 3 K + G ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K-2G}{2(3K+G)}}} 3 K − E 6 K {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K-E}{6K}}} M − 2 G 2 M − 2 G {\displaystyle {\tfrac {M-2G}{2M-2G}}} M [ P a ] = {\displaystyle M\,[\mathrm {Pa} ]=} λ + 2 G {\displaystyle \lambda +2G} G ( 4 G − E ) 3 G − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G(4G-E)}{3G-E}}} 3 K − 2 λ {\displaystyle 3K-2\lambda \,} K + 4 G 3 {\displaystyle K+{\tfrac {4G}{3}}} λ ( 1 − ν ) ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda (1-\nu )}{\nu }}} 2 G ( 1 − ν ) 1 − 2 ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G(1-\nu )}{1-2\nu }}} E ( 1 − ν ) ( 1 + ν ) ( 1 − 2 ν ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E(1-\nu )}{(1+\nu )(1-2\nu )}}} 3 K ( 1 − ν ) 1 + ν {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(1-\nu )}{1+\nu }}} 3 K ( 3 K + E ) 9 K − E {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3K(3K+E)}{9K-E}}} formules en 2D ( λ 2 D , G 2 D ) {\displaystyle (\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} },G_{\mathrm {2D} })} ( E 2 D , G 2 D ) {\displaystyle (E_{\mathrm {2D} },G_{\mathrm {2D} })} ( K 2 D , λ 2 D ) {\displaystyle (K_{\mathrm {2D} },\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} })} ( K 2 D , G 2 D ) {\displaystyle (K_{\mathrm {2D} },G_{\mathrm {2D} })} ( λ 2 D , ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle (\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} },\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })} ( G 2 D , ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle (G_{\mathrm {2D} },\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })} ( E 2 D , ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle (E_{\mathrm {2D} },\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })} ( K 2 D , ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle (K_{\mathrm {2D} },\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })} ( K 2 D , E 2 D ) {\displaystyle (K_{\mathrm {2D} },E_{\mathrm {2D} })} ( M 2 D , G 2 D ) {\displaystyle (M_{\mathrm {2D} },G_{\mathrm {2D} })} K 2 D [ N / m ] = {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {2D} }\,[\mathrm {N/m} ]=} λ 2 D + G 2 D {\displaystyle \lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }+G_{\mathrm {2D} }} G 2 D E 2 D 4 G 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G_{\mathrm {2D} }E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{4G_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} λ 2 D ( 1 + ν 2 D ) 2 ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}{2\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} G 2 D ( 1 + ν 2 D ) 1 − ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {G_{\mathrm {2D} }(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}{1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} E 2 D 2 ( 1 − ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{2(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}}} M 2 D − G 2 D {\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {2D} }-G_{\mathrm {2D} }} E 2 D [ N / m ] = {\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {2D} }\,[\mathrm {N/m} ]=} 4 G 2 D ( λ 2 D + G 2 D ) λ 2 D + 2 G 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4G_{\mathrm {2D} }(\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }+G_{\mathrm {2D} })}{\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }+2G_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 4 K 2 D ( K 2 D − λ 2 D ) 2 K 2 D − λ 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4K_{\mathrm {2D} }(K_{\mathrm {2D} }-\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} })}{2K_{\mathrm {2D} }-\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 4 K 2 D G 2 D K 2 D + G 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4K_{\mathrm {2D} }G_{\mathrm {2D} }}{K_{\mathrm {2D} }+G_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} λ 2 D ( 1 + ν 2 D ) ( 1 − ν 2 D ) ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}{\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 2 G 2 D ( 1 + ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle 2G_{\mathrm {2D} }(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })\,} 2 K 2 D ( 1 − ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle 2K_{\mathrm {2D} }(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })} 4 G 2 D ( M 2 D − G 2 D ) M 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4G_{\mathrm {2D} }(M_{\mathrm {2D} }-G_{\mathrm {2D} })}{M_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} λ 2 D [ N / m ] = {\displaystyle \lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }\,[\mathrm {N/m} ]=} 2 G 2 D ( E 2 D − 2 G 2 D ) 4 G 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G_{\mathrm {2D} }(E_{\mathrm {2D} }-2G_{\mathrm {2D} })}{4G_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} K 2 D − G 2 D {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {2D} }-G_{\mathrm {2D} }} 2 G 2 D ν 2 D 1 − ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G_{\mathrm {2D} }\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}{1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} E 2 D ν 2 D ( 1 + ν 2 D ) ( 1 − ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E_{\mathrm {2D} }\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}{(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}}} 2 K 2 D ν 2 D 1 + ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2K_{\mathrm {2D} }\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}{1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 2 K 2 D ( 2 K 2 D − E 2 D ) 4 K 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2K_{\mathrm {2D} }(2K_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} })}{4K_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} M 2 D − 2 G 2 D {\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {2D} }-2G_{\mathrm {2D} }} G 2 D [ N / m ] = {\displaystyle G_{\mathrm {2D} }\,[\mathrm {N/m} ]=} K 2 D − λ 2 D {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {2D} }-\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }} λ 2 D ( 1 − ν 2 D ) 2 ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}{2\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} E 2 D 2 ( 1 + ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{2(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}}} K 2 D ( 1 − ν 2 D ) 1 + ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {K_{\mathrm {2D} }(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}{1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} K 2 D E 2 D 4 K 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {K_{\mathrm {2D} }E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{4K_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} ν 2 D [ 1 ] = {\displaystyle \nu _{\mathrm {2D} }\,[1]=} λ 2 D λ 2 D + 2 G 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }}{\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }+2G_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} E 2 D 2 G 2 D − 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{2G_{\mathrm {2D} }}}-1} λ 2 D 2 K 2 D − λ 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }}{2K_{\mathrm {2D} }-\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} K 2 D − G 2 D K 2 D + G 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {K_{\mathrm {2D} }-G_{\mathrm {2D} }}{K_{\mathrm {2D} }+G_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 2 K 2 D − E 2 D 2 K 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2K_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{2K_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} M 2 D − 2 G 2 D M 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {M_{\mathrm {2D} }-2G_{\mathrm {2D} }}{M_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} M 2 D [ N / m ] = {\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {2D} }\,[\mathrm {N/m} ]=} λ 2 D + 2 G 2 D {\displaystyle \lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }+2G_{\mathrm {2D} }} 4 G 2 D 2 4 G 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4G_{\mathrm {2D} }^{2}}{4G_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 2 K 2 D − λ 2 D {\displaystyle 2K_{\mathrm {2D} }-\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }} K 2 D + G 2 D {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {2D} }+G_{\mathrm {2D} }} λ 2 D ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {\lambda _{\mathrm {2D} }}{\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 2 G 2 D 1 − ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2G_{\mathrm {2D} }}{1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} E 2 D ( 1 − ν 2 D ) ( 1 + ν 2 D ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {E_{\mathrm {2D} }}{(1-\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })(1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} })}}} 2 K 2 D 1 + ν 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2K_{\mathrm {2D} }}{1+\nu _{\mathrm {2D} }}}} 4 K 2 D 2 4 K 2 D − E 2 D {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4K_{\mathrm {2D} }^{2}}{4K_{\mathrm {2D} }-E_{\mathrm {2D} }}}} Portail de la physique Portail des sciences des matériaux
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