Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus
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| Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus is a skin condition caused by fibroblasts producing abnormally large amounts of mucopolysaccharides characterized by the occurrence of waxy, flesh-colored papules.[1]: 185 [2]
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus is typically identified by the presence of violaceous, flesh-colored, or reddish, waxy papules that range in size from 2 to 5 mm and that symmetrically affect the trunk and limbs.[3]
Causes[edit]
This disease's etiology is still unknown.[4]
Diagnosis[edit]
Histologically, a normal epidermis is covered by a diffuse or focal mucinous deposit and edema in the upper and mid dermis. Although there isn't any sclerosis or collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation varies.[3]
Treatment[edit]
Numerous therapies have been attempted, with varying degrees of success, such as dermabrasion, CO2 laser, intralesional injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronidase, oral retinoids, psoralen ultraviolet A, and pimecrolimus.[5] Given its ability to inhibit both tumor necrosis factor-a and transforming growth factor-b, thus decreasing the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by fibroblasts, topical tacrolimus 0.1% has recently been proposed as an effective substitute.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ a b Hadj, Iman; Gallouj, Salim; Meziane, Mariame; Mernissi, Fatima Zahra (2014). "Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus: a rare entity or an under- diagnosed disease ?". Pan African Medical Journal. 19: 180. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.19.180.5389. ISSN 1937-8688. PMC 4366121. PMID 25815101.
- ^ Rongioletti, Franco; Rebora, Alfredo (2001). "Updated classification of papular mucinosis, lichen myxedematosus, and scleromyxedema". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 44 (2). Elsevier BV: 273–281. doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.111630. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 11174386.
- ^ Concheiro, J.; Pérez-Pérez, L.; Peteiro, C.; Labandeira, J.; Toribio, J. (2009). "Discrete papular lichen myxoedematosus: a rare subtype of cutaneous mucinosis". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 34 (8). Oxford University Press (OUP): e608–e610. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03294.x. ISSN 0307-6938. PMID 19486062. S2CID 20660876.
- ^ Rongioletti, Franco; Zaccaria, Elisa; Cozzani, Emanuele; Parodi, Aurora (2008). "Treatment of localized lichen myxedematosus of discrete type with tacrolimus ointment". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 58 (3). Elsevier BV: 530–532. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.021. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 18280368.