List of attacks on diplomatic missions

The following is a list of attacks on diplomatic buildings (embassies, consulates) anywhere in the world. The list does not include attacks on individuals outside or inside an embassy, such as assassinations of ambassadors, or incidents such as letter bombs to individuals.

List

[edit]
Year Date Diplomatic mission Location country Location city Deaths Injuries Details
1829 February 11  Russia Persia Tehran 4+ Death of Aleksander Griboyedov
1900 June 20 – August 14 Legation Quarter (multinational) China Beijing 68 Siege of the International Legations during the Boxer Rebellion
1918 August 31 UK  Russia Moscow 4+ Bolshevik raid on British embassy for sake of "Lockhart Plot" prevention leaves Francis Cromie and more dead.[1]
1924 July 18 United States Persia Tehran 1 0 Muslim clerics and soldiers of the Iranian military beat Robert Whitney Imbrie, United States consul in Tehran after it was incorrectly believed that he poisoned a well.[2]
1926 May 16 Argentina Buenos Aires 0 0[3] Bombing following the trial and executions of Sacco and Vanzetti.[4]
June 4 Uruguay Montevideo 0 0
1927 March 24 UK China Nanking Nanking Incident
Japan
United States
April 6 Soviet Union China Peking On April 6, with support from other foreign diplomatic missions, Zhang Zuolin ordered policemen and gendarmeries stormed and invaded the Soviet embassy in Peking to arrest Li Dazhao and his family, as Li was accused of overthrowing government backed by Soviet Union. Li Dazhao was sentenced to death later, and his family members were released shortly after Li was executed.[5][6]
1937 UK Spain Valencia Aerial bombings by Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War damaged the British Embassy and destroyed the Paraguayan consulate.[7]
Paraguay
1941 United Kingdom Spain Madrid On June 24, in the days following Nazi Germany's declaration of war on the Soviet Union, members of the Falange stormed the British Embassy with a truck-load of stones at their disposal. Embassy staff as well as 16 escaped POWs prevented an attempted break in by the Falangists. The Spanish dictator Francisco Franco dismissed the incident as a "trivial matter concerning young hotheads" in response to a protest by the British ambassador Sir Samuel Hoare.[8][9][10][11]
1946 Italy Rome Irgun campaign; British Embassy bombing
1947 September 27 Sweden Mandate for Palestine Jerusalem 0 0 A bomb exploded at the gate of the Swedish consulate in Jerusalem. The explosion caused some minor damage to the building. No people were injured. The police suspected that the bomb was placed by a Jewish or Arab individual who was angered by the proposal for the partition of Palestine developed under the chairmanship of the Swede Emil Sandström by the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine.[12]
1951 February 19 Soviet Union Albania Tirana 0 Bombing led to the Massacre of 1951 in Albania
1952 January 26 Sweden Egypt Cairo 0 0 In what became known as the Cairo fire on January 26, 1952, the two-story Swedish consulate general in Cairo was completely destroyed after being stormed, looted, and set on fire by rebellious crowds. Consul General Erik Ekberg and an Egyptian office assistant were in the building, but no one was harmed.[13]
November 8 and December 5 Czechoslovakia Israel Tel Aviv 0 Perpetrated by the Tzrifin Underground in response to the persecution of Jews in Czechoslovakia.[14]
1953 February 9 Soviet Union Israel Tel Aviv 0 3 Perpetrated by the Tzrifin Underground in response to the Doctors' plot and other incidents of persecution in the Eastern Bloc.[15]
1955 February 14–16 Romania  Switzerland Bern 0 1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern
1957 May 24 United States Republic of China Taipei 3 38 May 24 incident
1958 July 27 Republic of China Turkey Ankara 0 0 Bombs exploded at the Chinese Embassy compound and a Chinese school. The bombings caused minor damage to both places.[16]
1961 October 1 Peru Venezuela Caracas Eight Venezuelans, five of whom escaped from a military hospital at gunpoint accompanied by three armed accomplices who joined them outside, sought asylum in the embassy, being forced out of the colonial building by the local police and army, ending in a shootout that continued inside the embassy. Amid the confusion, press attaché Guillermo O'Haggen was dragged out to the embassy's garden by various officers through a broken window, while Panamanian citizen Raúl Rodríguez was detained when leaving the embassy. Peruvian ambassador Pedro Ugarteche y Tizón protested the events the following day.[17]
1962 January 22 United States Venezuela Caracas 0 0 Several bombs were detonated in Caracas, including one in the United States embassy.[18]
November 28 Yugoslavia West Germany Bonn 1 1 Attack by Croatian Crusader Brotherhood.[19]
1963 September 16 United Kingdom Indonesia Jakarta 0 0 Mob attack burnt the embassy and smashed all its windows.[20]
1964 March 5 and 8 United States Gabon Libreville 0 0 1964 United States Embassy in Libreville bombings
March 18 Morocco Soviet Union Moscow 0 0 1964 Moscow protest
June 30 Philippines South Vietnam Saigon Bombing[21]
1965 March 30 United States 22 188 30 March 1965 Saigon Embassy bombing
1966 August 30 Yugoslavia West Germany Stuttgart 1 0 Attack by Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood.[19][22]
September 22 Cuba Canada Ottawa 0 0 (See: Embassy of Cuba, Ottawa)
September 24 Portugal Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa 0 3 Rioters sack the embassy and assault three staff members in a 20-minute rampage.[23]
December 20 United States Yugoslavia Zagreb [24]
1967 January 1 Yugoslavia Australia Sydney [25]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia United States San Francisco 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[26][25] Explosion went off at 12:55 AM in walkway between the consulate and home of Richard Stockton Rush Jr. (father of Richard Stockton Rush III), blowing holes in the walls of both the consulate where caretaker Mihailo Simić and his wife were sleeping and the very room in which 6-year-old Catherine Rush was sleeping.[24]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia United States New York 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[26] The bomb was pushed under a locked iron grillwork fence to explode in a stairway.[24][25]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia United States Chicago 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[26][25] Perpetrated by Miomir Radovanović and Dragiša Kašiković. Left a crater in the backyard.[24] In response, the FBI had Serbian flyers condemning the bombings distributed in Chicago.[27]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia United States Washington, D.C. 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[24][28][26] Shattered 30 windows, blew a hole in the wall, left a three-foot crater in the ground.[25]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia Canada Toronto 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[28] The front door of the consulate was nearly blown off.[24][25]
January 28–30 Yugoslavia Canada Ottawa 0 0 Synchronized bombing.[28][25]
Soviet Union China Beijing See: Chinese Cultural Revolution[29]
August United Kingdom
June Libya Benghazi American and British embassies were attacked and burned by rioters after false rumors spread in the city that the United States had bombed Cairo. This incident occurred at the start of the Six-Day War.[30]
United States
September 19 Republic of China South Vietnam Saigon 0 12 Bombing[31]
October China Indonesia Jakarta 0 0 Aftermath of the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966. Diplomatic relations with People's Republic of China severed.[32]
November 29 Yugoslavia Australia Melbourne 0 1 Bombing.[19]
1968 January 31 United States South Vietnam Saigon 5 Tet offensive attack on US Embassy
February 21 Soviet Union United States Washington D.C. 0 0 [33]
October Singapore Indonesia Jakarta Ransacked in reaction to Singapore's execution of two Indonesia marines responsible for the MacDonald House bombing.[34]
Philippines Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Due to the North Borneo dispute[35]
1969 Soviet Union China Beijing Due to the Sino-Soviet border conflict
June Yugoslavia Australia Sydney Bombing.[36]
November Canberra Gelignite bombing.[36]
1970 October 21 Melbourne Bombing.[19][36]
1971 United States Khmer Republic Phnom Penh [37]
February 10 Yugoslavia Sweden Gothenburg 0 0 Two Croatian emigres seized the Yugoslav consulate in demanding the release of prisoners held in Yugoslav jails, only to surrender to authorities after their demands were refused.
April 7 Yugoslavia Sweden Stockholm 1 0 The 1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting. Ambassador Vladimir Rolović was killed in the attack by Croatian National Resistance.
1972 February 2 UK Ireland Dublin 0 20 (See: Bloody Sunday (1972) and Burning of British Embassy, Dublin)[38]
February 17 Yugoslavia Australia Perth Armed assault.[19][39]
April 4 Cuba Canada Montreal 1 7 Bombing of Cuban trade offices in Montreal.
December 28 Czechoslovakia Thailand Bangkok 0
China Philippines Manila 0 1 Attacked by suspected British soldiers.
1973 March 1 Saudi Arabia Sudan Khartoum 3 Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
December 14 Algeria France Marseille 4 23 Algerian consulate bombing in Marseille
1974 February 7 Japan Kuwait Kuwait City 0 1974 attack on the Japanese Embassy in Kuwait
August 19 United States Cyprus Nicosia 2 0 TMT attack
September 13 France Netherlands The Hague 0 1974 French Embassy attack in The Hague
1975 April 24 West Germany Sweden Stockholm 4 West German Embassy siege
April 29 Israel South Africa Johannesburg 4 82 1975 Fox Street siege: David Protter, a South African Jew, seized about 20–30 hostages at the Israeli Consulate General where he worked as a security officer. The consulate was on the 5th-floor of an office building in downtown Johannesburg. After killing two consulate employees Protter – armed with two Uzi submachine guns, eleven pistols, a .22 pellet gun and about 2 000 rounds of ammunition – opened fire on pedestrians and motorists in Fox and Von Brandis Streets, killing 2 and wounding 82. He surrendered to police early the next morning (30 April), 19 hours after taking over the consulate.
Egypt Spain Madrid Ambassador Mahmoud Abdul Ghaffer, as well as the consul and the press attaché of the embassy of Egypt in Madrid were held at gunpoint by unaffiliated Palestinian militants at the embassy. The group left via a plane headed to Algiers, alongside the ambassadors of Algeria (Jaled Jelladi) and Iraq (Hassan Al-Naklb), who requested to accompany Ghaffer. All hostages and perpetrators were released at Algiers–Dar El Beïda International Airport.[40]
August 4 United States Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1975 AIA building hostage crisis
September 27 Spain Portugal Lisbon Attacked by far left activists in response to the execution of far left activists by the Spanish state.
December 4–19 Indonesia Netherlands Amsterdam 1 1975 Indonesian consulate hostage crisis
1976 17 February China Venezuela Caracas 0 0
April 22 Cuba Portugal Lisbon 2 Attack by far right terrorists.
1977 April 16 West Germany Israel Tel Aviv 0 0 Two Israelis occupied part of the West German Embassy in Tel Aviv to protest the slowness of a trial of former Nazis in Dusseldorf.
August 18 Sweden Tunisia Tunis 0 0 The Swedish embassy in Tunis was set on fire by a Tunisian man who had previously lived in Sweden and wanted to return there. When he was not allowed to do so, he decided to retaliate by setting the embassy on fire. A few days earlier, the man had vandalized a business and was then admitted to a mental hospital. He escaped from there. The man had a knife during the attack on the embassy. When the police apprehended him, he attempted to take his own life.[41]
November 18 Egypt Greece Athens 1 A group of Arab students stormed the Egyptian embassy in Athens to protest Egyptian president Anwar Sadat's historic trip to Jerusalem. Embassy guards opened fire on the protesters.[42][43]
November 18 Lebanon Beirut 1 8 A rocket fired at the Egyptian Embassy killed one security guard and wounded two other guards and six soldiers from Saudi Arabia. This incident was in response to Egyptian president Anwar Sadat's historic trip to Jerusalem.[42][43]
1978 July 31 Iraq France Paris 2 4 Two gunmen attacked the Iraqi Embassy in Paris, but one of them fled during the attack. The lone gunman was persuaded to release his eight hostages and surrender after eight hours. As he was being led away, Iraqi guards opened fire, wounding the gunman and killing one policeman. Police returned fire, killing one of the Iraqis and wounding three others.[44]
December 11 West Germany Israel Tel Aviv 0 0 Three Israeli gunmen seized the West German Embassy and Culture Centre in Tel Aviv. They demanded the abolition of the West German statute of limitations whereby those accused of war crimes could not be tried after 1978.
1979 February 14 United States Iran Tehran 0 1 Kenneth Kraus was the first of the Iran hostages[45]
May 4 Costa Rica El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 Four armed members of the Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR) seized the Costa Rican embassy, taking five persons hostage. The hostages escaped on May 9, but the group continued to hold the embassy until they were granted safe passage to Costa Rica.[44]
May 4 France 0 1 Sixteen armed members of the Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR) seized the French embassy, taking six persons hostage. Granted political asylum in Mexico, the militants released the hostages on June 1.[44]
May 11 Venezuela El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 Nine armed members of the Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR) seized the Venezuelan embassy, taking eight persons hostage. On May 20, the ambassador and four staff members escaped. The group continued to hold the embassy until June 1, when they were granted safe passage to Mexico.[44]
May 15 South Africa El Salvador San Salvador 2 0 Eight members of the Farabundo Marti Popular Liberation Forces attempted to seize the South African embassy. The attackers were repulsed after a gun battle with police which left two policemen dead. All of the attackers escaped.[44]
May 18 Cuba United States Washington D.C. Bomb detonated by Omega 7[46]
June 26 Mexico Guatemala Guatemala City 0 0 Guatemalan workers seized the Mexican embassy, taking the ambassador and 15-20 others hostage.[44]
July 14 Egypt Turkey Ankara 3 Four terrorists from the group Eagles of the Palestinian Revolution seized the Egyptian embassy in Ankara and held a number of diplomats, including the ambassador, hostage for two days.[47][48]
October 30 United States El Salvador San Salvador 0 2 Approximately 300 armed leftists attempted to storm the American embassy. U.S Marine guards and local police forces drove back the attackers.[44]
October 31 Guatemala El Salvador San Salvador 0 Unknown A group of unknown attackers attempted to seize the Guatemalan embassy, but were driven back by security forces after a ten-minute battle.[44]
November 4 United States Iran Tehran 9 Iran Hostage Crisis
November 21 United States Pakistan Islamabad 6 70+ 1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad
December 2 United States Libya Tripoli 0 0 1979 United States embassy burning in Libya
1980 January 11 Panama El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 Approximately 50 leftist militants of the 28 February Popular League seized the Panamanian embassy, taking seven hostages, including the Panamanian and Costa Rican ambassadors.[44]
January 31 Spain Guatemala Guatemala City 36 2 Burning of the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala
February 4 Spain El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 About 30 members of the 28 February Popular League seized the Spanish embassy, taking eleven hostages, including the Spanish ambassador.[44]
February 13 Panama El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 A group of leftist militants seized the Panamanian embassy for the second time in a month, taking three hostages, including the Panamanian ambassador.[44]
February 27 – April 27 Dominican Republic Colombia Bogotá 1 1980 Dominican Republic Embassy siege in Bogotá
February 28 El Salvador Panama Panama City 0 0 A group of 17 Panamanian student militants briefly took over the Salvadoran embassy to demand the release of imprisoned comrades.[44]
April 1 Peru Cuba Havana 1 2 Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980
April 30 – May 5 Iran United Kingdom London 7 Iranian Embassy siege
May 20 Nicaragua Peru Lima 0 1 A security guard was attacked and his submachine gun stolen, the first attack of its type in the country.[49]
1981 March 26 United States El Salvador San Salvador 0 0 Gunmen attacked the United States embassy with rocket-propelled grenades and submachine guns, extensively damaging the building.
July 10 China Peru Lima 0 0 A bomb exploded at the Chinese embassy's garden as part of a series of attacks that also targeted a local headquarters of the Acción Popular political party and the Caja Municipal de Crédito bank at the corner of Piérola and Grau avenues.[49]
August 31 United States 2[50] A bomb exploded in front of the U.S. embassy at Wilson Avenue and at the residence's main yard in Arequipa Avenue, located a few blocks away, as part of a series of attacks that also targeted factories of American companies, as well as a branch of the Bank of America.[49][51] The Argentine embassy was also attacked.[52]
Argentina
September 4 Yugoslavia 0 0 An attempt was made to bomb the embassy.[52]
September 24–25 Turkey France Paris 1 Turkish consulate attack in Paris
December 15 Iraq Lebanon Beirut 61 100+ Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
1982 May 24 France Beirut 14 22 Car bombing of the French embassy in Beirut. The Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners claimed responsibility.[53]
July 24 United States Peru Lima The embassy was attacked with dynamite as part of a series of attacks that included company headquarters.[49][52][51]
July 26 United Kingdom The residence of the British ambassador was attacked with dynamite alongside the offices of newspaper La Prensa and Bayer, a mall, Hans Christian Andersen school and the Coliseo Amauta, which was then hosting Miss Universe 1982.[49]
September 6 Poland  Switzerland Bern 1982 seizure of the Polish embassy in Bern
October 28 India Peru Lima 1 Four armed men shot and killed a guard at the embassy.[51]
October 29 United States 0 0 Reports of the midday attack vary between a gunfight between six gunmen (four men in a small car and two on motorcycles) and six members of the Civil Guard, and one attacker without the exchange of gunfire. Ambassador Frank Ortiz was not at the residence at the time.[51]
December 8 South Africa Lesotho Maseru 3 Unknown ANC guerillas attack the South African embassy.
December 23 Israel Australia Sydney Sydney Israeli Consulate and Hakoah Club bombings
Soviet Union Afghanistan Kabul
1983 February 23 Nicaragua Peru Lima 1 0 Civil Guard Evert Medrano was shot to death by three suspects while guarding the embassy, who took his submachine gun and escaped in a cream Volkswagen vehicle.[49][52]
April 18 United States Lebanon Beirut 64 1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut
July 27 Turkey Portugal Lisbon 7 1983 Turkish embassy attack in Lisbon
August 27 Philippines United States Washington, D.C. 0 Three unidentified men hurled home made bombs into the lobby of the embassy.[54]
November 10 Honduras Peru Lima 0 0 The Honduran and U.S. embassies were attacked with dynamite between 8:40 and 9:30 p.m. Honduran ambassador Leiva and his son Yuri were at the chancery's lobby in Dos de Mayo Avenue when the explosives were thrown. Other attacks took place on the same night.[55][52]
United States
December 12 France Kuwait Kuwait City 0 1983 Kuwait bombings
December 12 China 6
1984 May 5 United States Peru Lima The residence of the U.S. ambassador was attacked alongside a water treatment plant and a power station.[49][52]
July 11 Libya Lebanon Beirut 0 0 Done in protest of a visit by Libya's foreign minister.[56]
September 16 West Germany Peru Lima 0 0 An assassination attempt was made on the Civil Guard that was guarding the embassy.[49][52]
September 20 United States Lebanon Beirut 24 1984 United States embassy annex bombing in Beirut
September 28 Peru Lima Three MRTA members located at the Parque Neptuno, 120 metres from the embassy, shot at its façade at night with FN FAL rifles in response to comments made by then President Fernando Belaúnde during the United Nations General Assembly. Four arrests were made on the same day, with Belaúnde referring to the events as "criminal and cowardly."[49][52]
November 26 Colombia Bogotá 1 7 A bomb exploded on the street adjacent to the embassy, killing one Colombian woman. Drug traffickers were believed to be responsible.[57][58]
December 26 China Peru Lima Explosives were thrown at the embassy and a restaurant.[52]
1985 January 17 Chile 0 0 An assassination attempt was made on the Civil Guard that was guarding the embassy.[49][52]
March 12 Turkey Canada Ottawa 1 1985 attack on Turkish embassy in Ottawa
May 15 United States Peru Lima 0 0 The terrorist group Shining Path bombed a number of targets in Lima, including the Soviet and Chinese embassies. Two sticks of dynamite were thrown over the wall of the U.S. ambassador's residence, causing no injuries.[58][59][49] Two police stations were also bombed.[52]
China
Soviet Union
May 16 Colombia A bomb was detonated at the embassy.[52]
May 20 Molotov cocktails were thrown at the embassy.[52]
July 14 United States 0 0 The U.S. consulate in Miraflores was shot at with submachine guns.[49]
November 9 The embassy was shot at from two cars.[52]
November 13 Colombia 1 0 A Civil Guard that was guarding the embassy (also reported as the consulate) was fatally shot in the head by MRTA members. Afterwards, the offices the Banco de Desarrollo in Juan de Arona avenue and that of Avianca, both in San Isidro were attacked, with graffiti against Belisario Betancur being painted on the latter's walls, all in response to the killing of M-19 guerrilla members in Bogotá.[49][52]
1986 February 2 United States A number of embassies were attacked with dynamite, as well as a number of government and private offices, including that of Xinhua News Agency.[52]
Spain
India
United Kingdom
Chile
West Germany
Argentina
April 3 Colombia The embassy was attacked with dynamite, alongside offices belonging to ICPNA, IBM, APRA and Citibank, two Sears bank agencies, the LaSalle School, and a store.[52]
April 9-? Nigeria Philippines Makati 0 100 Nigerian students seized and occupied the Nigerian embassy for days to protest alleged neglect of the diplomatic mission over their plight
April 11 United States Peru Lima Explosive devices were thrown at the U.S. and Venezuelan embassies at 10:45 p.m. as part of a series of nine attacks.[49][52]
Venezuela
April 15 France Libya Tripoli During 1986 United States bombing of Libya
April 21 United States Peru Lima A car bomb placed by MRTA operatives and armed with 40 kg of dynamite destroyed the vehicle and parts of the back wall of the ambassador's residence, exploding five minutes after the end of curfew, in response to U.S. actions in Libya and in Nicaragua.[49][52]
June 22 Honduras MRTA bombing carried out in rejection of a "submissive government" and "complicit" with the Reagan administration.[52]
July 4 China The two embassies were attacked with dynamite, alongside the Soviet–Peruvian Cultural Centre and a monument to John F. Kennedy.[52]
Italy
July 7 Soviet Union 1 0 1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima
September 18 Chile 0 0 At 5:45 a.m., three members of the MRTA aboard a red Toyota threw dynamite at the main gate of the embassy, destroying it, with debris impacting the Los Ficus building, located nearby. The date was chosen due to it being the country's national holiday, with the fugitives throwing papers denouncing Augusto Pinochet's "fascist dictatorship."[60] The ambassador's residence was also attacked.[52]
September 26 Bolivia The embassy was attacked by the People's Revolutionary Command (Spanish: Comando revolucionario del pueblo).[52]
October 2 Egypt Spain Madrid 0 0 A shooting took place at embassy, then located at 60 Velázquez Street, between security personnel and militants who entered through a window, with no injuries.[61]
November China Indonesia Jakarta Japanese Red Army attack
November Canada Indonesia Jakarta Japanese Red Army attack
November United States Portugal Lisbon Forças Populares 25 de Abril attack
November 23 Turkey Australia Melbourne 1 1986 Turkish consulate bombing in Melbourne
1987 January 26 India Peru Lima 3 The embassy in Miraflores was attacked between 2 and 5 p.m. with grenades and submachine guns during an official visit of then president Alan García to the Asian country as part of a series of attacks in different parts of the city. Earlier on the same day, newspapers announced that the government had extended its state of emergency for another 30 days. Civil Guards Segundo Rufasto Alarcón, Luis Salas and alférez Francisco Flores were killed during the attack.[49][52]
May 4 United States A shootout took place near the U.S. ambassador's residence, at Petit Thouars Avenue. One of several shootings, some 15 explosions also took place, leaving nine departments in a blackout.[49][52]
April 30 North Korea 0 2 1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima
June[62] United States Italy Rome (See: Japanese Red Army)
United Kingdom
Kuwait Iran Tehran In response to the 1987 Mecca Massacre
Saudi Arabia
September 11 South Korea Peru Lima 0 0 The embassy was attacked alongside two police stations and two electrical centres.[52]
October 8 Bolivia High-potency explosives were used against diplomatic missions of the U.S. and Bolivia, the former being the consulate in Miraflores.[49][52]
United States
October 10 Soviet Union 0 0 Two Civil Guards that were guarding the embassy were unsuccessfully targeted by terrorists.[49][52]
November 18 United States 5 The embassy was attacked alongside a hotel, civil guards posted near the Ministry of Health, and a Nissan manufacturing plant, where one worker and four terrorists were killed.[52]
1988
June 9 0 0 The residence of then ambassador Alexander Watson was shot at twice with homemade mortars mounted on vehicles by alleged MRTA members, who slightly damaged the building.[49]
October 2 Two men were arrested while two others ran away.[52][63]
November 23 South Korea An unsuccessful attempt was made to attack the embassy.[52]
December 6 Peru Bolivia La Paz 1 Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona[49][52]
Soviet Union Iran Tehran Due to alleged Soviet support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war
1989 Afghanistan Kabul
September 17 China Colombia Bogotá Suspected FARC attack
October 25 Peru Lima 0 0 A coordinated attack by the Shining Path was carried out with explosives at 8:15 p.m. in Miraflores and San Isidro districts, against the embassies of the PRC and the USSR and a building where U.S. marines resided, causing material damages.[64]
Soviet Union 0 0
1990 China Iran Tehran Failed 1990 Chinese Embassy attack in Tehran
February 14 United States Peru Lima 0 0 A bomb exploded outside the General Services Officer's warehouse door.[65]
March 31  South Africa United Kingdom London 0 0 During the Poll Tax Riots
November 4 United States Peru Lima 0 0 An RPG-2 was fired towards the empty consulate at night.[66]
1991 January 25 1+ An hour after a car bomb exploded at Lima Airport, an RPG-7 was fired towards the embassy at 1:51 p.m. The six perpetrators travelled aboard a stolen four-door white Nissan pickup truck, firing the projectile and immediately continuing with small arms fire. MRTA literature and materials related to the Gulf War were found inside the vehicle. The attack indicated a departure from previous MRTA attacks, as it was possibly intended to cause harm rather than cause damage.[66]
December 20 Spain 0 0 The Spanish ambassador's residence was attacked with an explosive that only damaged the building's windows and surroundings, and did not manage to go over its two-metre-tall outer wall when thrown. Meanwhile, another device destroyed two cars parked behind the security fence at the French embassy. A woman who had appeared moments earlier claiming to have been raped nearby was detained.[67]
France
Iraq Finland Helsinki Iraqi Kurdish refugee protest on Kurdish massacre in Northern Iraq
1992 February 11 United States Peru Lima 2[68] 2 A red car exploded in the posterior wall of the ambassador's residence, similar to the April 1986 attack, leaving a 20 foot-long section of the 10-foot-high wall and dealing considerable damage to the interior. Ambassador Anthony Quainton was not home at the time of the attack, which continued with the bombings of at least five banks and a movie theatre.[69]
March 17 Israel Argentina Buenos Aires 29 1992 attack on Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires
April 5 Iran Canada Ottawa (See: Embassy of Iran, Ottawa)[70][71]
April 6 Australia Canberra 0 1
April Germany Bonn, Hamburg 0 4
April Czechoslovakia Prague
April Netherlands The Hague
April Ireland Dublin 0 1
April Poland Warsaw 0 3
April United Kingdom London
April United States New York
22 July Bolivia Peru Lima 0 5-16 1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima
August Peru Sweden Stockholm 0 0 1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm: A series of attacks against diplomatic missions of the country began with rebels painting red pro-Shining Path slogans on the building's façade and making an attempt on the life of the ambassador in Sweden that was thwarted by local police. The embassy in London was next, being shot at and also painted with slogans in early August. Similar attacks were made on a number of European embassies, while the mission in Mexico had dead dogs hung around it.[72]
United Kingdom London
Spain Madrid
Belgium Brussels
Italy Rome
Germany Berlin
 Switzerland Bern
France Paris
Denmark Copenhagen
Mexico Mexico City
December 26 China Peru Lima 0 0 Simultaneous attacks: On December 26, the anniversary of Mao Zedong's birth, Shining Path members detonated a number of car bombs next to diplomatic missions in Lima. At 5:45 a.m., the one at the Chinese embassy partially detonated with no casualties or major damage. Around the same time, the Costa Rican embassy and the Austrian consulate in Miraflores followed, causing material damage, followed by another one at the German embassy. On the 28th, at approximately 9:40 a.m., the Japanese embassy and an adjacent house were bombed after being shot at, with the Chinese embassy following suit 20 minutes later with material damage.[73]
Costa Rica 0 0
Austria 0 0
Germany 0 0
December 28 China 0 0
Japan 0 8–20
1993 March 8 Nicaragua Costa Rica San Jose Contra rebels seized the embassy along with eight hostages.
July 27 China Peru Lima Shining Path attack.[68]
United States 0 2
1994 26 July Israel United Kingdom London 0 1994 London Israeli Embassy bombing
1995 China Nicaragua Managua 0
17 June France Australia Perth 0 1995 French consulate bombing in Perth
November 19 Egypt Pakistan Islamabad 19 Attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan
6 September Pakistan Afghanistan Kabul 1 1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul
September 13 United States Russia Moscow Suspected Chechen attack
1996 June 22 Honduras Peru Lima Dynamite was thrown at the embassy, damaging its front door, in a series of attacks that also targeted popular restaurant La Rosa Náutica, and a number of APRA offices, alongside other places.[49]
December 17 – April 22 (1997) Japan 3 Japanese embassy hostage crisis
1998 Russia Latvia Riga 0 1998 Riga bombing
Iran Afghanistan Mazari Sharif 11 1998 killing of Iranian diplomats in Afghanistan
June 21 United States Lebanon Beirut Hezbollah attack
August 7 Kenya Nairobi 212 1998 United States embassy bombings
Tanzania Dar es Salaam 11
1999 May 7 China Serbia and Montenegro Belgrade 3 United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
May 15 United States China Beijing 0 In response to the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
Serbia and Montenegro
Myanmar Thailand Bangkok 0 1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok
2000 August 1 Philippines Indonesia Jakarta 2 21 Philippine consulate bombing in Jakarta
2002 January 22 United States India Kolkata 5 Attack by gunmen on the American Centre in Kolkata.[74]
March 20 Peru Lima 9 32 2002 Lima bombing
April 12 Cuba Venezuela Caracas 0 Part of the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt
June 14 United States Pakistan Karachi 12 2002 US consulate bombing in Karachi
October 12 Philippines Indonesia Manado [75]
United States Denpasar A bomb detonated outside the US Consular Office as part of the 2002 Bali bombings
2003 January 29 Thailand Cambodia Phnom Penh 0 0 2003 Phnom Penh riots
February 25 Colombia Venezuela Caracas 0 0 [76]
Spain 0 0 [76]
February 28 Czech Republic Pakistan Islamabad 2 0 Suspected Al-Qaeda attack
July 9 Pakistan Afghanistan Kabul 0 0 2003 attack on Pakistan Embassy in Kabul
August 7 Jordan Iraq Baghdad 17 2003 Jordanian embassy bombing in Baghdad
October 14 Turkey Iraq Baghdad 1 Turkish embassy bombing in Baghdad[broken anchor][77]
November 20 United Kingdom Turkey Istanbul 71 2003 Istanbul bombings
2004 July 27 Chile Costa Rica San José 4 Costa Rican police officer assigned to the embassy took 9 employees hostages, killing 3 Chilean diplomats and himself after a 7-hour standoff[78]
Israel Uzbekistan Tashkent 2 Tashkent embassy bombings
United States 2
Australia Indonesia Jakarta 9 2004 Australian Embassy bombing in Jakarta
Greece Saudi Arabia Riyadh
2006 February 7 Denmark Iran Tehran Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
March 2 China Pakistan Karachi 4 Suspected Al-Qaeda attack
September 12 Syria Damascus 4
Denmark Lebanon Beirut Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Syria Damascus
Italy Libya Benghazi
Pakistan Sri Lanka Colombo Attack on Pakistani ambassador to Sri Lanka
2007 United States Greece Athens 0 (see: Embassy of the United States, Athens)
Spain Democratic Republic of the Congo Kinshasa
Russia Costa Rica San José Hostage situation.
China India New Delhi
2008 United States Serbia Belgrade 1[79][80] 2008 Serbia protests
China
Croatia
Slovenia
March 10 China Canada Toronto 2008 Tibetan unrest
March 11 United States Washington D.C.
March 14 Canada Calgary
March 15 Australia Sydney 1
March 16 France Paris
March 20 Austria Vienna
Hungary Budapest
Netherlands The Hague
 Switzerland Zürich
Japan Mauritania Nouakchott
Denmark Pakistan Islamabad 2008 Danish embassy bombing in Islamabad
India Afghanistan Kabul 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul
October Turkey Finland Helsinki part of Kurdish–Turkish conflict
China Turkey Istanbul 6
Romania Bucharest 19 2008 attack on the Chinese Embassy in Romania
Ethiopia Somalia Hargeisa 30 2008 Hargeisa–Bosaso bombings
Greece Germany Berlin [citation needed]
2009 France Mauritania Nouakchott 3 2009 Nouakchott suicide bombing
Denmark Sweden Stockholm Deportation of Iraqi refugees[citation needed]
February 4 Holy See Venezuela Caracas [81]
February 18 Pakistan Iran Tehran 2009 attack on Pakistan Embassy in Tehran
Slovakia Hungary Budapest 2009 attack on Slovak Embassy in Budapest
July 5 China United States Los Angeles July 2009 Ürümqi riots[82]
July 6 Germany Munich
Netherlands Amsterdam
July 7 Norway Oslo
July 13 Turkey Ankara
August 25 Greece Serbia Belgrade Molotov cocktails attack by anarchists in support of Greek riots.[83]
October 8 India Afghanistan Kabul 17 2009 Kabul Indian embassy attack
2010 Bulgaria Greece Athens by Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei
Japan
Chile
Nigeria
South Korea
Mexico
Russia
Hungary
Morocco
Hungary Italy Rome The Informal Anarchist Federation claimed credit for these mail bombs.[84]
Chile
Greece Alleged explosive device defused by Italian police[citation needed]
France Mali Bamako [85]
11 May Pakistan Iran Tehran 2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran
April 5 United States Pakistan Peshawar 6 5 April 2010 North-West Frontier Province attacks
26 February India Afghanistan Kabul 18 (9 Indians) February 2010 Kabul attack
2011 26 May Serbia Russia Moscow Attacked by National Bolshevik Party activists as a response to arrest of Ratko Mladić.
France Syria Damascus part of the Syrian civil war[86]
United States
9–10 September Israel Egypt Cairo 2011 attack on Israeli Embassy in Egypt
United States Afghanistan Kabul 2011 Kabul Attacks[87]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo [88]
France Syria Damascus part of the Syrian civil war[89]
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
29 November United Kingdom Iran Tehran 2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran
2012 January 8 Japan South Korea Seoul A Chinese man hurled four petrol bombs at the Japanese mission in protest of Japan's war crimes during the World War II.[90]
Belarus Kyrgyzstan Bishkek [91]
China Libya Tripoli [92]
United States Egypt Cairo 2012 attack on the American Embassy in Egypt[93]
July 9 Japan South Korea Seoul [94]
September 11 United States Libya Benghazi 4 4 (possibly as many as 30) U.S. Consulate attack in Benghazi. Official and unofficial accounts vary on the number of Americans injured, from 4 to as many as 30.[95][96][97][98]
Yemen Sana'a 2012 attack on the American Embassy in Yemen[99]
Tunisia Tunis
Germany Sudan Khartoum 2012 attack on the German Embassy in Sudan
Japan China Shenyang 0 2012 attack on the Japanese Consulate in Shenyang
2013 February 1 China Turkey Ankara 2
April 23 France Libya Tripoli 0 AQIM car-bombing attack[100]
July 25 United Arab Emirates 0 Rocket-propelled grenade attack.[101]
June 29 Pakistan 2013 attack on Pakistan Embassy in Tripoli
August 3 India Afghanistan Jalalabad 9 21 [102]
August 7 Pakistan India New Delhi 2013 attack on Pakistan Embassy in New Delhi
September 13 United States Afghanistan Herat 2 20 2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat
October 3 Russia Libya Tripoli 1 [103]
October 11 Sweden Libya Benghazi 0 0 A car bomb exploded outside Sweden's honorary consulate in Benghazi, Libya, causing significant damage to the building but no reported injuries. The explosion shattered windows and destroyed the entrance, but consulate staff remained unharmed.[104]
November 5 Sweden Syria Damascus
November 8 Serbia Croatia Rijeka [105]
November 11 Russia Poland Warsaw [106]
November 19 Iran Lebanon Beirut 20+ 50+ Iranian embassy bombings
December 19 Pakistan Bangladesh Dhaka 2013 siege of the Pakistani embassy in Dhaka
2014 22 May India Afghanistan Herat 2014 attack on Indian consulate in Herat, Afghanistan[107]
June 14 Russia Ukraine Kyiv 0 0 Attack following[108] the downing of a plane with 49 Ukrainian troops near Luhansk carried out by pro-Russian militants using weapon probably from Russia.[109][110]
November 13 Egypt Libya Tripoli 0 0
United Arab Emirates 0 0
2015 January 17 Algeria 0 3
February 22 Iran 0 0
April 12 South Korea 2 1
April 13 Morocco 0 0
April 21 Spain 0 0
June 12 Tunisia 0 0
June 24 United Arab Emirates Somalia Mogadishu 3 7
July 8 Thailand Turkey Istanbul 6th anniversary of the Ürümqi riots
July 9 China Ankara
July 11 Italy Egypt Cairo 1 4 Suspected ISIS attack
July 24 China Australia Sydney 0 1 7th anniversary of the 2008 Tibetan unrest
July 26 Somalia Mogadishu 12 0 Suspected Al-Shabaab attack
July 29 Niger Egypt Cairo 1 2 Suspected Al Qaeda attack
August 10 Portugal Turkey Istanbul 0 1 Suspected DHKP-C attack
September 20 Russia Syria Damascus 0 0
September 28 United States Uzbekistan Tashkent 0 1 Firebomb attack possibly by IMU or IS Terrorist Group[111]
November 25 Turkey Russia Moscow 0 0 Attack following the downing a bomber aircraft by Turkey near the border between Syria and Turkey[112]
December 11 Spain Afghanistan Kabul 2 9 2015 Spanish Embassy attack in Kabul
2016 January 3 Saudi Arabia Iran Tehran and Mashhad 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
May 11 Australia Iraq Baghdad 1 Security contractor shot dead. investigation underway.
August 30 China Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 1 3 [113]
November 10 Germany Afghanistan Mazar-i-Sharif 6 120 German consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif attack: Taliban truck bombing
2017 March 29 Poland Ukraine Lutsk 0 0 Polish consulate in Lutsk was attacked with grenade launcher[114][115]
2018 March 11 Iran Austria Vienna 1 (perpetrator) 1 Soldier posted outside Iranian Embassy in Vienna was attacked by a knife-wielding Egyptian national with Islamist sympathies. Attacker was shot and killed.[116]
September 7 Iraq Basra Protesters torched the Iranian consulate.[117]
November 23 China Pakistan Karachi 4 1 Karachi Chinese consulate attack by the Balochistan Liberation Army
2019 February 22 North Korea Spain Madrid North Korean Embassy in Madrid incident: 10 men forcibly entered the North Korean embassy in Madrid and beat and tied up eight diplomats within, before stealing computers and files.[118]
September 5 South Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Lubumbashi 0 0 Protestors attack the South African consulate to protest against xenophobic attacks in South Africa.
November 3 Iran Iraq Karbala 3 0 During the 2019 Iraqi protests[119]
November 10 Venezuela Bolivia La Paz During the 2019 Bolivian protests, a group attacked and took control of the Venezuelan embassy building.[120]
November 27 Iran Iraq Najaf Amid antigovernment protests in Iraq focusing on government dysfunction, corruption, and Iranian influence over the Iraqi government, a crowd of Iraqi demonstrators (almost all Shia Muslim) burned down the Iranian consulate in Najaf in southern Iraq. Najaf police said that 35 protesters and 32 members of Iraqi security forces were injuries. No Iranian personnel were in the consulate during the attack,[121] as consulate staff fled just beforehand.[122]
December 1 Iraq Najaf The Iranian consulate in Najaf was torched by an angry crowd of Iraqis a second time.[122]
December 31 China Iraq Baghdad Anti-Chinese and anti-communist protesters torched the Chinese embassy after a rumor that China killed four Kata'ib Hezbollah members who were hiding in Xinjiang.
2020 February 10 Iran Nigeria Abuja During a protest against the Shiite Islamic Movement of Nigeria and the anniversary of the Iranian Revolution, angry crowds of Nigerians stormed the embassy.[123]
2021 July 7 Taiwan Haiti Pétion-Ville During the Assassination of Jovenel Moïse[124]
July 13 Cuba  Peru Lima 0 0 The embassy was vandalised by unknown attackers who escaped in a car.[125]
July 27 France Paris The embassy was firebombed by molotovs to protest against the Communist Party of Cuba
2022 March 1 Slovenia Ukraine Kharkiv 0 0 The consulate was destroyed during the air strikes against the city with no injuries reported by the country's foreign ministry.[126]
April 20 Peru United States Washington, D.C. 1 0 A man broke into the ambassador's residence in Forest Hills at around 8 a.m. and started breaking doors and windows while the building was occupied by the diplomat and his family, causing the arrival of local Secret Service and Police units, who fatally shot the intruder when he attempted to charge at them.[127][128]
September 5 Russia Afghanistan Kabul 8 15 Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul
October 6 Germany Ukraine Kyiv A Russian missile struck a building in the German embassy complex during the offensive against the city.[129]
December 20 Finland Russia Moscow Attack possibly by the Wagner Group
2023 January 27 Azerbaijan Iran Tehran 1 2 Attack on the Azerbaijani Embassy in Tehran
May 20 Qatar Sudan Khartoum Battle of Khartoum
June 28 United States Saudi Arabia Jeddah 2 (including attacker) 2023 Jeddah shooting
July 19 Sweden Iraq Baghdad Demonstrators stormed and torched the embassy in protest over the burning of the Koran in Stockholm on 28 June
July 20 China Ukraine Odesa 0 0 The Chinese consulate-general was damaged by air strikes against the city, with at least one window broken. No casualties were reported at the site, although three people were killed on the same night.[130]
July 30 France Niger Niamey Pro-coup and pro-Russian protestors surrounded and attempted to set fire to the embassy, prompting partial evacuations of both the French and US embassies.[131]
China Russia Saint Petersburg 0 0 A rocket was fired at the Chinese consulate in Saint Petersburg. There was superficial damage to the building but no one was injured.[citation needed]
August 9 United States Canada Toronto 0 0 A smoke bomb was thrown at the US consulate in Toronto, at 8:15am the suspect remains at large.[132]
August 10 Sweden Lebanon Beirut 0 0 On the night of August 10, 2023, an attempted attack on the Swedish embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, occurred. Police suspect that someone threw a bomb at the embassy, but it was removed before it exploded. No one was injured in the incident. Lebanese police believe the attack was motivated by the Quran burnings in Sweden.[133]
October 12 China United States San Francisco 1 0 A Chinese citizen crashed a car into the lobby of the Chinese consulate. The police struggled to restrain him and shot him after seeing that he had a knife.[134][135]
September 24 Cuba United States Washington, D.C. 0 0 Two Molotov cocktails were thrown at the Cuban embassy.[136]
December 8 United States Iraq Baghdad 0 0 Rockets were fired toward the embassy causing material damage.[137]
2024 April 1 Iran Syria Damascus 16 The Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus destroyed the building housing its consular section and killed sixteen people. Iran launched 300 drones and missiles at Israel in retaliation.[138][139]
April 5 Mexico Ecuador Quito 0 1+ 2024 attack on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador: Officers of the Ecuadorian police stormed and invaded the Mexican embassy in Quito to capture former Ecuadorian Vice President Jorge Glas, who is accused of corruption. The operation prompted Mexico to sever diplomatic relations with Ecuador.[140][141]
June 29 Israel Serbia Belgrade 1 1 2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade
September 29 United Arab Emirates Sudan Khartoum 0 0 The UAE alleged that the Sudanese air force bombed the UAE ambassador's residence in Khartoum. Sudan denied attacking the residence and blamed the Rapid Support Forces.[142]
December 2 Bangladesh India Tripura 0 0 2024 attack on the Bangladesh Assistant High Commission in India
2025 January 11 Venezuela Portugal Lisbon 0 0 Cocktail molotov was thrown at the Venezuelan consulate.[143]

See also

[edit]
  • Havana syndrome – mysterious disease affecting US and Canadian staff, starting in Havana, Cuba

References

[edit]
  1. ^ West, Nigel (2010). Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence. Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 73–74. ISBN 9780810867604.
  2. ^ "IMBRIE MURDER LAID TO RELIGIOUS HATE". The New York Times. July 24, 1924. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  3. ^ "PETER A. JAY DEAD; LONG A DIPLOMAT; Descendant of the First Chief Justice of U. S. an Ambassador to Argentina". The New York Times. October 19, 1933. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  4. ^ "American Legation Bombed in Uruguay". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 4, 1926. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  5. ^ Yang Hu, ed. (2014). "李大釗年譜簡編" [Summarized Chronicle of Li Dazhao]. 中國近代思想家文庫·李大釗卷 [Library for China's Modern Ideologists – Li Dazhao's Volume]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press.
  6. ^ "张作霖杀害共产党创始人李大钊的复杂内幕(2)". Sina (in Chinese). October 21, 2009. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  7. ^ "5 Planes Bomb Valencia". The New York Times. Associated Press. May 29, 1937. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  8. ^ "WAIS – World Association for International Studies".
  9. ^ Preston, Paul (1994). Franco: A Biography. London: Fontana Press. ISBN 978-0006862109.
  10. ^ The Times, June 26, 1941
  11. ^ Hoare, Samuel (1946). Ambassador on Special Mission. pp. 114–5.
  12. ^ "Bombattentat i Jerusalem mot svenska konsulatet" [Bomb attack in Jerusalem against the Swedish consulate]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Jerusalem. AP. September 28, 1947. p. 3. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
  13. ^ "Plundrare i Cairo skövlade och brände svenska konsulatet" [Looters in Cairo ransacked and burned the Swedish consulate]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Cairo. AP, TT-Reuter. January 28, 1952. p. 3. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  14. ^ Ami Pedahzur; Arie Perliger (2009). Jewish Terrorism in Israel. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0231154475.
  15. ^ Ami Pedahzur; Arie Perliger (2009). Jewish Terrorism in Israel. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-0231154475.
  16. ^ "Terror Bombings Mark Arrival Of Dulles In Turkey: Chinese Centers Targets Of Two Blasts". The Hartford Courant. Associated Press. January 27, 1958. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Embajador peruano protesta por ataque sin precedentes en la historia diplomática a Embajada". La Nación. United Press International. October 3, 1961. p. 30.
  18. ^ "Cronología de historia de Venezuela y eventos mundiales • Fundación Empresas Polar". Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Blog :: MMC RTV Slovenija". rtvslo.si. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  20. ^ "1963 sacking of the Embassy" (PDF). Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  21. ^ "Bomb". Saigon: The Age. July 1, 1964. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  22. ^ Omeragić, S. (September 20, 2017). "Ubice i svjedoci: Šta je is