2016年航天活动列表
2016年航天活动亮点,由上自下从左到右:
| |
轨道发射 | |
---|---|
首次 | 1月15日 |
末次 | 12月28日 |
总计 | 85 |
成功 | 82 |
失败 | 2 |
部分失败 | 1 |
标识符 | 83 |
火箭 | |
处女航 | |
退役 | |
载人航天 | |
轨道飞行次数 | 5 |
载人航天人数合计 | 14 |
舱外活动次数 | 4 |
概述
[编辑]2016年4月28日,俄罗斯为远东的东方航天发射场举行了落成典礼,首先进行了传统的联盟号2.1a发射,随后几年,东方航天发射场进行了扩建,以容纳安加拉系列火箭。中国长征七号运载火箭于6月25日在位于海南省文昌市的新建成的航天发射场成功首飞,长征五号运载火箭于也于11月3日在该发射场完成首飞。在2014年发射天鹅座3号货运飞船爆炸事故发生两年后,Antares火箭于10月17日再次飞行,其升级版230型火箭搭载俄罗斯RD-181发动机。
在多次失败的尝试之后,SpaceX开始将其猎鹰9号第一级火箭降落在無人駕駛著陸船,离其长期提出的开发可重复使用运载火箭的目标更近了一步。该公司表示,回收的发动机和结构未遭受重大损坏。[1]其中一枚着陆助推器B1021于2016年4月发射,并于2017年3月再次飞行;[2]另外两枚助推器被改装为侧置助推器,用于猎鹰重型火箭的首飞。[3]
ExoMars任务是欧洲和俄罗斯航天机构合作开展的,于3月14日发射,并于10月19日抵达火星。[4]此次飞行致力于天体生物学研究,搭载了到达火星轨道的ExoMars微量气体轨道器和着陆时坠毁的斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器。计划于2020年进行的后续飞行将搭载ExoMars罗莎琳德·富兰克林探测器和四台静态地面仪器。[5]与此同时,日本太空探测器“晓”号在花了五个月时间逐步调整轨道后,于五月开始对金星进行观测[6]。行星探索活动成为焦点,美国国家航空航天局的朱诺号探测器于7月4日进入木星轨道,随后美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的OSIRIS-REx探测器于9月8日发射,前往小行星101955“贝努”。最终,9月30日,罗塞塔号探测器在丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星上缓慢着陆。[7][8]
载人航天飞行包括斯科特·凯利和米哈伊尔·科尔尼延科于三月份返回地球,他们此前在国际空间站执行了为期一年的任务,这是宇航员在空间站连续停留时间最长的一次。凯利还创下了美国人在太空轨道停留时间最长的纪录。2016年发射了四次国际空间站探险任务,编号为47至50,第一次探险任务使用最后一艘联盟号TMA-M飞船,后三次探险任务将使用现代化的联盟号MS飞船。第50次远征将持续到2017年。进行了多次舱外活动以维护国际空间站的外部。实验性的BEAM充气居住舱于4月16日安装到国际空间站,并于5月28日展开,开始为期两年的在轨测试。与此同时,中国于9月发射了新的天宫二号空间实验室,景海鹏和陈冬随后搭乘神舟十一号,于10月19日至11月17日期间首次访问了该实验室一个月。
轨道发射
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) | 载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
January[编辑] | |||||||
15 January 16:57:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Belarus | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 January 18:42:18 | ![]() | F9-021 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NOAA / EUMETSAT | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[9] | |||||||
20 January 04:01:00 | ![]() | C31 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 January 23:20:48 | ![]() | VA228 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure in 2019[10] | ||
29 January 22:20:09 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ||||
![]() | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System | |||||||
February[编辑] | |||||||
1 February 07:29:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
5 February 13:38:00 | ![]() | AV-057 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:21:07 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 February 00:30 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NADA | Low Earth | Earth observation | 30 June 2023[12] | Successful | ||
10 February 11:40:32 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NRO | Retrograde LEO | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NROL-45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit. | |||||||
16 February 17:57:40 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ||||
![]() | ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 February 08:45:00 | ![]() | F30 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() ![]() | JAXA / NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||
![]() | Nagoya University | Low Earth | Radiation / Amateur radio | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | MHI | Low Earth | Remote sensing / Space debris monitor | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | Kyushu Institute of Technology | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[14][15] | |||||||
March[编辑] | |||||||
4 March 23:35:00 | ![]() | F9-022 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage. | |||||||
9 March 05:20:07 | ![]() | VA229 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
10 March 10:31:00 | ![]() | C32 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
13 March 18:56:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 17 October 2023[16] | Partial spacecraft failure[17] | ||
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before. | |||||||
14 March 09:31:42[5] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() ![]() | ESA | Areocentric orbit | Mars orbiter | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ESA | TMI to Martian Surface | Mars lander | 19 October 2016 | Landing failure | ||
18 March 21:26:38 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 47/48 | 7 September 2016 01:13 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant | |||||||
23 March 03:05:52 | ![]() | AV-064 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() S.S. Rick Husband | Orbital ATK / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 22 June 2016 13:29 | Successful | ||
![]() ![]() | DOST / TU | Low Earth | Earth observation | 6 April 2020[19] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 3 October 2017[20] Last: 10 November 2018[21] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 27 February 2017[22] Last: 7 April 2017[23] | 8 successful, 1 failed to deploy | ||
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[18] Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
24 March 09:42:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | VKS | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
29 March 20:11:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | IGSO | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
31 March 16:23:57 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 14 October 2016 13:39 | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Tomsk Polytechnic University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 20 October 2019[25] | Successful | ||
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[24] | |||||||
April[编辑] | |||||||
5 April 17:38:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth | Microgravity Science | 18 April 2016 08:30 | Successful | ||
8 April 20:43:31 | ![]() | F9-023 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 11 May 2016 18:31 | Successful | ||
![]() | Bigelow Aerospace / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall | |||||||
25 April 21:02:13 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure[26] | ||
![]() | CNES | Low Earth (SSO) | Astrophysics | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Aalborg | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | 8 September 2023[27] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Polytechnic University of Turin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 9 May 2024[28] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Liège | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 14 March 2024[29] | Successful | ||
28 April 02:01:21 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Gamma-ray astronomy | 16 December 2023[30] | Satellite malfunction | ||
![]() | SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 15 April 2024[31] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 4 March 2022[32] | Spacecraft failure | ||
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome. | |||||||
28 April 07:20:00 | ![]() | C33 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
May[编辑] | |||||||
6 May 05:21:00 | ![]() | F9-024 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
15 May 02:43 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 May 08:48:43 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
27 May 21:39:00 | ![]() | F9-025 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Thaicom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | |||||||
29 May 08:44:35 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705.[33] | |||||||
30 May 03:17:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() (Aleph-1 constellation)[34] | Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
June[编辑] | |||||||
4 June 14:00:13 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | VKS | Low Earth | Geodesy | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 June 07:10:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | ||||
![]() | Intelsat / DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
11 June 17:51:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NRO | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
NROL-37 mission. | |||||||
12 June 15:30:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 June 14:29:00 | ![]() | F9-026 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ABS | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed. | |||||||
18 June 21:38:39 | ![]() | VA230 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | BRI | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
22 June 03:56:00 | ![]() | C34 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | DLR | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | GHGSat | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | LAPAN | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | CSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | TU Berlin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | First: 20 October 2022 Last: 28 March 2023[35] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Sathyabama University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | College of Engineering, Pune | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 June 14:30:00 | ![]() | AV-063 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | US Navy | GSO | Communications | 在轨 | Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[36] | ||
25 June 12:00:07 | ![]() | Y1 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | CMSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration Flight test | 26 June 2016 07:41 | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | NPU | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 September 2016 | Successful | ||
![]() | CALT | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | ||
![]() | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | |||
![]() | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 August 2016 | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[37] | |||||||
29 June 03:21:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
July[编辑] | |||||||
7 July 01:36:40 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 48/49 | 30 October 2016 03:58 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant. | |||||||
16 July 21:41:45 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 February 2017 18:24 | Successful | ||
18 July 04:45:29 | ![]() | F9-027 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 26 August 15:47 | Successful | ||
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test. | |||||||
28 July 12:37:00 | ![]() | AV-065 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NRO | Geosynchronous[38] | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
August[编辑] | |||||||
5 August 16:22:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 August 22:55:25 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
14 August 05:26:00 | ![]() | F9-028 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 August 17:40:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 19 August 2016[40] | Spacecraft failure | ||
⚀ ![]() | UPC | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 December 2023[41] | Successful | ||
19 August 04:52:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
24 August 22:16:01 | ![]() | VA232 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational[42] | ||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
31 August 18:50:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 31 August 2016 | Launch failure | ||
September[编辑] | |||||||
3 September 07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[44] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Spacecom | Planned: Geosynchronous | Communications | N/A | Destroyed prior to launch[43] | ||
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 2016年9月1日 13:07 (UTC)[43] | .|||||||
8 September 11:20:00 | ![]() | F05 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
8 September 23:05:00 | ![]() | AV-067 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NASA | Heliocentric | Asteroid sample return | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023. | |||||||
13 September 14:38:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Israel Defense Forces | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Satellite malfunction[45] | ||
15 September 14:04:12 | ![]() | T2 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | CMSA | Low Earth | Space station | 19 July 2019[46] 13:06 | Successful | ||
![]() | SAST | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 15 July 2019[47] | Successful | ||
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October | |||||||
16 September 01:43:35 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Peruvian Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
26 September 03:42:00 | ![]() | C35 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Meteorology | 在轨 | Successful[48] | ||
![]() | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | BlackSky Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | IIT Bombay | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | PES University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 21 April 2022[49] | Successful | ||
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors. | |||||||
October[编辑] | |||||||
5 October 20:30 | ![]() | VA231 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NBN | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
16 October 23:30 | ![]() | Y11 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | CMSA | Low Earth | Docking with Tiangong-2 | 18 November 2016 06:15 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with two astronauts[50] | |||||||
17 October 23:45 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 27 November 2016 23:36 | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | |||||||
19 October 08:05 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 49/50 | 10 April 2017 11:20 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
November[编辑] | |||||||
2 November 06:20:00 | ![]() | F31 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | JMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
3 November 12:42 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous | 在轨 | Operational | ||
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[51][52] | |||||||
9 November 23:42[53] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | X-ray pulsar-based navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
11 November 18:30 | ![]() | AV-062 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | DigitalGlobe | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 30 November 2021 05:20[57] | Spacecraft failure | ||
⚀ ![]() | M42 Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | LANL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | Aerospace | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | NASA Orbital Debris Program Office | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | 在轨 | Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | JHU/APL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration / Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscopes in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[56] | |||||||
11 November 23:14 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | SAST | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
17 November 13:06:48 | ![]() | VA233 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna, Lisa, Kimberley, and Tijmen. | |||||||
17 November 20:20:14 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 50/51/52 | 2 June 2017 | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017. | |||||||
19 November 23:42:00 | ![]() | AV-069 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | NASA / NOAA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
22 November 15:24:04 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
December[编辑] | |||||||
1 December 14:52 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Roscosmos | Planned: Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 December | Launch failure | ||
5 December 13:51:44 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Turkish Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 December 04:54 | ![]() | C36 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Remote sensing | 在轨 | Operational | ||
7 December 23:53 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
9 December 13:26:47 | ![]() | F6 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | JAXA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 5 February 2017 15:06 | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | UTokyo | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration | 15 May 2017[63] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | GAUSS Srl | Low Earth | TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio | 8 September 2017[64] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() ![]() | NTU / Kyutech | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 1 November 2018[65] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Kagawa University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 March 2018[66] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 5 February 2017[67] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | University of Tsukuba | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 January 2019[68] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Waseda University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 6 October 2018[69] | Successful | ||
![]() | Open Space Network | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 11 January 2018[70] | Successful | ||
![]() | Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 18 October 2017[71] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | SJSU/UI | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 July 2017[72] | Successful | ||
⚀ ![]() | Spire Global | Low Earth | AIS | First: 15 April 2018[73] Last: 5 December 2018[74] | Successful | ||
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[58] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[59] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[60][61][62] | |||||||
10 December 16:11:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
15 December 13:37:21 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | ||
18 December 19:13 | ![]() | AV-071 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | HughesNet | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
20 December 11:00 | ![]() | Epsilon-2[75] | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | JAXA | Medium Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospherics | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 December 19:22 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||
21 December 20:30 | ![]() | VA234 | ![]() | ![]() | |||
![]() | Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
![]() | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
28 December 03:23:56 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
![]() | Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 在轨 | Partial launch failure; Operational | ||
⚀ ![]() | China Association for Science and Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 February 2017[78] | Partial launch failure; Successful | ||
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[77] |
亚轨道飞行
[编辑]发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) | 载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
附注 | |||||||
15 January 03:00:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | TPU / Tohoku University / Tokai University / KU / JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 15 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 161公里(100英里)[79] | |||||||
22 January | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101.7公里(63.2英里)[80] | |||||||
23 January 08:30 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() ![]() | DLR / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252公里(157英里) | |||||||
28 January | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 28 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), CTV-02+ target | |||||||
28 January | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 January | Successful | |||
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept. | |||||||
2 February 21:09 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | SSC | Suborbital | Technology | 2 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 138公里(86英里) | |||||||
21 February 07:34 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 February | Successful | |||
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ? | |||||||
22 February 04:15 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
![]() | LASP | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 309公里(192英里) | |||||||
26 February 07:01 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||
US Air Force | <