This is a table of orthonormalized spherical harmonics that employ the Condon-Shortley phase up to degree ℓ = 10 {\displaystyle \ell =10} x , y , z , and r . For purposes of this table, it is useful to express the usual spherical to Cartesian transformations that relate these Cartesian components to θ {\displaystyle \theta } φ {\displaystyle \varphi }
{ cos ( θ ) = z / r e ± i φ ⋅ sin ( θ ) = ( x ± i y ) / r {\displaystyle {\begin{cases}\cos(\theta )&=z/r\\e^{\pm i\varphi }\cdot \sin(\theta )&=(x\pm iy)/r\end{cases}}}
Complex spherical harmonics [ edit ] For ℓ = 0, …, 5, see.[ 1]
Y 0 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 2 1 π {\displaystyle Y_{0}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )={1 \over 2}{\sqrt {1 \over \pi }}}
Y 1 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 2 3 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ = 1 2 3 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) r Y 1 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 2 3 π ⋅ cos θ = 1 2 3 π ⋅ z r Y 1 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 2 3 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ = − 1 2 3 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) r {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{1}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta &&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x-iy) \over r}\\Y_{1}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over \pi }}\cdot \cos \theta &&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over \pi }}\cdot {z \over r}\\Y_{1}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&-&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta &&=&-&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {3 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x+iy) \over r}\end{aligned}}}
Y 2 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 15 2 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ = 1 4 15 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 2 r 2 Y 2 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 2 15 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ cos θ = 1 2 15 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) ⋅ z r 2 Y 2 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 5 π ⋅ ( 3 cos 2 θ − 1 ) = 1 4 5 π ⋅ ( 3 z 2 − r 2 ) r 2 Y 2 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 2 15 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ cos θ = − 1 2 15 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) ⋅ z r 2 Y 2 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 15 2 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ = 1 4 15 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 2 r 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{2}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x-iy)^{2} \over r^{2}}&\\Y_{2}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot \cos \theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x-iy)\cdot z \over r^{2}}&\\Y_{2}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {5 \over \pi }}\cdot (3\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {5 \over \pi }}\cdot {(3z^{2}-r^{2}) \over r^{2}}&\\Y_{2}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&-&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot \cos \theta \quad &&=&-&{1 \over 2}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x+iy)\cdot z \over r^{2}}&\\Y_{2}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {15 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x+iy)^{2} \over r^{2}}&\end{aligned}}}
Y 3 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 1 8 35 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ = 1 8 35 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 3 r 3 Y 3 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 105 2 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ cos θ = 1 4 105 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 2 ⋅ z r 3 Y 3 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 8 21 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 5 cos 2 θ − 1 ) = 1 8 21 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) ⋅ ( 5 z 2 − r 2 ) r 3 Y 3 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 7 π ⋅ ( 5 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) = 1 4 7 π ⋅ ( 5 z 3 − 3 z r 2 ) r 3 Y 3 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 8 21 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 5 cos 2 θ − 1 ) = − 1 8 21 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) ⋅ ( 5 z 2 − r 2 ) r 3 Y 3 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 4 105 2 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ cos θ = 1 4 105 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 2 ⋅ z r 3 Y 3 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 8 35 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ = − 1 8 35 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 3 r 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{3}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot {(x-iy)^{3} \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x-iy)^{2}\cdot z \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {21 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (5\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\quad &&=&&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {21 \over \pi }}\cdot {(x-iy)\cdot (5z^{2}-r^{2}) \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {7 \over \pi }}\cdot (5\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {7 \over \pi }}\cdot {(5z^{3}-3zr^{2}) \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&-&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {21 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (5\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\quad &&=&&{-1 \over 8}{\sqrt {21 \over \pi }}\cdot {(x+iy)\cdot (5z^{2}-r^{2}) \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \quad &&=&&{1 \over 4}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot {(x+iy)^{2}\cdot z \over r^{3}}&\\Y_{3}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&-&{1 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \quad &&=&&{-1 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot {(x+iy)^{3} \over r^{3}}&\end{aligned}}}
Y 4 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 16 35 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ = 3 16 35 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 4 r 4 Y 4 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 3 8 35 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ cos θ = 3 8 35 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 3 z r 4 Y 4 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 8 5 2 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 7 cos 2 θ − 1 ) = 3 8 5 2 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) 2 ⋅ ( 7 z 2 − r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 3 8 5 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 7 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) = 3 8 5 π ⋅ ( x − i y ) ⋅ ( 7 z 3 − 3 z r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 0 ( θ , φ ) = 3 16 1 π ⋅ ( 35 cos 4 θ − 30 cos 2 θ + 3 ) = 3 16 1 π ⋅ ( 35 z 4 − 30 z 2 r 2 + 3 r 4 ) r 4 Y 4 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 8 5 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 7 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) = − 3 8 5 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) ⋅ ( 7 z 3 − 3 z r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 8 5 2 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 7 cos 2 θ − 1 ) = 3 8 5 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 2 ⋅ ( 7 z 2 − r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 8 35 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ cos θ = − 3 8 35 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 3 z r 4 Y 4 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 16 35 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ = 3 16 35 2 π ⋅ ( x + i y ) 4 r 4 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{4}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 16}{\sqrt {35 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta &&=&&{\frac {3}{16}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x-iy)^{4}}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot \cos \theta &&=&&{\frac {3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x-iy)^{3}z}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 8}{\sqrt {5 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (7\cos ^{2}\theta -1)&&=&&{\frac {3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x-iy)^{2}\cdot (7z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 8}{\sqrt {5 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (7\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )&&=&&{\frac {3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x-iy)\cdot (7z^{3}-3zr^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 16}{\sqrt {1 \over \pi }}\cdot (35\cos ^{4}\theta -30\cos ^{2}\theta +3)&&=&&{\frac {3}{16}}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(35z^{4}-30z^{2}r^{2}+3r^{4})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{-3 \over 8}{\sqrt {5 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (7\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )&&=&&{\frac {-3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x+iy)\cdot (7z^{3}-3zr^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 8}{\sqrt {5 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (7\cos ^{2}\theta -1)&&=&&{\frac {3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x+iy)^{2}\cdot (7z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{-3 \over 8}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot \cos \theta &&=&&{\frac {-3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x+iy)^{3}z}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&=&&{3 \over 16}{\sqrt {35 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta &&=&&{\frac {3}{16}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x+iy)^{4}}{r^{4}}}\end{aligned}}}
Y 5 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 77 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ Y 5 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 16 385 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 5 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 1 32 385 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 9 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 5 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 8 1155 2 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 3 cos 3 θ − cos θ ) Y 5 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 16 165 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 21 cos 4 θ − 14 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 5 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 16 11 π ⋅ ( 63 cos 5 θ − 70 cos 3 θ + 15 cos θ ) Y 5 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 16 165 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 21 cos 4 θ − 14 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 5 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 8 1155 2 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 3 cos 3 θ − cos θ ) Y 5 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 32 385 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 9 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 5 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 16 385 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 5 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 32 77 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{5}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {77 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \\Y_{5}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 16}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{5}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 32}{\sqrt {385 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (9\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{5}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 8}{\sqrt {1155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (3\cos ^{3}\theta -\cos \theta )\\Y_{5}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 16}{\sqrt {165 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (21\cos ^{4}\theta -14\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{5}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 16}{\sqrt {11 \over \pi }}\cdot (63\cos ^{5}\theta -70\cos ^{3}\theta +15\cos \theta )\\Y_{5}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 16}{\sqrt {165 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (21\cos ^{4}\theta -14\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{5}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 8}{\sqrt {1155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (3\cos ^{3}\theta -\cos \theta )\\Y_{5}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 32}{\sqrt {385 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (9\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{5}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 16}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{5}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 32}{\sqrt {77 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Y 6 − 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 3003 π ⋅ e − 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ Y 6 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 1001 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 6 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 91 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 11 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 6 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 1 32 1365 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 11 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 6 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 1365 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 33 cos 4 θ − 18 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 6 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 16 273 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 33 cos 5 θ − 30 cos 3 θ + 5 cos θ ) Y 6 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 32 13 π ⋅ ( 231 cos 6 θ − 315 cos 4 θ + 105 cos 2 θ − 5 ) Y 6 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 16 273 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 33 cos 5 θ − 30 cos 3 θ + 5 cos θ ) Y 6 2 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 1365 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 33 cos 4 θ − 18 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 6 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 32 1365 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 11 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 6 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 91 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 11 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 6 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 32 1001 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 6 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 3003 π ⋅ e 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{6}^{-6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {3003 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \\Y_{6}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {1001 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{6}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {91 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (11\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{6}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 32}{\sqrt {1365 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (11\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{6}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {1365 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (33\cos ^{4}\theta -18\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{6}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 16}{\sqrt {273 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (33\cos ^{5}\theta -30\cos ^{3}\theta +5\cos \theta )\\Y_{6}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 32}{\sqrt {13 \over \pi }}\cdot (231\cos ^{6}\theta -315\cos ^{4}\theta +105\cos ^{2}\theta -5)\\Y_{6}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{1 \over 16}{\sqrt {273 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (33\cos ^{5}\theta -30\cos ^{3}\theta +5\cos \theta )\\Y_{6}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {1365 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (33\cos ^{4}\theta -18\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{6}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{1 \over 32}{\sqrt {1365 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (11\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{6}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {91 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (11\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{6}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{3 \over 32}{\sqrt {1001 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{6}^{6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {3003 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Y 7 − 7 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 715 2 π ⋅ e − 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ Y 7 − 6 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 5005 π ⋅ e − 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 7 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 385 2 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 13 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 7 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 385 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 13 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 7 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 35 2 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 4 θ − 66 cos 2 θ + 3 ) Y 7 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 35 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 5 θ − 110 cos 3 θ + 15 cos θ ) Y 7 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 105 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 429 cos 6 θ − 495 cos 4 θ + 135 cos 2 θ − 5 ) Y 7 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 32 15 π ⋅ ( 429 cos 7 θ − 693 cos 5 θ + 315 cos 3 θ − 35 cos θ ) Y 7 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 64 105 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 429 cos 6 θ − 495 cos 4 θ + 135 cos 2 θ − 5 ) Y 7 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 35 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 5 θ − 110 cos 3 θ + 15 cos θ ) Y 7 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 35 2 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 4 θ − 66 cos 2 θ + 3 ) Y 7 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 32 385 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 13 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 7 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 385 2 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 13 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 7 6 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 5005 π ⋅ e 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 7 7 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 715 2 π ⋅ e 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{7}^{-7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {715 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \\Y_{7}^{-6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{7}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (13\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{7}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (13\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{7}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {35 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{4}\theta -66\cos ^{2}\theta +3)\\Y_{7}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{5}\theta -110\cos ^{3}\theta +15\cos \theta )\\Y_{7}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (429\cos ^{6}\theta -495\cos ^{4}\theta +135\cos ^{2}\theta -5)\\Y_{7}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 32}{\sqrt {15 \over \pi }}\cdot (429\cos ^{7}\theta -693\cos ^{5}\theta +315\cos ^{3}\theta -35\cos \theta )\\Y_{7}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{1 \over 64}{\sqrt {105 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (429\cos ^{6}\theta -495\cos ^{4}\theta +135\cos ^{2}\theta -5)\\Y_{7}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {35 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{5}\theta -110\cos ^{3}\theta +15\cos \theta )\\Y_{7}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{3 \over 64}{\sqrt {35 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{4}\theta -66\cos ^{2}\theta +3)\\Y_{7}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 32}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (13\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{7}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{3 \over 64}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (13\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{7}^{6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{7}^{7}(\theta ,\varphi )&=-{3 \over 64}{\sqrt {715 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Y 8 − 8 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 12155 2 π ⋅ e − 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ Y 8 − 7 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 12155 2 π ⋅ e − 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 8 − 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 128 7293 π ⋅ e − 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 15 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 8 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 17017 2 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 5 cos 3 θ − cos θ ) Y 8 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 1309 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 65 cos 4 θ − 26 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 8 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 1 64 19635 2 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 39 cos 5 θ − 26 cos 3 θ + 3 cos θ ) Y 8 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 595 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 6 θ − 143 cos 4 θ + 33 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 8 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 3 64 17 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 715 cos 7 θ − 1001 cos 5 θ + 385 cos 3 θ − 35 cos θ ) Y 8 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 256 17 π ⋅ ( 6435 cos 8 θ − 12012 cos 6 θ + 6930 cos 4 θ − 1260 cos 2 θ + 35 ) Y 8 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 17 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 715 cos 7 θ − 1001 cos 5 θ + 385 cos 3 θ − 35 cos θ ) Y 8 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 595 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 143 cos 6 θ − 143 cos 4 θ + 33 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 8 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 64 19635 2 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 39 cos 5 θ − 26 cos 3 θ + 3 cos θ ) Y 8 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 1309 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 65 cos 4 θ − 26 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 8 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 17017 2 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 5 cos 3 θ − cos θ ) Y 8 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 128 7293 π ⋅ e 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 15 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 8 7 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 64 12155 2 π ⋅ e 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 8 8 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 12155 2 π ⋅ e 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{8}^{-8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {12155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \\Y_{8}^{-7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {12155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{8}^{-6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 128}{\sqrt {7293 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (15\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{8}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {17017 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (5\cos ^{3}\theta -\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {1309 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (65\cos ^{4}\theta -26\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{8}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 64}{\sqrt {19635 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (39\cos ^{5}\theta -26\cos ^{3}\theta +3\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {595 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{6}\theta -143\cos ^{4}\theta +33\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{8}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 64}{\sqrt {17 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (715\cos ^{7}\theta -1001\cos ^{5}\theta +385\cos ^{3}\theta -35\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 256}{\sqrt {17 \over \pi }}\cdot (6435\cos ^{8}\theta -12012\cos ^{6}\theta +6930\cos ^{4}\theta -1260\cos ^{2}\theta +35)\\Y_{8}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 64}{\sqrt {17 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (715\cos ^{7}\theta -1001\cos ^{5}\theta +385\cos ^{3}\theta -35\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {595 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (143\cos ^{6}\theta -143\cos ^{4}\theta +33\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{8}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 64}{\sqrt {19635 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (39\cos ^{5}\theta -26\cos ^{3}\theta +3\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {1309 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (65\cos ^{4}\theta -26\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{8}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 64}{\sqrt {17017 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (5\cos ^{3}\theta -\cos \theta )\\Y_{8}^{6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 128}{\sqrt {7293 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (15\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{8}^{7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 64}{\sqrt {12155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{8}^{8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {12155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Y 9 − 9 ( θ , φ ) = 1 512 230945 π ⋅ e − 9 i φ ⋅ sin 9 θ Y 9 − 8 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 230945 2 π ⋅ e − 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 9 − 7 ( θ , φ ) = 3 512 13585 π ⋅ e − 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 9 − 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 128 40755 π ⋅ e − 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 9 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 2717 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 85 cos 4 θ − 30 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 9 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 95095 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 5 θ − 10 cos 3 θ + cos θ ) Y 9 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 1 256 21945 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 221 cos 6 θ − 195 cos 4 θ + 39 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 9 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 1045 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 221 cos 7 θ − 273 cos 5 θ + 91 cos 3 θ − 7 cos θ ) Y 9 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 95 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 2431 cos 8 θ − 4004 cos 6 θ + 2002 cos 4 θ − 308 cos 2 θ + 7 ) Y 9 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 256 19 π ⋅ ( 12155 cos 9 θ − 25740 cos 7 θ + 18018 cos 5 θ − 4620 cos 3 θ + 315 cos θ ) Y 9 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 256 95 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 2431 cos 8 θ − 4004 cos 6 θ + 2002 cos 4 θ − 308 cos 2 θ + 7 ) Y 9 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 1045 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 221 cos 7 θ − 273 cos 5 θ + 91 cos 3 θ − 7 cos θ ) Y 9 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 256 21945 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 221 cos 6 θ − 195 cos 4 θ + 39 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 9 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 128 95095 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 5 θ − 10 cos 3 θ + cos θ ) Y 9 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 256 2717 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 85 cos 4 θ − 30 cos 2 θ + 1 ) Y 9 6 ( θ , φ ) = 1 128 40755 π ⋅ e 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 9 7 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 512 13585 π ⋅ e 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ ( 17 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 9 8 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 230945 2 π ⋅ e 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 9 9 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 512 230945 π ⋅ e 9 i φ ⋅ sin 9 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{9}^{-9}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 512}{\sqrt {230945 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-9i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{9}\theta \\Y_{9}^{-8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {230945 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{9}^{-7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 512}{\sqrt {13585 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{9}^{-6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 128}{\sqrt {40755 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {2717 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (85\cos ^{4}\theta -30\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{9}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {95095 \over 2\pi }}\cdot e^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{5}\theta -10\cos ^{3}\theta +\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 256}{\sqrt {21945 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (221\cos ^{6}\theta -195\cos ^{4}\theta +39\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{9}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {1045 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (221\cos ^{7}\theta -273\cos ^{5}\theta +91\cos ^{3}\theta -7\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {95 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (2431\cos ^{8}\theta -4004\cos ^{6}\theta +2002\cos ^{4}\theta -308\cos ^{2}\theta +7)\\Y_{9}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 256}{\sqrt {19 \over \pi }}\cdot (12155\cos ^{9}\theta -25740\cos ^{7}\theta +18018\cos ^{5}\theta -4620\cos ^{3}\theta +315\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 256}{\sqrt {95 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (2431\cos ^{8}\theta -4004\cos ^{6}\theta +2002\cos ^{4}\theta -308\cos ^{2}\theta +7)\\Y_{9}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {1045 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (221\cos ^{7}\theta -273\cos ^{5}\theta +91\cos ^{3}\theta -7\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 256}{\sqrt {21945 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (221\cos ^{6}\theta -195\cos ^{4}\theta +39\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{9}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 128}{\sqrt {95095 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{5}\theta -10\cos ^{3}\theta +\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 256}{\sqrt {2717 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (85\cos ^{4}\theta -30\cos ^{2}\theta +1)\\Y_{9}^{6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 128}{\sqrt {40755 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{9}^{7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 512}{\sqrt {13585 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot (17\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{9}^{8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {230945 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{9}^{9}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 512}{\sqrt {230945 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{9i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{9}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Y 10 − 10 ( θ , φ ) = 1 1024 969969 π ⋅ e − 10 i φ ⋅ sin 10 θ Y 10 − 9 ( θ , φ ) = 1 512 4849845 π ⋅ e − 9 i φ ⋅ sin 9 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 10 − 8 ( θ , φ ) = 1 512 255255 2 π ⋅ e − 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ ⋅ ( 19 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 10 − 7 ( θ , φ ) = 3 512 85085 π ⋅ e − 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ ( 19 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 10 − 6 ( θ , φ ) = 3 1024 5005 π ⋅ e − 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 4 θ − 102 cos 2 θ + 3 ) Y 10 − 5 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 1001 π ⋅ e − 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 5 θ − 170 cos 3 θ + 15 cos θ ) Y 10 − 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 5005 2 π ⋅ e − 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 6 θ − 255 cos 4 θ + 45 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 10 − 3 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 5005 π ⋅ e − 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 7 θ − 357 cos 5 θ + 105 cos 3 θ − 7 cos θ ) Y 10 − 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 512 385 2 π ⋅ e − 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 4199 cos 8 θ − 6188 cos 6 θ + 2730 cos 4 θ − 364 cos 2 θ + 7 ) Y 10 − 1 ( θ , φ ) = 1 256 1155 2 π ⋅ e − i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 4199 cos 9 θ − 7956 cos 7 θ + 4914 cos 5 θ − 1092 cos 3 θ + 63 cos θ ) Y 10 0 ( θ , φ ) = 1 512 21 π ⋅ ( 46189 cos 10 θ − 109395 cos 8 θ + 90090 cos 6 θ − 30030 cos 4 θ + 3465 cos 2 θ − 63 ) Y 10 1 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 256 1155 2 π ⋅ e i φ ⋅ sin θ ⋅ ( 4199 cos 9 θ − 7956 cos 7 θ + 4914 cos 5 θ − 1092 cos 3 θ + 63 cos θ ) Y 10 2 ( θ , φ ) = 3 512 385 2 π ⋅ e 2 i φ ⋅ sin 2 θ ⋅ ( 4199 cos 8 θ − 6188 cos 6 θ + 2730 cos 4 θ − 364 cos 2 θ + 7 ) Y 10 3 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 256 5005 π ⋅ e 3 i φ ⋅ sin 3 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 7 θ − 357 cos 5 θ + 105 cos 3 θ − 7 cos θ ) Y 10 4 ( θ , φ ) = 3 256 5005 2 π ⋅ e 4 i φ ⋅ sin 4 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 6 θ − 255 cos 4 θ + 45 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 10 5 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 256 1001 π ⋅ e 5 i φ ⋅ sin 5 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 5 θ − 170 cos 3 θ + 15 cos θ ) Y 10 6 ( θ , φ ) = 3 1024 5005 π ⋅ e 6 i φ ⋅ sin 6 θ ⋅ ( 323 cos 4 θ − 102 cos 2 θ + 3 ) Y 10 7 ( θ , φ ) = − 3 512 85085 π ⋅ e 7 i φ ⋅ sin 7 θ ⋅ ( 19 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ ) Y 10 8 ( θ , φ ) = 1 512 255255 2 π ⋅ e 8 i φ ⋅ sin 8 θ ⋅ ( 19 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 10 9 ( θ , φ ) = − 1 512 4849845 π ⋅ e 9 i φ ⋅ sin 9 θ ⋅ cos θ Y 10 10 ( θ , φ ) = 1 1024 969969 π ⋅ e 10 i φ ⋅ sin 10 θ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{10}^{-10}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 1024}{\sqrt {969969 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-10i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{10}\theta \\Y_{10}^{-9}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 512}{\sqrt {4849845 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-9i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{9}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{10}^{-8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 512}{\sqrt {255255 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \cdot (19\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{10}^{-7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 512}{\sqrt {85085 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot (19\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{-6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 1024}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{4}\theta -102\cos ^{2}\theta +3)\\Y_{10}^{-5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {1001 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{5}\theta -170\cos ^{3}\theta +15\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{-4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {5005 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{6}\theta -255\cos ^{4}\theta +45\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{10}^{-3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{7}\theta -357\cos ^{5}\theta +105\cos ^{3}\theta -7\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{-2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 512}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (4199\cos ^{8}\theta -6188\cos ^{6}\theta +2730\cos ^{4}\theta -364\cos ^{2}\theta +7)\\Y_{10}^{-1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 256}{\sqrt {1155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{-i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (4199\cos ^{9}\theta -7956\cos ^{7}\theta +4914\cos ^{5}\theta -1092\cos ^{3}\theta +63\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{0}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 512}{\sqrt {21 \over \pi }}\cdot (46189\cos ^{10}\theta -109395\cos ^{8}\theta +90090\cos ^{6}\theta -30030\cos ^{4}\theta +3465\cos ^{2}\theta -63)\\Y_{10}^{1}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 256}{\sqrt {1155 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{i\varphi }\cdot \sin \theta \cdot (4199\cos ^{9}\theta -7956\cos ^{7}\theta +4914\cos ^{5}\theta -1092\cos ^{3}\theta +63\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{2}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 512}{\sqrt {385 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{2i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{2}\theta \cdot (4199\cos ^{8}\theta -6188\cos ^{6}\theta +2730\cos ^{4}\theta -364\cos ^{2}\theta +7)\\Y_{10}^{3}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 256}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{3i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{3}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{7}\theta -357\cos ^{5}\theta +105\cos ^{3}\theta -7\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{4}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 256}{\sqrt {5005 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{4i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{4}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{6}\theta -255\cos ^{4}\theta +45\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{10}^{5}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 256}{\sqrt {1001 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{5i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{5}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{5}\theta -170\cos ^{3}\theta +15\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{6}(\theta ,\varphi )&={3 \over 1024}{\sqrt {5005 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{6i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{6}\theta \cdot (323\cos ^{4}\theta -102\cos ^{2}\theta +3)\\Y_{10}^{7}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-3 \over 512}{\sqrt {85085 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{7i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{7}\theta \cdot (19\cos ^{3}\theta -3\cos \theta )\\Y_{10}^{8}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 512}{\sqrt {255255 \over 2\pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{8i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{8}\theta \cdot (19\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{10}^{9}(\theta ,\varphi )&={-1 \over 512}{\sqrt {4849845 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{9i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{9}\theta \cdot \cos \theta \\Y_{10}^{10}(\theta ,\varphi )&={1 \over 1024}{\sqrt {969969 \over \pi }}\cdot \mathrm {e} ^{10i\varphi }\cdot \sin ^{10}\theta \end{aligned}}}
Visualization of complex spherical harmonics [ edit ] [ edit ] Below the complex spherical harmonics are represented on 2D plots with the azimuthal angle, ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } θ {\displaystyle \theta }
The nodal 'line of latitude' are visible as horizontal white lines. The nodal 'line of longitude' are visible as vertical white lines.
Visual Array of Complex Spherical Harmonics Represented as 2D Theta/Phi Maps Below the complex spherical harmonics are represented on polar plots. The magnitude of the spherical harmonic at particular polar and azimuthal angles is represented by the saturation of the color at that point and the phase is represented by the hue at that point.
Visual Array of Complex Spherical Harmonics Represented with Polar Plot Polar plots with magnitude as radius [ edit ] Below the complex spherical harmonics are represented on polar plots. The magnitude of the spherical harmonic at particular polar and azimuthal angles is represented by the radius of the plot at that point and the phase is represented by the hue at that point.
Visual Array of Complex Spherical Harmonics Represented with Polar Plot with Magnitude Mapped to Radius Real spherical harmonics [ edit ] For each real spherical harmonic, the corresponding atomic orbital symbol (s , p , d , f ) is reported as well.[ 2] [ 3]
For ℓ = 0, …, 3, see.[ 4] [ 5]
Y 00 = s = Y 0 0 = 1 2 1 π {\displaystyle Y_{00}=s=Y_{0}^{0}={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{\pi }}}}
Y 1 , − 1 = p y = i 1 2 ( Y 1 − 1 + Y 1 1 ) = 3 4 π ⋅ y r = 3 4 π sin ( θ ) sin φ Y 1 , 0 = p z = Y 1 0 = 3 4 π ⋅ z r = 3 4 π cos ( θ ) Y 1 , 1 = p x = 1 2 ( Y 1 − 1 − Y 1 1 ) = 3 4 π ⋅ x r = 3 4 π sin ( θ ) cos φ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{1,-1}&=p_{y}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{1}^{-1}+Y_{1}^{1}\right)={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y}{r}}={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\sin(\theta )\sin \varphi \\Y_{1,0}&=p_{z}=Y_{1}^{0}={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {z}{r}}={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\cos(\theta )\\Y_{1,1}&=p_{x}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{1}^{-1}-Y_{1}^{1}\right)={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x}{r}}={\sqrt {\frac {3}{4\pi }}}\sin(\theta )\cos \varphi \end{aligned}}}
Y 2 , − 2 = d x y = i 1 2 ( Y 2 − 2 − Y 2 2 ) = 1 2 15 π ⋅ x y r 2 = 1 4 15 π sin 2 θ sin ( 2 φ ) Y 2 , − 1 = d y z = i 1 2 ( Y 2 − 1 + Y 2 1 ) = 1 2 15 π ⋅ y ⋅ z r 2 = 1 4 15 π sin ( 2 θ ) sin φ Y 2 , 0 = d z 2 = Y 2 0 = 1 4 5 π ⋅ 3 z 2 − r 2 r 2 = 1 4 5 π ( 3 cos 2 θ − 1 ) Y 2 , 1 = d x z = 1 2 ( Y 2 − 1 − Y 2 1 ) = 1 2 15 π ⋅ x ⋅ z r 2 = 1 4 15 π sin ( 2 θ ) cos φ Y 2 , 2 = d x 2 − y 2 = 1 2 ( Y 2 − 2 + Y 2 2 ) = 1 4 15 π ⋅ x 2 − y 2 r 2 = 1 4 15 π sin 2 θ cos ( 2 φ ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{2,-2}&=d_{xy}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{2}^{-2}-Y_{2}^{2}\right)={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {xy}{r^{2}}}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\sin ^{2}\theta \sin(2\varphi )\\Y_{2,-1}&=d_{yz}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{2}^{-1}+Y_{2}^{1}\right)={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y\cdot z}{r^{2}}}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\sin(2\theta )\sin \varphi \\Y_{2,0}&=d_{z^{2}}=Y_{2}^{0}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {3z^{2}-r^{2}}{r^{2}}}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}(3\cos ^{2}\theta -1)\\Y_{2,1}&=d_{xz}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{2}^{-1}-Y_{2}^{1}\right)={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x\cdot z}{r^{2}}}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\sin(2\theta )\cos \varphi \\Y_{2,2}&=d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{2}^{-2}+Y_{2}^{2}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x^{2}-y^{2}}{r^{2}}}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {15}{\pi }}}\sin ^{2}\theta \cos(2\varphi )\end{aligned}}}
Y 3 , − 3 = f y ( 3 x 2 − y 2 ) = i 1 2 ( Y 3 − 3 + Y 3 3 ) = 1 4 35 2 π ⋅ y ( 3 x 2 − y 2 ) r 3 Y 3 , − 2 = f x y z = i 1 2 ( Y 3 − 2 − Y 3 2 ) = 1 2 105 π ⋅ x y ⋅ z r 3 Y 3 , − 1 = f y z 2 = i 1 2 ( Y 3 − 1 + Y 3 1 ) = 1 4 21 2 π ⋅ y ⋅ ( 5 z 2 − r 2 ) r 3 Y 3 , 0 = f z 3 = Y 3 0 = 1 4 7 π ⋅ 5 z 3 − 3 z r 2 r 3 Y 3 , 1 = f x z 2 = 1 2 ( Y 3 − 1 − Y 3 1 ) = 1 4 21 2 π ⋅ x ⋅ ( 5 z 2 − r 2 ) r 3 Y 3 , 2 = f z ( x 2 − y 2 ) = 1 2 ( Y 3 − 2 + Y 3 2 ) = 1 4 105 π ⋅ ( x 2 − y 2 ) ⋅ z r 3 Y 3 , 3 = f x ( x 2 − 3 y 2 ) = 1 2 ( Y 3 − 3 − Y 3 3 ) = 1 4 35 2 π ⋅ x ( x 2 − 3 y 2 ) r 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{3,-3}&=f_{y(3x^{2}-y^{2})}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-3}+Y_{3}^{3}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y\left(3x^{2}-y^{2}\right)}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,-2}&=f_{xyz}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-2}-Y_{3}^{2}\right)={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\frac {105}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {xy\cdot z}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,-1}&=f_{yz^{2}}=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-1}+Y_{3}^{1}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {21}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y\cdot (5z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,0}&=f_{z^{3}}=Y_{3}^{0}={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {7}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {5z^{3}-3zr^{2}}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,1}&=f_{xz^{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-1}-Y_{3}^{1}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {21}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x\cdot (5z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,2}&=f_{z(x^{2}-y^{2})}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-2}+Y_{3}^{2}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {105}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {\left(x^{2}-y^{2}\right)\cdot z}{r^{3}}}\\Y_{3,3}&=f_{x(x^{2}-3y^{2})}={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{3}^{-3}-Y_{3}^{3}\right)={\frac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x\left(x^{2}-3y^{2}\right)}{r^{3}}}\end{aligned}}}
Y 4 , − 4 = i 1 2 ( Y 4 − 4 − Y 4 4 ) = 3 4 35 π ⋅ x y ( x 2 − y 2 ) r 4 Y 4 , − 3 = i 1 2 ( Y 4 − 3 + Y 4 3 ) = 3 4 35 2 π ⋅ y ( 3 x 2 − y 2 ) ⋅ z r 4 Y 4 , − 2 = i 1 2 ( Y 4 − 2 − Y 4 2 ) = 3 4 5 π ⋅ x y ⋅ ( 7 z 2 − r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 , − 1 = i 1 2 ( Y 4 − 1 + Y 4 1 ) = 3 4 5 2 π ⋅ y ⋅ ( 7 z 3 − 3 z r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 , 0 = Y 4 0 = 3 16 1 π ⋅ 35 z 4 − 30 z 2 r 2 + 3 r 4 r 4 Y 4 , 1 = 1 2 ( Y 4 − 1 − Y 4 1 ) = 3 4 5 2 π ⋅ x ⋅ ( 7 z 3 − 3 z r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 , 2 = 1 2 ( Y 4 − 2 + Y 4 2 ) = 3 8 5 π ⋅ ( x 2 − y 2 ) ⋅ ( 7 z 2 − r 2 ) r 4 Y 4 , 3 = 1 2 ( Y 4 − 3 − Y 4 3 ) = 3 4 35 2 π ⋅ x ( x 2 − 3 y 2 ) ⋅ z r 4 Y 4 , 4 = 1 2 ( Y 4 − 4 + Y 4 4 ) = 3 16 35 π ⋅ x 2 ( x 2 − 3 y 2 ) − y 2 ( 3 x 2 − y 2 ) r 4 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{4,-4}&=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-4}-Y_{4}^{4}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {xy\left(x^{2}-y^{2}\right)}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,-3}&=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-3}+Y_{4}^{3}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y(3x^{2}-y^{2})\cdot z}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,-2}&=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-2}-Y_{4}^{2}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {xy\cdot (7z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,-1}&=i{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-1}+Y_{4}^{1}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {y\cdot (7z^{3}-3zr^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,0}&=Y_{4}^{0}={\frac {3}{16}}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {35z^{4}-30z^{2}r^{2}+3r^{4}}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,1}&={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-1}-Y_{4}^{1}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x\cdot (7z^{3}-3zr^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,2}&={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-2}+Y_{4}^{2}\right)={\frac {3}{8}}{\sqrt {\frac {5}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {(x^{2}-y^{2})\cdot (7z^{2}-r^{2})}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,3}&={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-3}-Y_{4}^{3}\right)={\frac {3}{4}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{2\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x(x^{2}-3y^{2})\cdot z}{r^{4}}}\\Y_{4,4}&={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2}}}\left(Y_{4}^{-4}+Y_{4}^{4}\right)={\frac {3}{16}}{\sqrt {\frac {35}{\pi }}}\cdot {\frac {x^{2}\left(x^{2}-3y^{2}\right)-y^{2}\left(3x^{2}-y^{2}\right)}{r^{4}}}\end{aligned}}}
Visualization of real spherical harmonics [ edit ] [ edit ] Below the real spherical harmonics are represented on 2D plots with the azimuthal angle, ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
