Hummay
| Hummay | |
|---|---|
| Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | |
| Reign | 1085–1097 |
| Predecessor | Abd al-Jalil I |
| Successor | Dunama I Umemi |
| Spouse | Kinta |
| Issue | Dunama I Umemi |
| Dynasty | Sayfawa dynasty |
| Father | Abd al-Jalil I (?) |
| Mother | Tigiram (?) |
Hummay (Hummay bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl), also referred to as Umme, Houmé or Hume, was the mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1085–1097.[1][2]
Life
[edit]Hummay is considered to be the founder of a new dynastic line in Kanem, the Sayfawa dynasty.[3] Although he was of Kanembu origin,[4] Hummay and his dynasty claimed descent from a Yemeni noble named Saif ibn Dhi Yazan. other African dynasties of this time sometimes made similar claims to Arab origin as a source of prestige.[3]
Despite being seen as establishing a new dynasty, later sources indicate that Hummay was the son of his predecessor, Abd al-Jalil I[5][6] and Abd al-Jalil's consort Tigiram.[6] The "dynastic shift" has sometimes been attributed to religion, with Hummay perhaps being the empire's first Muslim ruler.[5] This is incorrect, however, since both Abd al-Jalil and Abd al-Jalil's predecessor Hu were Muslim.[3] The spread of Islam during Hummay's reign apparently provoked some dissension in the empire, which caused the Toubou people to break from imperial rule and move east.[7]
Hummay's consort was named Kinta[6] and was of Toubou origin.[8] Hummay is said to have performed the Hajj twice. He died in Egypt during his third voyage, while accompanied by his son and successor Dunama I Umemi.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. McFarland & Company. p. 146.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
- ^ a b c Insoll, Timothy (2003). The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 273. ISBN 0-521-65171-9.
- ^ Nave, Ari (2005). "Chad". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- ^ a b Barth, Heinrich (1857). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken... 1849-1855. Longmans. p. 634.
- ^ a b c Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. pp. 73, 80, 82.
- ^ a b Page, Willie F. (2005). Davis, R. Hunt (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (Illustrated, revised ed.). Facts On File. p. 231.
- ^ Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. (1984). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 244. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
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