Forza Europa
| Forza Europa | |
|---|---|
| European Parliament group | |
| Name | Forza Europa |
| English abbr. | FE[1][2][3] |
| Formal name | Forza Europa |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-right[10] |
| From | 19 July 1994[11] |
| To | 6 July 1995[11] |
| Succeeded by | Union for Europe |
| Chaired by | Giancarlo Ligabue[12] |
| MEP(s) | 27 (21 July 1994) |
Forza Europa was a conservative political group that operated in the European Parliament between 1994 and 1995. Most of its MEPs were affiliated with the Forza Italia party of Silvio Berlusconi.
History[edit]
27 MEPs from the Italian centre-right party Forza Italia, along with MEPs of the Christian Democratic Centre and the Union of the Centre, were elected in the 1994 European election and formed their own Group, self-referentially called "Forza Europa", on 19 July 1994.[11] The group was unique at the time for being dominated one national-level political party, and being composed of MEPs from a single EU member nation.[13] The group was generally sceptical of European integration.[8]
The group was joined on 15 December 1994 by one MEP of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party,[14] and one MEP of the Federalists and Liberal Democrats.[15]
The Group lasted until it merged with the European Democratic Alliance to form the "Group Union for Europe"[13][16][17] on 6 July 1995.[11][18]
Members[edit]
| Country | Name | Ideology | MEPs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Italy | Forza Italia | FI | Liberal conservatism Populism | 27 / 87 | |
| Italy | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | PSDI | Conservatism Euroscepticism | 1 / 87 | |
| Italy | Federalists and Liberal Democrats | FLD | Liberalism Christian democracy | 1 / 87 | |
Sources[edit]
- Democracy in the European Parliament[1]
- Europe Politique[11]
- European Parliament MEP Archives[12][17]
- Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament[2]
- European Parliament 1996 press releases[3]
- European Parliament election website 1999[16]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Hix, Simon; Noury, Abdul; Gérard, Roland (11 July 2005). Democracy in the European Parliament (PDF). p. 38.
- ^ a b Development of Political Groups in the European Parliament Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Composition of the European Parliament 1996-11-11, 1996-01-01, 1995-12-31 and 1994-07-19
- ^ Calossi, Enrico; Cicchi, Lorenzo. European Parliament Political Groups and European Political Parties: Development and relationship between two faces of the EU political system (PDF). European University Institute. p. 7.
- ^ Silva, Catarina Isabel Pereira e (2020). O euroceticismo nos Grupos Políticos do Parlamento Europeu pós-2008. Universidade do Minho. p. 56.
- ^ a b Maggini, Nicola; De Sio, Lorenzo; Emanuele, Vincenzo (2014). "La destra populista ed euroscettica: l'evoluzione della sua affermazione elettorale". Le Elezioni Europee 2014. Rome: CISE. p. 82. ISBN 9788898012145.
- ^ Remmers, Freke (2010). DE HAAGSE POLITIEK VINDT DAT ITALIË HET ZELF MOET WETEN: Over de Nederlandse overheidsreactie op de komst van het Italiaanse kabinet-Berlusconi I. Universiteit Utrecht. p. 45.
- ^ a b Colin Pilkington (1995). Britain in the European Union Today. Manchester University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7190-4562-2.
- ^ Álvarez, María Victoria (2015). "El euroescepticismo en el Parlamento europeo. Análisis del comportamiento legislativo y político de los diputados euroescépticos de la Cuarta a la Séptima legislaturas (1994-2014). ¿Cambio o continuidad en la Octava legislatura 1 (2014-2019)?". Cuadernos Europeos de Deutso. 52. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. ISSN 1130-8354.
- ^ Colomer, Josep. How Political Parties, Rather than Member-States, Are Building the European Union. Barcelona: Pompeu Fabra University. p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e UFE on Europe Politique
- ^ a b European Parliament profile of Giancarlo Ligabue
- ^ a b Julie Smith (1999). Europe's Elected Parliament. A&C Black. pp. 89, 91, 134. ISBN 978-1-85075-999-7.
- ^ Your MEPs : Archives : Enrico FERRI
- ^ Your MEPs : Archives : Marilena MARIN
- ^ a b Group names 1999
- ^ a b European Parliament profile of Jean-Claude Pasty
- ^ Thomas Jansen; Steven Van Hecke (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 63. ISBN 978-3-642-19414-6.