Bibliography of slavery in the United States

This bibliography of slavery in the United States is a guide to books documenting the history of slavery in the U.S., from its colonial origins in the 17th century through the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished the practice in 1865. In addition, links are provided to related bibliographies and articles elsewhere in Wikipedia.

Histories[edit]

Baptist, Edward E.; Camp, Stephanie M.H., eds. (2006). New Studies in the History of American Slavery. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2563-7.
Bennett, Lerone Jr. (1966) [1962]. Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America, 1619-1966. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.
Berlin, Ira (1998). Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-81092-9. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1999^[2]
—— (2003). Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01061-2.
Brooks, James F. (2011) [2002]. Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press (for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture). ISBN 978-0807827147. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2003^[3]
Brown, Richard D. (1976). Slavery in American Society. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0669000736.
Christian, Charles M.; Bennet, Sari (1998). Black Saga: The African American Experience, A Chronology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-68717-9.
Davis, David Brion (2006). Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514073-6.
David, Paul A. (1976). Reckoning with Slavery: A Critical Study in the Quantitative History of American Negro Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502034-0.
Drescher, Seymour (2009). Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139482967.
Fischer, David Hackett (2022). African Founders: How Enslaved People Expanded American Ideals. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781982145118.
Fogel, Robert (1989). Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-01887-3.
Foner, Eric, ed. (2017) [2005]. Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Volume 1. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-60339-2.
Genovese, Eugene D. (1974). Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-49131-9. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1975^[4]

Johnson, Charles; Smith, Patricia (1999). Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Jones, Jacqueline; Wood, Peter H.; Borstelmann, Thomas; May, Elaine Tyler; Ruiz, Vicki L., eds. (2017) [2011]. Created Equal: A History of the United States, Volume I: To 1877. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-13-410198-9.
——; ——; ——; ——; ——, eds. (2017) [2011]. Created Equal: A History of the United States, Volume II: Since 1865. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-13-410199-6.
Jordan, Don; Walsh, Michael (2008). White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-4296-9.
Kolchin, Peter (1987). Unfree Labor: American Slavery and Russian Serfdom. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-92097-X. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1988^[5]

—— (1999) [1992]. American Slavery, 1619–1877. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-1554-4.
Mann, Charles C. (2011). 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Oakes, James (1983) [1982]. The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-71639-6.
Painter, Nell Irvin (2007). Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513756-9.
—— (2010). The History of White People. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-04934-3.
Paquette, Robert L.; Smith, Mark M., eds. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Slavery in the Americas. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-922799-0.
Quarles, Benjamin (1996) [1964]. The Negro in the Making of America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81888-4.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (1999). Chronology of World Slavery. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc. ISBN 0-87436-884-7.
Rose, Peter I., ed. (2008) [1970]. Slavery and Its Aftermath. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction. ISBN 978-0-202-30941-5.
Schermerhorn, Calvin (2018). Unrequited Toil: A History of United States Slavery. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02766-4.
Schneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J. (2000). Slavery in America: From Colonial Times to the Civil War, An Eyewitness History. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-3863-5.
Smith, Clint (2021). How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery across America. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316492935. National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, 2021^[6]
Stampp, Kenneth M. (1956). The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South. New York: Vintage Books.
Tannenbaum, Frank (1947) [1946]. Slave and Citizen: The Negro in Americas. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Tomlins, Christopher (2010). Freedom Bound: Law, Labor, and Civic Identity in Colonizing English America. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139490931. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2011^[7]

Walker, James W. (1992) [1976]. The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783-1870. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-7402-2.
Washington, Booker T. (1909). The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery, Volume I. New York: Association Press (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).
—— (1909). The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery, Volume II. New York: Association Press (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).
White, Deborah Gray; Bay, Mia; Martin, Waldo E. Jr., eds. (2013). Freedom on My Mind: A History of African Americans, Volume 1. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. ISBN 978-1-319-06052-7.
——; ——; ——, eds. (2013). Freedom on My Mind: A History of African Americans, Volume 2: Since 1865. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. ISBN 978-1-319-06053-4.
Wilentz, Sean (2005). The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05820-4.
Wood, Betty (1997). The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-7456-7.

Regions[edit]

The North[edit]

Berlin, Ira; Harris, Leslie M., eds. (2005). Slavery in New York. New York: New Press. ISBN 1-56584-997-3.
Farrow, Anne (2006). Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-46783-3.
Hardesty, Jared Ross (2018). Unfreedom: Slavery and Dependence in Eighteenth-Century Boston. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-1-4798-0184-8.
Hodges, Graham Russell Hodge (1999). Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613—1863. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2492-5.
Lane, Roger (1986). Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-77990-8. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1987^[8]

Litwack, Leon F. (1961). North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226485850.
Nash, Gary B. (2007). Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-565-7.
Ottley, Roi; Weatherby, William J., eds. (1967). The Negro in New York: An Informal Social History, 1626-1940. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Whitfield, Harvey Amani (2016). North to Bondage: Loyalist Slavery in the Maritimes. Vancouver, BC: UBC (University of British Columbia) Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-3229-8.

The South[edit]

Boles, John B. (2015). Black Southerners, 1619–1869. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-5786-3.
Breen, T.H.; Innes, Stephen (1980). 'Myne Owne Ground': Race and Freedom on Virginia's Eastern Shore, 1640-1676. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503206-3.
Bullock, Henry Allen (1967). A History of Negro Education in the South, from 1619 to the Present. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674399501. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1968^[9]

Campbell, Randolph B. (1989). An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821-1865. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-1505-3.
Colburn, David R.; Landers, Jane L., eds. (1995). The African American Heritage of Florida. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1332-1.
Craven, Wesley Frank (1971). White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian. Charlottesville, VA: The University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-0372-6.
Dunaway, Wilma A. (2003). Slavery in the American Mountain South. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81275-5.
Ely, Melvin Patrick (2004). Israel on the Appomattox: A Southern Experiment in Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44738-5. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2005^[10]
Engs, Robert Francis (1979). Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia, 1861-1890. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7768-6.
Faust, Drew Gilpin (1977). A Sacred Circle: The Dilemma of the Intellectual in the Old South, 1840-1860. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-1967-9.
Fields, Barbara J. (1985). Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02340-5.
Freehling, William W. (1966) [1965]. Prelude to Civil War: The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina, 1816-1836. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507681-8. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1967^[11]
Genovese, Eugene D.; Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth (2011). Fatal Self-Deception: Slaveholding Paternalism in the Old South. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01164-9.
Greenberg, Kenneth S (1996). Honor & Slavery. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02734-X.
Hahn, Steven (2003). A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01169-4. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2004; Pulitzer Prize for History, 2004^[12]
Haskell, Alexander B. (2017). For God, King and People: Forging Commonwealth Bonds in Renaissance Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press (for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia). ISBN 9781469618029.
Ingersoll, Thomas N. (1999). Mammon and Manon in Early New Orleans: The First Slave Society in the Deep South, 1718-1819. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 1-57233-023-6.
Jennison, Watson W. (2012). Cultivating Race: The Expansion of Slavery in Georgia, 1750–1860. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3426-0.
Jewett, Clayton E.; Allen, John O. (2004). Slavery in the South: A State-By-State History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32019-5.
Kay, Marvin L. Michael; Cary, Lorin Lee (1995). Slavery in North Carolina, 1748-1775. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2197-7.
Koger, Larry (1985). Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters In South Carolina, 1790-1860. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 0-89950-160-5.
Merritt, Keri Leigh (2017). Masterless Men: Poor Whites and Slavery in the Antebellum South. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107184244.
Morgan, Philip D. (1998). Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press (for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture). ISBN 0-8078-2409-7. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1999^[13]
Painter, Nell Irvin (2002). Southern History across the Color Line. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2692-8.
Rutman, Darrett B.; Rutman, Anita H. (1984). A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650-1750. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-01801-6.
Sellers, James Benson (1950). Slavery in Alabama. University, AL: University of Alabama Press.
Sydnor, Charles S. (1965) [1933]. Slavery in Mississippi. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
Taylor, Alan (2013). The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772-1832. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-07371-3. Pulitzer Prize for History, 2014^[14]
Taylor, Joe Gray (1969) [1963]. Slavery in Louisiana. Metairie, LA: Louisiana Historical Association. ISBN 9780837116372.
Trexler, Harrison Anthony (1914). Slavery in Missouri, 1804–1865. Lancaster, PA: The New Era Printing Company.
Wasserman, Adam (2010) [2009]. A People's History of Florida 1513–1876: How Africans, Seminoles, Women, and Lower Class Whites Shaped the Sunshine State. Scotts Valley, California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4421670-9-4.
West, Emily (2004). Chains of Love: Slave Couples in Antebellum South Carolina. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02903-8.
Wood, Peter H. (1974). Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31482-0.

Historical eras[edit]

Reconstruction/Jim Crow Eras: 1870s—1965[edit]

Biographies[edit]

Alford, Terry (1977). Prince among Slaves. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504223-9.
Andrews, William L. (1986). To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760-1865. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01222-4.
Ball, Edward (1998). Slaves in the Family. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 0-374-26582-8. National Book Award for Nonfiction, 1998^[21]
Bell, Malcolm Jr. (1987). Major Butler's Legacy: Five Generations of a Slaveholding Family. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-0897-8.
Betts, Robert B. (2000) [1985]. In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific with Lewis and Clark. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 0-87081-618-7.
Blight, David W. (2020) [2018]. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781416590316. Pulitzer Prize for History, 2019;^[20] Bancroft Prize for American History, 2019^[22]
Bradford, Sarah H. (1981) [1961]. Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith. ISBN 0-8446-1717-2.
Braxton, Joanne, ed. (1989). Black Women Writing Autobiography: A Tradition within a Tradition. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 0-87722-639-3.
Chesnut, Mary Boykin Miller (1981) [1905]. Woodward, C. Vann (ed.). Mary Chesnut's Civil War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02459-2. Pulitzer Prize for History, 1982^[23]
Collison, Gary (1997). Shadrach Minkins: From Fugitive Slave to Citizen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-80298-5.
Egerton, Douglas R. Egerton (1999). He Shall Go Out Free: The Lives of Denmark Vesey. Madison, WI: Madison House. ISBN 0-945612-67-2.
Faust, Drew Gilpin (1982). James Henry Hammond and the Old South: A Design for Mastery. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1048-5.
Foner, ed. (1971). Nat Turner. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 013-933143-3.
Gordon-Reed, Annette (1997). Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-1698-4.
—— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06477-3. National Book Award for Nonfiction, 2008^[24]
Hanks, Stephen (2019). Twenty Africans: Their Story, and Discovery of Their Black, Red, & White Descendants. Portland, OR: Inkwater Press. ISBN 978-1629016573.
Hinks, Peter P. (1997). To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and the Problem of Antebellum Slave Resistance. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01578-0.
Hurston, Zora Neale (2018). Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo". New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062748225.
Johnson, Michael P. (1984). Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-30314-4.
Lewis, David Levering (1993). W.E.B. Du Bois, 1868-1919: Biography of a Race. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-8050-2621-5. Bancroft Prize for American History, 1994^[25]
Logan, Rayford W.; Winston, Michael R., eds. (1982). Dictionary of American Negro Biography. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-01513-0.
McFeely, William S. (1991). Frederick Douglass. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31376-X.
McGinty, Brian (2017). The Rest I Will Kill: William Tillman and the Unforgettable Story of How a Free Black Man Refused to Become a Slave. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-63149-301-0.
Oates, Stephen B. (1984) [1970]. To Purge This Land with Blood: A Biography of John Brown. Amherst, MA: The University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-458-7.
Pease, Jane H.; Pease, William H. (1972). Bound with Them in Chains: A Biographical History of the Antislavery Movement. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8371-6265-3.
Rediker, Marcus (2017). The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist. London: Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-78663-472-6.
Rhodes, Jane (1999) [1998]. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33446-2.
Rosengarten, Theodore (1974). All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0-394-49084-3.
—— (1987). Tombee: Portrait of a Cotton Planter, with the Plantation Journal of Thomas B. Chaplin (1822-1890). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. ISBN 0-07-053821-2.
Schweninger, Loren (1984). From Tennessee Slave to St. Louis Entrepreneur: The Autobiography of James Thomas. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826204318.
Stauffer, John (2008). Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. New York: Twelve. ISBN 978-0-446-54300-2.
Sterling, Dorothy (1958). Captain of the Planter: The Story of Robert Smalls. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
—— (1971). The Making of an Afro-American: Martin Robison Delany, 1812-1885. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
Taylor, Elizabeth Dowling (2012). A Slave in the White House: Paul Jennings and the Madisons. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1137000187.
Thomas, Lamont D. (1986). Rise to Be a People: A Biography of Paul Cuffe. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01212-7.
Thompson, Mack (1962). Moses Brown, Reluctant Reformer. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Washington, Booker T. (2003) [1901]. Brundage, W. Fitzhugh (ed.). Up From Slavery: An Autobiography. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. ISBN 0-312-39448-9.
Whitten, David O. (1981). Andrew Durnford: A Black Sugar Planter in Antebellum Louisiana. Natchitoches, LA: Northwestern State University Press. ISBN 0917898-06-0.

Essay collections[edit]

The following collections explore either related topics or a range of issues tied to slavery. Many of the essays are by leading scholars on the subject.

Adams, Herbert B., ed. (1969) [1893-1914]. Slavery in the States: Selected Essays. New York: Negro Universities Press. ISBN 9780837120850.
Aptheker, Herbert (1964). Essays in the History of the American Negro. New York: International Publishers, Inc. ISBN 9780717800612.
Cooper, Frederick; Scott, Rebecca J.; Holt, Thomas C. (2000). Beyond Slavery: Explorations of Race, Labor, and Citizenship in Postemancipation Societies. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2541-7.
Countryman, Edward, ed. (1999). How Did American Slavery Begin?: Readings. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-18261-9.
Engerman, Stanley L.; Genovese, Eugene D., eds. (1975). Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere: Quantitative Studies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-10024-1.
Engerman, Stanley Lewis (1999). Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3521-6.
Fredrickson, George M. (1988). The Arrogance of Race: Historical Perspectives on Slavery, Racism, and Social Inequality. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-5177-5.
Freehling, William W. (1994). The Reintegration of American History: Slavery and the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508807-7.
Gispen, Kees (1990). What Made the South Different?: Essays and Comments. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0-87805-454-5.
Nash, Gary B.; Weiss, Richard, eds. (1970). The Great Fear: Race in the Mind of America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 9780030852701.
Newton, James E.; Lewis, Ronald L., eds. (1978). The Other Slaves: Mechanics, Artisans, and Craftsmen. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co. ISBN 0-8161-8102-0.
Palmer, Colin A., ed. (1998). The Worlds of Unfree Labour: From Indentured Servitude to Slavery. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86078-515-7.
Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell (1968). Genovese, Eugene D. (ed.). The Slave Economy of the Old South: Selected Essays in Economic and Social History. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
Sansing, David G. (1978). What Was Freedom's Price?: Essays. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0-87805-046-9.
Tate, Thad W.; Ammerman, David, eds. (1979). The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American Society. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-00956-4.
Weinstein, Allen; Gatell, Frank Otto; Sarasohn, David, eds. (1979) [1968]. American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502470-2.
Woodward, C. Vann (1993) [1960]. The Burden of Southern History. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-1894-X.

Encyclopedias[edit]

Harper, William; Hammond, James H.; Simms, William Gilmore; Dew, Thomas Roderick (1852). The Pro-Slavery Argument; As Maintained by the Most Distinguished Writers of the Southern States. Charleston, SC: Walker, Richards & Co.
Kingsley, Zephaniah (2000) [1828]. Stowell, Daniel W. (ed.). Balancing Evils Judiciously: The Proslavery Writings of Zephaniah Kingsley. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813021171.

Topics[edit]

Abolition/anti-slavery[edit]

Aptheker, Herbert (1968) [1948]. To Be Free: Studies in American Negro History. New York: International Publishers Co., Inc.
—— (1989). Abolitionism: A Revolutionary Movement. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-9702-5.
Barnes, Gilbert Hobbs (1957) [1933]. The Antislavery Impulse, 1830—1844. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
Blackburn, Robin (1988). The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery. New York: Verso. ISBN 0-86091-188-8.
Blackett, R.J.M. (1983). Building an Anti-Slavery Wall: Black Americans in the Atlantic Abolitionist Movement, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-1082-5.
Blackmon, Douglas A. (2008). Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-50625-0.
Bruns, Roger, ed. (1977). Am I Not a Man and a Brother: The Antislavery Crusade of Revolutionary America. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 0-87754-035-7.
Coddon, Karin (2004). Black Abolitionists. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0-7377-1711-4.
Colman, Julia; Thompson, Matilda G. (1859). The Child's Anti-Slavery Book: Containing a Few Words about American Slave Children and Stories of Slave-Life. New York: Carlton & Porter.
Cutter, Martha J. (2017). The Illustrated Slave: Empathy, Graphic Narrative, and the Visual Culture of the Transatlantic Abolition Movement, 1800-1852. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820351162.
Davis, David Brion (1970) [1966]. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. London: Pelican Books.
—— (2015) [2014]. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307389695. National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, 2014^[27]
Dillon, Merton L. (1974). The Abolitionists: The Growth of a Dissenting Minority. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-87580-044-0.
Dottin, Paul Anthony (2002). The End of Race as We Know It: Slavery, Segregation, and the African American Quest for Redress. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University. ISBN 9780493912769.
Dumond, Dwight Lowell (1966) [1961]. Antislavery: The Crusade for Freedom in America. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Foner, Eric (2016). The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18137-1.
Gellman, David Nathaniel (2006). Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom, 1777–1827. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University. ISBN 978-0-8071-3174-9.
Goodell, William (1844). Views of American Constitutional Law in Its Bearing Upon American Slavery. Utica, NY: Jackson & Chaplin.
Grover, Kathryn (2001). The Fugitive's Gibraltar: Escaping Slaves and Abolitionism in New Bedford. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-271-2.
Hammond, John Craig; Mason, Matthew, eds. (2011). Contesting Slavery: The Politics of Bondage and Freedom in the New American Nation. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-3105-0.
Harrold, Stanley. American Abolitionism: Its Direct Political Impact from Colonial Times into Reconstruction (U of Virginia Press, 2019) online.
Harrold, Stanley (2001). American Abolitionists. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-35738-1.
Hinks, Peter; McKivigan, John, eds. (2015). Abolition and Antislavery: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-1-61069-827-6.
Hochschild, Adam (2005). Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-10469-0.
Kraditor, Aileen S. (1969) [1967]. Means and Ends in American Abolitionism: Garrison and His Critics on Strategy and Tactics, 1834-1850. Chicago: Vintage Books. ISBN 9780394708492.
Locke, Mary Stoughton (1965) [1901]. Anti-Slavery in America, from the Introduction of African Slaves to the Prohibition of the Slave Trade. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
Mathews, Donald G., ed. (1972). Agitation for Freedom: The Abolitionist Movement. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-57623-9.
McCarthy, Timothy Patrick; Stauffer, John, eds. (2006). Prophets of Protest: Reconsidering the History of American Abolitionism. New York: New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-992-1.
McKivigan, John R., ed. (1999). Abolitionism and American Law. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-8153-3109-6.
McPherson, James M. (1975). The Abolitionist Legacy: From Reconstruction to the NAACP. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04637-9.
—— (1995). The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691005553.
Moore, Wilbert E. (1971). American Negro Slavery and Abolition: A Sociological Study. New York: The Third Press.
Morgan, Edmund S. (1995) [1975]. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31288-7.
Mullin, Michael, ed. (1976). American Negro Slavery: A Documentary History. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-339-3.
Nellis, Eric Guest (2013). Shaping the New World: African Slavery in the Americas, 1500-1888. New York: University of Toronto Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4426-0764-4.
Newman, Richard; Rael, Patrick; Lapsansky, Philip, eds. (2001). Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790-1860. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92443-X.
O'Brien, James Bronterre (1885). The Rise, Progress, and Phases of Human Slavery: How It Came into the World and How It Shall Be Made to Go Out. London: William Reeves.
Oakes, James (2007). The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06194-9.
—— (2013). Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06531-2.
—— (2014). The Scorpion's Sting: Antislavery and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-23993-5.
—— (2021). The Crooked Path to Abolition: Abraham Lincoln and the Antislavery Constitution. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 9781324005865.
Pease, Jane H.; Pease, William H. (1972). Bound with Them in Chains: A Biographical History of the Antislavery Movement. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8371-6265-3.
Perry, Lewis (1973). Radical Abolitionism: Anarchy and the Government of God in Antislavery Thought. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0754-0.
—— (1981) [1979]. Antislavery Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Abolitionists. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-0479-5.
Quarles, Benjamin (1972) [1969]. Black Abolitionists. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-500804-9.
Rael, Patrick (2015). Eighty-Eight Years: The Long Death of Slavery in the United States, 1777–1865. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3395-3.
Rhodes, Jane (1999) [1998]. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33446-2.
Ripley, C. Peter (1985). The Black Abolitionist Papers, Volume I: The British Isles, 1830-1865. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1625-6. 1st of 5 volumes
—— (1985). The Black Abolitionist Papers, Volume II: Canada, 1830-1865. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1698-1. 2nd of 5 volumes
——, ed. (2015) [2007]. Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World, Vols. 1-3. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7656-1257-1.
Root, Erik S. (2008). All Honor to Jefferson?: The Virginia Slavery Debates and the Positive Good Thesis. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-2217-4.
Scott, John Anthony (1978) [1974]. Hard Trials on My Way: Slavery and the Struggle Against It, 1800-1860. New York: New American Library. ISBN 0-3948-2045-2.
Senior, Nassau William (1856). American Slavery. London: T. Fellowes.
Sewell, Richard H. (1965). John P. Hale and the Politics of Abolition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674433243.
—— (1976). Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837-1860. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780393009668.
Sinha, Manisha (2016). The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18208-8. Frederick Douglass Book Prize.
Sklar, Kathryn Kish (2000). Women's Rights Emerges within the Anti-Slavery Movement, 1830-1870. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-10144-9.
Stewart, James Brewer (1976). Holy Warriors: The Abolitionists and American Slavery. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-5519-8.
Striner, Richard (2006). Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518306-1.
Thompson, Mack (1962). Moses Brown, Reluctant Reformer. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Thurston, Richard Bowers; Baldwin, Abraham Chittenden; Williston, Timothy (1857). Three Prize Essays on American Slavery. Boston: Congregational Board of Publications.
Vorenberg, Michael (2001). Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65267-7.
Walters, Ronald G. (1984) [1978]. The Antislavery Appeal: American Abolitionism after 1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-393-95444-7.
Wiecek, William M. (1977). The Sources of Antislavery Constitutionalism in America, 1760–1848. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1089-4.
Wilentz, Sean (2018). No Property in Man: Slavery and Antislavery at the Nation's Founding. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674972223.
Winch, Julie (2016). Between Slavery and Freedom: Free People of Color in America from Settlement to the Civil War. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5114-5.
Yellin, Jean Fagan (1994). The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women's Political Culture in Antebellum America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2728-2.
Zdrok-Ptaszek, Jodie, ed. (2002). The Anti-Slavery Movement. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0-7377-1047-0.
Zilversmit, Arthur (1967). The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Agriculture/plantations[edit]

Armstead, Myra Beth Young (2012). Freedom's Gardener: James F. Brown, Horticulture, and the Hudson Valley in Antebellum America. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-0510-0.
Ball, Edward (1998). Slaves in the Family. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 0-374-26582-8.
Beckert, Sven (2014). Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-41414-5. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2015^[28]
Bell, Malcolm Jr. (1987). Major Butler's Legacy: Five Generations of a Slaveholding Family. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-0897-8.
Berlin, Ira; Morgan, Philip D. (1993). Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-1421-3.
Berry, Daina Ramey (2010). Swing the Sickle for the Harvest Is Ripe: Gender and Slavery in Antebellum Georgia. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03146-5.

Blassingame, John Wesley (1979). The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502562-8.
Bowman, Shearer Davis (1993). Masters and Lords: Mid-Nineteenth Century U.S. Planters and Prussian Junkers. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505281-1.
Bruce, Philip Alexander (1907). Social Life of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century: An Inquiry into the Origin of the Higher Planting Class, Together with an Account of the Habits, Customs, and Diversions of the People. Richmond, VA: Whittet & Shepperson.
Carney, Judith A.; Rosomoff, Richard Nicholas (2009). In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa's Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25750-4.
Clarke, Erskine (2005). Dwelling Place: A Plantation Epic. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10867-2. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2006^[29]
Dunn, Richard S. (1973). Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-00692-1.
Easterby, J.H., ed. (1945). The South Carolina Rice Plantation as Revealed in the Papers of Robert F.W. Allston. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth (1988). Within the Plantation Household: Black and White Women of the Old South. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1808-9.
Genovese, Eugene D. (1971) [1969]. The World the Slaveholders Made. New York: Vintage Books.
Glymph, Thavolia (2008). Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87901-9.
Gray, Lewis Cecil (1958) [1933]. History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, Vol. 1. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
—— (1958) [1933]. History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, Vol. 2. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
Johnson, Walter (2013). River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04555-2.
King, Wilma (1997) [1995]. Stolen Childhood: Slave Youth in Nineteenth-Century America. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32904-3.
Kulikoff, Allan (1986). Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680–1800. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1671-X.
—— (1992). The Agrarian Origins of American Capitalism. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-1388-8.
Littlefield, Daniel C. (1981). Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-0794-8.
Main, Gloria L. (1982). Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04693-X.
Morgan, Lynda J. (1992). Emancipation in Virginia's Tobacco Belt, 1850-1870. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-1415-3.
Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell (1918). American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime. New York: D. Appleton and Co.
Reidy, Joseph P. (1992). From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South, Central Georgia, 1800–1880. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2061-X.
Scarborough, William Kauffman (1966). The Overseer: Plantation Management in the Old South. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
Small, Stephen; Eichstedt, Jennifer (2002). Representations of Slavery: Race and Ideology in Southern Plantation Museums. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-58834-071-6.
Smith, Julia Floyd (1973). Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida, 1821–1860. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press. ISBN 0-8130-0323-7.
Smith, Mark M. (1997). Mastered by the Clock: Time, Slavery, and Freedom in the American South. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2344-9.
Vincent, Stephen A. (1999). Southern Seed, Northern Soil: African-American Farm Communities in the Midwest, 1765-1900. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33577-9.
Vlach, John Michael (1993). Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2085-7.
Walsh, Lorena S. (2010). Motives of Honor, Pleasure, and Profit: Plantation Management in the Colonial Chesapeake, 1607-1763. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press (for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia). ISBN 978-0-8078-3234-9.
Wright, Gavin (1978). The Political Economy of the Cotton South: Households, Markets, and Wealth in the Nineteenth Century. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05686-4.
Yafa, Stephen (2005). Big Cotton: How a Humble Fiber Created Fortunes, Wrecked Civilizations, and Put America on the Map. Viking. ISBN 0-670-03367-7.

Constitution/law[edit]

Allain, Jean (2012). The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199660469.
Belz, Herman (1978). Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05692-9.
Bogues, Anthony; Cliatt, Cass; Levy, Allison, eds. (2021) [2006]. Slavery and Justice Report (PDF). Providence, RI: Brown University's Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice.
Brandon, Mark E. (1998). Free in the World: American Slavery and Constitutional Failure. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01581-3.
Brewster, Francis E. (1850). Slavery and the Constitution. Both Sides of the Question. Philadelphia: unknown publisher.
Campbell, James M. (2013). Crime and Punishment in African American History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-27380-1.
Fede, Andrew (1992). People Without Rights: An Interpretation of the Fundamentals of the Law of Slavery in the U.S. South. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-8153-0894-9.
Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1978). The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502403-6. Pulitzer Prize for History, 1979^[30]
—— (1981). Slavery, Law, and Politics: The Dred Scott Case in Historical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502882-1.
Finkelman, Paul (1981). An Imperfect Union: Slavery, Federalism, and Comity. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1438-5.
—— (1997). Dred Scott v. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford Books. ISBN 0-312-12807-X.
——, ed. (2002). Slavery & The Law. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-945612-36-2.
Goldstone, Lawrence (2005). Dark Bargain: Slavery, Profits, and the Struggle for the Constitution. New York: Walker & Company. ISBN 0-8027-1460-9.
Goldwin, Robert A.; Kaufman, Art, eds. (1988). Slavery and Its Consequences: The Constitution, Equality, and Race. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. ISBN 0-8447-3649-X.
Harris, J. William (2009). The Hanging of Thomas Jeremiah: A Free Black Man's Encounter with Liberty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15214-2.
Higginbotham, A. Leon (1978). In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502387-0.
Howard, Warren S. (1963). American Slavers and the Federal Law, 1837-1862. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lynd, Staughton, ed. (1968). Class Conflict, Slavery, and the United States Constitution: Ten Essays. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
Morris, Thomas D. (1974). Free Men All: The Personal Liberty Laws of the North, 1780-1860. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781584771074.
—— (1996). Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619–1860. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4817-4.
Tsesis, Alexander (2004). The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom: A Legal History. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-8276-0.
—— (2008). We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11837-7.
Tushnet, Mark V. (1981). The American Law of Slavery, 1810-1860: Considerations of Humanity and Interest. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-65702-8.
Van Cleve, George William (2010). A Slaveholders' Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-84668-2.
Wiecek, William M. (1977). The Sources of Antislavery Constitutionalism in America, 1760–1848. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1089-4.

Economics/capitalism[edit]

Aitken, Hugh G.J., ed. (1971). Did Slavery Pay?: Readings in the Economics of Slavery in the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 9780395112373.
Ashworth, John (1995). Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47487-6.
Bales, Kevin (1999). Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21797-7.
Bateman, Fred; Weiss, Thomas (1980). A Deplorable Scarcity: The Failure of Industrialization in the Slave Economy. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1447-4.
—— (2014). The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00296-2.
——; Rockman, Seth, eds. (2016). Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4841-8.
Berlin, Ira; Morgan, Philip D. (1991). The Slaves' Economy: Independent Production by Slaves in the Americas. Portland, OR: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-3436-0.
Bruce, Philip Alexander (1935) [1895]. Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, Volume I. New York: The Macmillan Company.
—— (1935) [1895]. Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, Volume II. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Conrad, Alfred H.; Meyer, John R. (1964). The Economics of Slavery, and Other Studies in Econometric History. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
Fogel, Robert William; Engerman, Stanley L. (1995). Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31218-6.
Galenson, David W. (1981). White Servitude in Colonial America: An Economic Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23686-X.
Genovese, Eugene D. (1966) [1961]. The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South. New York: Pantheon Books.
——; Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth (1983). Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503157-1.
Gutman, Herbert George (1975). Slavery and the Numbers Game: A Critique of Time on the Cross. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00564-3.
Hudson, Larry E. Jr. (1994). Working toward Freedom: Slave Society and Domestic Economy in the American South. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 1-878822-37-3.
Huston, James L. (2003). Calculating the Value of the Union: Slavery, Property Rights, and the Economic Origins of the Civil War. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2804-1.
—— (1992). The Agrarian Origins of American Capitalism. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-1388-8.
Kranz, Rachel (2004). African-American Business Leaders and Entrepreneurs. New York: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-5101-1.
Marable, Manning (1983). How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy, and Society. Boston: South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-165-6.
McCusker, John J.; Menard, Russell R. (1985). The Economy of British America, 1607-1789. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press (for the Institute of Early American History and Culture). ISBN 0-8078-1635-3.
McGlynn, Frank; Drescher, Seymour (1992). The Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics, and Culture After Slavery. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 0-8229-3695-X.
Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell (1968). Genovese, Eugene D. (ed.). The Slave Economy of the Old South: Selected Essays in Economic and Social History. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
Reidy, Joseph P. (1992). From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South, Central Georgia, 1800–1880. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2061-X.
Satre, Lowell J. (2005). Chocolate on Trial: Slavery, Politics, and the Ethics of Business. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. ISBN 0-8214-1625-1.
Schermerhorn, Jack Lawrence; Schermerhorn, Calvin (2015). The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815-1860. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-19200-1.
Williams, Eric Eustace (1966). Capitalism and Slavery. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 9780399500398.
Wright, Gavin (1978). The Political Economy of the Cotton South: Households, Markets, and Wealth in the Nineteenth Century. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05686-4.
—— (2006). Slavery and American Economic Development. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3183-1.

Emancipation/freedom[edit]

Arnold, Isaac Newton (1867). The History of Abraham Lincoln, and the Overthrow of Slavery. Chicago: Clarke & Co., Publishers.
Ayers, Edward L. (2017). The Thin Light of Freedom: The Civil War and Emancipation in the Heart of America. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-29263-3.
Bennett, Lerone Jr. (2007) [1999]. Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream. Chicago: Johnson Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87485-085-7.
Berlin, Ira; Hoffman, Ronald, eds. (1983). Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-0969-4.
—— (1992) [1974]. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: The New Press. ISBN 1-56584-028-3.
——; Fields, Barbara J.; Miller, Steven F.; Reidy, Joseph P.; Rowland, Leslie S. (1992). Free at Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Freedom, and the Civil War. New York: The New Press. ISBN 1-56584-015-1.
——; ——; ——; ——; —— (1992). Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43102-6.
Blackburn, Robin (2011). The American Crucible: Slavery, Emancipation and Human Rights. London; New York: Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-569-2.
Blair, William A.; Younger, Karen Fisher, eds. (2009). Lincoln's Proclamation: Emancipation Reconsidered. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3316-2.
Brewster, Todd (2014). Lincoln's Gamble: The Tumultuous Six Months that Gave America the Emancipation Proclamation and Changed the Course of the Civil War. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4516-9386-7.
Bruce, Philip Alexander (1889). The Plantation Negro as a Freeman: Observations on His Character, Condition, and Prospects in Virginia. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Carnahan, Burrus M. (2007). Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2463-6.
Cohen, David William; Greene, Jack P., eds. (1974). Neither Slave Nor Free: The Freedman of African Descent in the Slave Societies of the New World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-1374-3.
Duncan, Russell (1986). Freedom's Shore: Tunis Campbell and the Georgia Freedmen. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-0876-5.
Durden, Robert F. (1972). The Gray and the Black: The Confederate Debate on Emancipation. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-0244-X.
Engerman, Stanley L. (2007). Slavery, Emancipation & Freedom: Comparative Perspectives. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3236-4.
Fields, Barbara J. (1985). Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02340-5.
Foner, Eric; Brown, Joshua (2005). Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation and Reconstruction. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-40259-4.
—— (2010). The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06618-0. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2011;^[31] Pulitzer Prize for History, 2011^[32]
Gerteis, Louis S. (1973). From Contraband to Freedman: Federal Policy Toward Southern Blacks, 1861-1865. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-19-507681-8.
Guelzo, Allen C. (2004). Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-2182-6.
Halpern, Rick; Dal Lago, Enrico, eds. (2002). Slavery and Emancipation. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-631-21734-7.
Hanger, Kimberly S. (2006) [1997]. Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colonial New Orleans, 1769-1803. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1906-3.
Harding, Vincent (1981). There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-689089-5.
Hashaw, Tim (2007). The Birth of Black America: The First African Americans and the Pursuit of Freedom at Jamestown. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-1718-7.
Holzer, Harold (2012). Lincoln: How Abraham Lincoln Ended Slavery in America. New York: Newmarket Press for ItBooks. ISBN 978-0-06-226511-1.
—— (2015). A Just and Generous Nation: Abraham Lincoln and the fight for American Opportunity. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02830-6.
Horton, James O.; Horton, Lois (1999) [1979]. Black Bostonians: Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North. New York: Holmes & Meir. ISBN 0-8419-1379-X.
—— (1997). In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community and Protest among Northern Free Blacks. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504732-X.
Howard, Victor B. (1983). Black Liberation in Kentucky: Emancipation and Freedom, 1862-1864. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1433-0.
Johnson, Michael P. (1984). Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-30314-4.
Jones, Howard (1999). Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-2582-2.
Kachun, Mitch (2003). Festivals of Freedom: Memory and Meaning in African American Emancipation Celebrations, 1808–1915. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-407-3.
Larson, Edward J. (2023). American Inheritance: Liberty and Slavery in the Birth of a Nation, 1765–1795. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-88220-9.
Levine, Lawrence W. (2007) [1977]. Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530569-2.
Litwack, Leon F. (1961). North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226485850.
Long, David E. (1994). The Jewel of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln's Re-Election and the End of Slavery. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3441-7.
Morgan, Edmund S. (1995) [1975]. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31288-7.
Nash, Gary B.; Soderlund, Jean R. (1991). Freedom by Degrees: Emancipation in Pennsylvania and Its Aftermath. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504583-1.
Oakes, James (1990). Slavery and Freedom: An Interpretation of the Old South. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0-394-53677-0.
Patterson, Orlando (1991). Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. New York: Basic Books.
Proenza-Coles, Christina (2019). American Founders: How People of African Descent Established Freedom in the New World. Montgomery, AL: New South Books. ISBN 9781588383310.
Reidy, Joseph P. (2019). Illusions of Emancipation: The Pursuit of Freedom and Equality in the Twilight of Slavery. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9781469648378. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2020^[33]
Ripley, C. Peter (1976). Slaves and Freedmen in Civil War Louisiana. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-0187-7.
Roberts, John W. (1989). From Trickster to Badman: The Black Folk Hero in Slavery and Freedom. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-8122-8141-1.
Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. (2015) [2007]. Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World, Vols. 1-3. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7656-1257-1.
Rugemer, Edward Bartlett (2008). The Problem of Emancipation: The Caribbean Roots of the American Civil War. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3338-5.
Sansing, David G. (1978). What Was Freedom's Price?: Essays. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0-87805-046-9.
Schweninger, Loren (1997). Black Property Owners in the South, 1790-1915. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01678-5.
Sherrard, Owen Aubrey (1973). Freedom from Fear: The Slave and His Emancipation. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-7024-9.
Smith, Elbert B. (1967). The Death of Slavery: The United States, 1837-65. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Mark M. (1997). Mastered by the Clock: Time, Slavery, and Freedom in the American South. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2344-9.
Zilversmit, Arthur (1967). The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Government/politics[edit]

Anbinder, Tyler (1992). Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507233-2.
Ashworth, John (1995). Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47487-6.
Baker, Jean H. (1984). Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Mid-Nineteenth Century Democrats. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1513-6.
Belz, Herman (1978). Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05692-9.
Berwanger, Eugene H. (1967). The Frontier against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
——; Simpson, Brooks D. (2007) [1997]. Union and Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-951-8.
Brady, Steven J. (2022). Chained to History: Slavery and U.S. Foreign Relations to 1865. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501761058.
Bynum, Victoria E. (1992). Unruly Women: The Politics of Social and Sexual Control in the Old South. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2016-4.
Childers, Christopher (2012). The Failure of Popular Sovereignty: Slavery, Manifest Destiny, and the Radicalization of Southern Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1868-2.
Cowie, Jefferson (2022). Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 9781541672819. Pulitzer Prize for History, 2023^[34]
Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1978). The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502403-6. Pulitzer Prize for History, 1979^[30]
Finkelman, Paul (2010). In the Shadow of Freedom: The Politics of Slavery in the National Capital. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press (for the United States Capitol Historical Society). ISBN 978-0-8214-1934-2.
Foner, Eric (1995) [1970]. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-501352-2.
—— (1980). Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502781-7.
Freehling, Alice Goodyear (1982). Drift Toward Dissolution: The Virginia Slavery Debate of 1831–1832. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-1035-3.
Holt, Michael (1983) [1978]. The Political Crisis of the 1850s. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-95370-X.
—— (1968). Intellectual Origins of American Radicalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
Mason, Matthew (2006). Slavery and Politics in the Early American Republic. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3049-9.
McGlynn, Frank; Drescher, Seymour (1992). The Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics, and Culture After Slavery. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 0-8229-3695-X.
Miller, William Lee (1996) [1995]. Arguing about Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0-394-56922-9.
Nagel, Paul C. (1964). One Nation Indivisible: The Union in American Thought, 1776-1861. New York: Oxford University Press.
Robinson, Donald L. (1970). Slavery in the Structure of American Politics, 1765–1820. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-182972-1.
Sewell, Richard H. (1965). John P. Hale and the Politics of Abolition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674433243.
—— (1976). Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837-1860. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780393009668.
Silbey, Joel H. (1985). The Partisan Imperative: The Dynamics of American Politics Before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503551-8.
Smith, William Henry (1903). A Political History of Slavery: Being an Account of the Slavery Controversy from the Earliest Agitation in the Eighteenth Century to the Close of the Reconstruction Period in America. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.

Material culture[edit]

Katz-Hyman, Martha B.; Rice, Kym S., eds. (2010). World of a Slave: Encyclopedia of the Material Life of Slaves in the United States. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-34942-3.
McGill, Joseph Jr.; Frazier, Herb (2023). Sleeping with the Ancestors: How I Followed the Footprints of Slavery. New York: Hachette Books. ISBN 9780306829666.
Vlach, John Michael (1991). By the Work of Their Hands: Studies in Afro-American Folklife. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 978-0-8139-1366-7.

Native Americans[edit]

Craven, Wesley Frank (1971). White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian. Charlottesville, VA: The University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-0372-6.
Gallay, Alan (2002). The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08754-3. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2003^[35]
Halliburton, R. Jr. (1977). Red over Black: Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-9034-7.
Katz, William Loren (1997) [1986]. Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1442446373.
Lauber, Almon Wheeler (1913). Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States. Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law. Vol. 54. New York: Columbia University.
Littlefield, Daniel F. Jr. (1977). Africans and Seminoles: From Removal to Emancipation. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-9529-2.
Lopenzina, Drew (2012). Red Ink: Native Americans Picking Up the Pen in the Colonial Period. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-3979-2.
—— (2017). Through an Indian's Looking-Glass: A Cultural Biography of William Apess, Pequot. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 9781625342584.
Minges, Patrick N. (2003). Slavery in the Cherokee Nation: The Keetoowah Society and the Defining of a People, 1855–1867. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94586-0.
Mulroy, Kevin (2016). The Seminole Freedmen: A History. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3865-7.
Nash, Gary B. (1974). Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-769810-0.
Olexer, Barbara (2005) [1982]. The Enslavement of the American Indian in Colonial Times. Columbia, MD: Joyous Publishing. ISBN 0-9722740-4-9.
Perdue, Theda (1979). Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, 1540–1866. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0870495304.
Reséndez, Andrés (2016). The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0544947108. Bancroft Prize for American History, 2017^[36]
Roundtree, Helen (2006). Pocahontas, Powhatan, Opechancanough: Three Indian Lives Changed by Jamestown. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-2596-7.
Snyder, Christina (2010). Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04890-4.
Sturm, Circe (2002). Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23097-2.
Wasserman, Adam (2010) [2009]. A People's History of Florida 1513–1876: How Africans, Seminoles, Women, and Lower Class Whites Shaped the Sunshine State. Scotts Valley, California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4421670-9-4.
Yarbrough, Fay A. (2008). Race and the Cherokee Nation: Sovereignty in the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4056-6.

Proslavery[edit]

Ambrose, Douglas (1997). Henry Hughes and Proslavery Thought in the Old South. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-2080-4.
Faust, Drew Gilpin, ed. (1981). Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830-1860. Baton Rouge, LA: University of Louisiana Press. ISBN 0-8071-0855-3.
Jenkins, William Sumner (1960). Pro-Slavery Thought in the Old South. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
McKitrick, Eric L., ed. (1963). Slavery Defended: The Views of the Old South. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Smith, John David (1985). An Old Creed for the New South: Proslavery Ideology and Historiography, 1865-1918. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-23648-8.
Tise, Larry E. (1987). Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701-1840. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-0927-3.

Race/racism[edit]

Arthur, John (2007). Race, Equality, and the Burdens of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87937-8.
Berwanger, Eugene H. (1967). The Frontier against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Blight, David W.; Simpson, Brooks D. (2007) [1997]. Union and Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-951-8.
Breen, T.H.; Innes, Stephen (1980). 'Myne Owne Ground': Race and Freedom on Virginia's Eastern Shore, 1640-1676. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503206-3.
Brown, Kathleen M. (1996). Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press (for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia). ISBN 0-8078-2307-4.
Bruce, Dickson (2001). The Origins of African American Literature, 1680-1865. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-2066-3.
Byrd, W. Michael; Clayton, Linda A. (2000). An American Health Dilemma, Volume I: A Medical History of African Americans and the Problem of Race, Beginnings to 1900. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92449-9.
——; —— (2002). An American Health Dilemma: Volume II: Race, Medicine, and Health Care in the United States, 1900-2000. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92737-4.
Capitani, Diane N. (2009). Truthful Pictures: Slavery Ordained by God in the Domestic Sentimental Novel of the Nineteenth-Century South. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1232-8.
Cooley, Thomas (2001). The Ivory Leg in the Ebony Cabinet: Madness, Race, and Gender in Victorian America. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-284-4.

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