Teoria del controllo ebraico sui media

Tra le teorie del complotto antisemite una delle più diffuse è, senza dubbio, l'accusa, rivolta agli ebrei, di controllare i media per convergere l'opinione pubblica ai propri interessi. La teoria va a collegarsi alle altre accuse, secondo le quali, gli ebrei controllerebbero la finanza americana e internazionale, ponendosi, inoltre, come pesante forza d'influenza nella scena politica ed economica mondiale.[1][2][3][4]

Storia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Ottocento[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

L'emancipazione degli ebrei nel XIX secolo "ha permesso loro di possedere terre, entrare nel servizio civile e servire come ufficiali nelle forze armate nazionali. Ha creato l'impressione ad alcuni - in particolare a quelli che si sentivano lasciati indietro, traumatizzati dal cambiamento o incapaci di raggiungere la soddisfazione professionale e la sicurezza economica secondo le loro aspettative - che gli ebrei stessero rimpiazzando i non ebrei nelle professioni tradizionalmente riservate ai cristiani. Ha anche creato per alcuni l'impressione che, allo stesso tempo, gli ebrei fossero sovrarappresentati nelle professioni orientate al futuro della fine del XIX secolo: finanza, banca, commercio, industria, medicina, legge, giornalismo, arte, musica, letteratura e teatro"[5]. Il giornalismo fu quindi uno dei primi obiettivi delle teorie del complotto artificialmente scatenate contro gli ebrei.

L'accusa figurava tra i principali contenuti dei protocolli dei Savi di Sion[6] e fu ripresa e approfondita dalle pubblicazioni del Learbon Independent di Henry Ford negli Stati Uniti durante gli anni '20.

Prima metà del Novecento[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Durante gli anni '20, il Dearborn Independent, un giornale di proprietà dell'imprenditore Henry Ford, iniziò una serie di pubblicazioni incentrate sulla presunta influenza che gli ebrei avevano nella società americana, in particolare nel giornalismo e nel cinema.[7] Gran parte del materiale, incluse le accuse di controllo mediatico, traevano ispirazione dai Protocolli dei Savi di Sion, e furono in seguito ripubblicate sotto forma di libro: L'ebreo internazionale.[8] Comunque, nel 1927 prima, e nel 1942 dopo, Ford si scusò con la comunità di ebrei americani per i danni che la campagna del suo giornale poteva aver creato.[9]

Secondo i rapporti dell'ADL, L'ebreo internazionale continua ad essere pubblicato oggi negli Stati Uniti da Liberty Bell Publications.[10]

Oggi[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Secondo i dati riportati dallo storico Robert Michael per il suo libro A Concise History of American Antisemitism, ad un sondaggio del 2002, 48 milioni di americani avrebbero risposto di credere che "gli ebrei controllano i media".[11]

Nel luglio 2010, il regista Oliver Stone, già in passato al centro di polemiche per le sue dichiarazioni su Hitler, dichiarò nel corso di un'intervista al Sunday Times concernente i suoi propositi per la realizzazione di un film sull'Olocausto, che lo avrebbe sviluppato per via «dello strapotere ebraico nel mondo dei media», dicendo inoltre che «loro [gli ebrei] sono sempre in cima a qualsiasi commento, sono la lobby più potente che agisca a Washington. Israele ha fottuto la politica estera americana per anni». Per contro, oltre alle denunce delle organizzazioni ebraiche, l'ADL ribatté che «le sue teorie cospirative sono antisemite e le sue parole alimentano lo stereotipo del potere illegittimo detenuto dagli ebrei». Qualche tempo dopo, il regista si scusò dicendo di essersi male espresso circa i suoi pensieri.[12][13]

Note[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  1. ^ Foxman, Abraham H., The Deadliest Lies: The Israel Lobby and the Myth of Jewish Control, 2009, Chapter 5: "the old canard and conspiracy theory of Jewish control of the media."
  2. ^ Aviva Cantor, Jewish women/Jewish men: the legacy of patriarchy in Jewish life, Harper, SanFrancisco, 1995, p 24, p 25: "[refusal] to believe the reports in the wartime Jewish press of the mass murders of European Jews was rooted, in large part, in their conscious or unconscious acceptance of the myth of Jewish power.", "So much for the myth of Jewish control of the mass media."
  3. ^ Miller, Mark Crispin, "The Jewish Media: The Lie That Won't Die": "It is an old canard."
  4. ^ Gerald Krefetz, Jews and money: the myths and the reality, 1982, p 45, 71: "The major economic myth to pursue the Jews is simply stated: They control the banks, the money supply, the economy...", "Another corollary to the conspiracy theory is that Jews control the press and the communications industry."
  5. ^ ANTISEMITISM IN HISTORY: THE ERA OF NATIONALISM, 1800–1918.
  6. ^ Jacobs, Steven L., and Weitzman, Mark, Dismantling the big lie: the Protocols of the elders of Zion, KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003., pp 21-22, 34-38, 77-81, 82-83.
  7. ^ *ADL report: "The assertion that Jews 'control' Hollywood, the media, banking and finance, among other things, is an anti-Semitic canard which dates back more than 70 years to an anti-Jewish campaign waged in the 1920s by the Dearborn Independent, a long-defunct publication backed by the late industrialist Henry Ford."
    • Carr, pp 82-90
    • Levy, pp 163-164, article "Dearborn Independent and The International Jew"
    • Dumenil, Lynn, The modern temper: American culture and society in the 1920s, Macmillan, 1995, p. 216:
    "Thus the Dearborn Independent, week after week, presented the Jewish conspiracy to destroy Christian civilization as Jews embarked on their relentless pursuit of power. And it presented a successful pursuit: Jews allegedly had already ascended to a dominant role in … the media."
    • Representative quote from the Dearborn Independent: "The motion picture influence of the United States - and Canada - is exclusively under the control, moral and financial, of the Jewish manipulators of the public mind... the picture business, on its commercial side, is Jewish through and through... This ill-concealed propaganda of the Jewish movie picture control is also directed against non-Jewish religions. You never saw a Jewish rabbi depicted on the screen in any but a most honorable attitude. He is clothed with all the dignity of his office and he is made as impressive as can be. Christian clergymen, as any movie fan will readily recall, were subjected to all sorts of misrepresentation, from the comic to the criminal. Now, this attitude is distinctly Jewish. Like many unlabeled influences in our life, whose sources lead back to Jewish groups, the object is to break down as far as possible all respectful or considerate thought about the clergy." The Dearborn Independent, 19 February 1921
    • Gabler, p 277:
    Gabler quotes the Dearborn Independent: "Jew-controlled not only in spots, not 50 percent merely, but entirely; with the natural consequences that now the world is in arms against the trivializing and demoralizing influences of that form of entertainment as presently managed.... As soon as the Jews gained control of the 'movies', we had a movie problem, the consequences of which are not yet visible. It is the genius of that race to create problems of a moral character in whatever business they achieve a majority."
  8. ^
    "Ford charged the 'International Jew' with a string of intrigues, from bringing the United States into World War I, to manipulating American business and finance for their own ends, to corrupting Anglo-Saxon virtues through their control of Hollywood and the music industry."
    • ADL report:
    "To the present day, anti-Semites have continued to allege that Jews are engaged in a conspiracy to "control" Hollywood. Indeed, the Dearborn Independent's anti-Jewish writings continue to be circulated by anti-Semitic entities such as Liberty Bell Publications under the title The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem."
  9. ^ ADL report
  10. ^ ADL report:
    "To the present day, anti-Semites have continued to allege that Jews are engaged in a conspiracy to "control" Hollywood. Indeed, the Dearborn Independent's anti-Jewish writings continue to be circulated by anti-Semitic entities such as Liberty Bell Publications under the title The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem."
  11. ^ Robert Michael, A concise history of American antisemitism, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, p 210
  12. ^ OLIVER STONE/ “Gli ebrei controllano i media”. Il regista di Platoon si scusa ma la polemica resta alta
  13. ^ "Gli ebrei controllano i media" E' bufera su Oliver Stone - Repubblica.it

Bibliografia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  • Alexander, Edward, The Jewish idea and its enemies: personalities, issues, events, Transaction Publishers, 1988
  • Alterman, Eric, "Intractable Foes, Warring Narratives", MSNBC.com, March 28, 2002. online.
  • Anti Defamation League, "Alleged Jewish 'Control' of the American Motion Picture Industry" (cited as "ADL report"), September 1999, online.
  • Brook, Vincent, Something ain't kosher here: the rise of the "Jewish" sitcom, Rutgers University Press, 2003.
  • Carr, Steven Alan, Hollywood and anti-semitism: a cultural history up to World War II, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Cash, William, "Kings of the Deal", The Spectator, 29 October 1994, p. 14-16.
  • Cockburn, Alexander, The politics of anti-Semitism, AK Press, 2003.
  • Alan T. Davies, Antisemitism in Canada: history and interpretation, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1992, ISBN 0-88920-216-8.
  • Dearborn publishing Co., The International Jew: Jewish activities in the United States, The Dearborn publishing Co., 1921.
  • Foxman, Abraham H., The deadliest lies: the Israel lobby and the myth of Jewish control, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
  • Gabler, Neal, An empire of their own: how the Jews invented Hollywood, Crown Publishers, 1988.
  • Goldberg, J.J., Jewish power: inside the American Jewish establishment, Basic Books, 1997.
  • Jacobs, Steven L., and Weitzman, Mark, Dismantling the big lie: the Protocols of the elders of Zion, KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003.
  • Karsh, Efraim, Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest, Grove Press, 2004
  • Koch, Edward I., The Koch Papers: My Fight Against Anti-Semitism, Macmillan, 2009. Reprinting an article Koch originally published 10 August 1990 in the New York Post.
  • Kramer, Naomi, Civil courage: a response to contemporary conflict and prejudice, Peter Lang, 2007
  • Küntzel, Matthias, Jihad and Jew-hatred: Islamism, Nazism and the roots of 9/11, Telos Press Publishing, 2007
  • Levy, Richard S., Antisemitism: a historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution, Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2005
  • Mearsheimer, John J., and Walt, Stephen M, The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy, Macmillan, 2007.
  • Rafael Medoff, Jewish Americans and political participation: a reference handbook, ABC-CLIO, 2002, ISBN 1-57607-314-9.
  • Melnick, Jeffrey Paul, A Right to Sing the Blues: African Americans, Jews, and American Popular Song, Harvard University Press, 2001.
  • Michael, Robert, Dictionary of antisemitism from the earliest times to the present, Scarecrow Press, 2007.
  • Miller, Mark Crispin, "The Jewish Media: The Lie That Won't Die", article for Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, FAIR: The Jewish Media: The Lie That Won't Die, su fair.org.
  • Milton-Edwards, Beverly, Islamic Politics in Palestine, I.B.Tauris, 1999
  • Silberman, Charles E., A Certain People: American Jews and Their Lives Today, Simon & Schuster, 1986.
  • Robert Singh, The Farrakhan phenomenon: race, reaction, and the paranoid style in American politics, Georgetown University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-87840-658-1.
  • Tulchinsky, Gerald, "Goldwin Smith: Victorian Canadian Antisemite", in Antisemitism in Canada: history and interpretation, Alan T. Davies (Ed), Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1992.
  • Weinraub, Bernard. "The Talk of Hollywood; A Stereotype of Jews in Hollywood Is Revived",The New York Times, November 7, 1994, p. C11.
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