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Psychiatric symptoms | Psychodynamic explanation | Neural correlates | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Depression | Anger turned inward | Limbic-cortical dysregulation, monoamine imbalance | Mayberg (1997) |
Mania (Bipolar disorder) | Narcissistic | Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, anterior cingulate, amygdala | Barrett et al. (2003), Vawter, Freed, & Kleinman (2000) |
Schizophrenia | Narcissistic/escapism | NMDA receptor activation in the human prefrontal cortex | Ross et al. (2006) |
Visual hallucination | Projection, cold distant mother causing a weak ego | Retinogeniculocalcarine tract, ascending brainstem modulatory structures | Mocellin, Walterfang, Velakoulis, (2006) |
Auditory hallucination | Projection, cold distant mother causing a weak ego | Frontotemporal functional connectivity | Shergill et al., 2000 |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder | Harsh parenting leading to love-hate conflict | Frontal-subcortical circuitry, right caudate activity | Saxena et al. (1998), Gamazo-Garran, Soutullo and Ortuno (2002) |
Eating disorder | Attempted control of internal anxiety | Atypical serotonin system, right frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction, changes to mesolimbic dopamine pathways | Kaye et al. (2005), Uher and Treasure (2005), Olsen (2011), Slochower (1987) |