Timeline of video formats

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

A video format is a medium for video recording and reproduction. The term is applied to both the physical recording media and the recording formats. Video is recorded and distributed using a variety of formats, some of which store additional information.[1][2]

Timeline of video format developments

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Year Physical media formats Recording formats
1889 Film
A film strip
An analogue medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed, edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector. It is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals.
1956 Quadruplex videotape
A reel of 2-inch quadruplex videotape
The first practical and commercially successful analogue recording video tape format, developed and released for the broadcast television industry by Ampex.
1971 U-matic
A U-matic tape
Analogue video format developed by Sony, among the first video formats to contain the videotape inside a cassette. Mainly saw use in the television broadcast industry.
1975 Betamax
A Betamax tape
Analogue video format developed by Sony. Inspired the later Betacam professional format.
1976 Type B videotape
Type B videotape, one hour reel
Reel-to-reel analogue recording video tape format developed by the Bosch Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany. It became the broadcasting standard in continental Europe, but adoption was limited in the United States and United Kingdom, where the Type C videotape format met with greater success.
1976 Type C videotape
Sony BVH-2000 1-inch VTR
Professional reel-to-reel analogue recording helical scan videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex and Sony in 1976. Displaced the 2-inch quadruplex videotape in the broadcasting industry.
1976 VHS
Video Home System
Analogue video recording on tape cassettes. Beat Betamax to become the dominant format for home analogue video.
1978 LaserDisc
Close-up of grooves on a LaserDisc
Analogue video that was read via laser stored on a 12 inch disc.
1981 Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED)
Exposed CED disc
The Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED) is an analogue video disc playback system developed by RCA, in which video and audio could be played back on a TV set using a special needle and high-density groove system similar to phonograph records.
1984 8mm
A Video8 videocassette.
Three related video cassette formats: the original Video8, Hi8, its improved variant, and Digital8. With much smaller tapes than VHS and Betamax, this format became very popular in the consumer camcorder market.
1987 Super VHS
An S-VHS tape.
An improved version of the VHS standard for consumer-level video recording. S-VHS improves luminance (luma) resolution by increasing luminance bandwidth. Increased bandwidth is possible because of the increased luminance carrier from 3.4 megahertz (MHz) to 5.4 MHz. The luminance modulator bandwidth also is increased: in contrast to standard VHS's frequencies of 3.8 MHz (sync tip) to 4.8 MHz (peak white), S-VHS uses 5.4 MHz sync tip and 7.0 MHz peak white.
1995 DV
DV cassettes: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV.
DV, from Digital Video, is a family of codecs and tape formats used for storing digital video, launched in 1995 by a consortium of video camera manufacturers led by Sony and Panasonic.
1997 DVD-Video
A stack of DVD RW disks
Digital. MPEG-2 video format and Dolby Digital or Digital Theatre System (DTS) audio format stored on a DVD
1999 VideoMD
World's first VideoMD Camcorder, Sony DCM-M1.
Digital format which stored video on MiniDisc. Saw limited use.
2001 MicroMV
MicroMV videocassette
Proprietary videotape format introduced in October 2001 by Sony. It is the smallest videotape format.
2003 DualDisc
One side DVD, one side CD - It's the DualDisc
Digital. Multiple formats encoded onto the same disc
2005 HD DVD
An HD DVD
Digital. Uses VC-1, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, or H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 video formats and Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio audio formats
2006 Blu-ray Disc
Blu-Ray discs and their containers
Digital. Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio
2008 slotMusic
A SlotMusic microSD card: an early attempt to sell pre-recorded music on an SD card
Digital. Primarily used for MP3, however may also include high-quality images and videos. Stored on microSD or microSDHC.
Blu-spec CD Digital. PCM
2016 Ultra HD Blu-ray
Back of a triple layer Ultra HD Blu-Ray Disc
Digital H.265/MPEG-H Part 2 (HEVC). Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Demetris, Jordan (1990-01-01). "The challenge of introducing digital audio tape technology into consumer markets". Technology in Society. 12 (1): 91–100. doi:10.1016/0160-791X(90)90031-7. ISSN 0160-791X.
  2. ^ Cornell University Library (2003). "Digital Preservation and Technology Timeline". Digital Preservation Management. USA. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
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