Siemens-Duewag Supertram

Siemens-Duewag Supertram
Stagecoach Supertram 114
In service	1994–present
Manufacturer	Siemens–Duewag
Built at	Düsseldorf, Germany
Constructed	1992
Refurbished	2006–2009
Number built	25
Number in service	25
Fleet numbers	101–125 (originally 01–25)
Capacity	86 seats, 155 standing per tram
Operators	Sheffield Supertram
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	34.75 m (114 ft 0 in)
Width	2.65 m (8 ft 8 in)
Height	3,645 mm (11 ft 11+1⁄2 in)
Floor height	450–880 mm (1 ft 6 in – 2 ft 11 in)
Platform height	450 mm (1 ft 6 in)
Articulated sections	3 (two articulations)
Wheel diameter	670–588 mm (26.4–23.1 in) (new–worn)[1]
Wheelbase	1,800 mm (5 ft 11 in)
Maximum speed	80 km/h (50 mph)
Weight	52 t (51 long tons; 57 short tons) (tare)
Traction system	GTO armature chopper
Traction motors	4 × 1KB2121 227 kW (304 hp) DC motor
Power output	908 kW (1,218 hp)
Transmission	4.833 : 1 (29 / 6) gear ratio
Acceleration	1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2)[1]
Deceleration	1.5 m/s2 (4.9 ft/s2) (service; design) 1.16 m/s2 (3.8 ft/s2) (service; limited) 3 m/s2 (9.8 ft/s2) (emergency; design) 2.46 m/s2 (8.1 ft/s2) (emergency; limited) [1]
Electric system(s)	750 V DC (nominal) from overhead catenary
Current collector(s)	Brecknell Willis high reach pantograph
UIC classification	B′+B′B′+B′
Braking system(s)	Electrical brake (combined regenerative and rheostatic brake) spring-applied pneumatic brake (stand-by and parking brake), track brake
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Notes/references
[2][3]

The Siemens-Duewag Supertram is a fleet of 25 trams built by Siemens-Duewag of Düsseldorf, Germany, in 1992 for use on the Sheffield Supertram light rail network in England. They were the only trams in use on the network until the entry into service of British Rail Class 399 tram-trains in 2017. As of May 2020, all 25 remain operational.

History[edit]

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After undergoing trials on Düsseldorf's Rheinbahn system, the trams were delivered to Sheffield via the Rotterdam-Immingham cargo ship route. The trams are bidirectional and consist of three articulated carriages with a low-floor area of 40%. All four entrances are at 42 cm (16.5 in) low level matching the height of the platforms to provide level access. The low-floor areas have limited seating and provide space for pushchairs and wheel chairs. The high floor areas are 88 cm (34.6 in) high and can be found at the outer-end of each end carriage and in the centre carriage; they are reached by either two or three steps.

Because the Supertram network includes gradients up to 10%, all vehicle axles are powered, which limits the low-floor area to that between the bogies. For maximized low floor area, the middle bogies are installed entirely below the centre carriage section rather than under the articulations. The wheels are type Bochum 84, have resilient rubber inserts and have a diameter of 67 cm (26.4 in). They may be worn to a diameter of at least 59 cm (23.2 in).

There are four monomotor bogies, each powered by a longitudinally suspended DC motor driving both axles. The power supply is 750 V DC from overhead lines using a Brecknell Willis high reach pantograph. Speed is controlled from the cab by a joystick controller with a Dead man's switch, which must be held in place to keep the track brakes from automatically applying. No other vigilance control is fitted, because of the perceived safety of a system of street-running trams. Drivers are seated on sprung seats for comfort and a public address system allows them to communicate with passengers.

The vehicle interior is designed to meet safety requirements. The interior fittings have no sharp edges to prevent any injury and there are numerous grab rails for standing passengers. The interior lining of the ceiling consists of aluminium honeycomb bonded with melamine coloured resin. The lining is attached to suspension points welded to the roof section. The inside walls are made from coloured melamine material. The complete lining for the articulations consists of coloured fibreglass. The rear wall of the driving cab is made of laminated wood with a melamine veneer.

Passengers have 86 upholstered seats, mostly arranged face to face. The low floor areas possess minimum seating to provide space for wheelchairs in accordance with the requirements of the DPTAC. Studies were carried out by the Cranfield Institute of Technology to ensure that all members of the public may have access to the vehicles.

From September 2005, the trams' manual destination boards were changed to multicolour LED signs conforming with the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA), whilst pre-recorded next stop announcements were introduced to replace announcements made by drivers. Three voices with local accents were chosen to record the destination messages on the three different tram lines.

All trams were refurbished between January 2006 and February 2009, with the first refurbished tram being launched at Supertram's Nunnery depot on 27 January 2006. The refurbishment bought the trams to conform to the Disability Discrimination Act inside, whilst also repainting the trams into new Stagecoach corporate colours, finished in a blue livery similar to that of South West Trains.^[4]

In May 2009 the second part of the refresh programme began, which was an overhaul of the tram's under-floor running equipment. It lasted until the end of 2012 and meant that one tram was once again permanently unavailable for service, and the system therefore continued to operate with 23 trams out of an 'available for service' fleet of 25.^[5]

Liveries[edit]

The initial tram livery was overall light grey with a dark blue skirt,^[6] and Supertram fleetnames. A minor modification appeared just prior to the Stagecoach Group rebranding, when the current motto was added to the centre car in large letters under the windows.

Following the Stagecoach being awarded the operating franchise in 1997, the trams were rebranded into the corporate Stagecoach identity, a white base with three stripes, with a Stagecoach fleet name and SUPERTRAM strapline, in line with their UK bus fleet. Later, as the bus fleets were given a new livery, a dark blue base was added under the orange, red and blue stripes.

Between January 2006 and January 2009 the entire fleet was refurbished internally as part of the 'refresh programme'. In parallel, the tram livery was rebranded to the current scheme, a predominantly blue livery and more prominent logo and a smaller subordinate Stagecoach identifier. This was loosely based on the blue version of the South West Trains corporate Stagecoach livery. Before and after images of the refresh are available on the operator's website.^[5]

In addition to the standard liveries, a number of all over advertising schemes have been used on individual trams for places such as the Meadowhall Centre,^[7][8] a jobs website,^[9] sister Stagecoach company East Midlands Trains,^[10] the new Sheffield IKEA^[11] store, Doncaster Sheffield Airport, XPO Logistics^[12] and fashion website PrettyLittleThing.^[13]

Since 2010, tram 120 has featured a non-standard livery to mark the 50th anniversary of the closure of the former tram network and to celebrate the influence of the trams on the city. The design featured a similar blue and cream colour as were used on the original Sheffield Tramway, the Sheffield City coat of arms and removal of the external advertisements. Tram 120 has recently been repainted and no longer carries this livery.^[5]

• 
  Original livery
• 
  Stagecoach corporate livery, 1997 - 2006
• 
  Stagecoach dedicated supertram livery, 2006–present

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duewag trams of Sheffield Supertram.

• Supertram website
• Supertram Design methodology
• Stagecoach Supertram at thetrams.co.uk