Siege of Tbilisi (1122)
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
| Siege of Tbilisi (1122) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Georgian Crusade | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Kingdom of Georgia |  Emirate of Tbilisi | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| David IV | Unknown | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 6000 | 1000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 4000 | 700 including 500+ Arabs executed | ||||||||
The Siege of Tbilisi (Georgian: თბილისის შემოერთება) in February 1122 was led by David IV of Georgia, who successfully conquered the Emirate of Tbilisi, which had been established by the Arab conquests four centuries earlier. Having reclaimed Tbilisi, David's campaign marked the beginning of the end for Arab rule in Georgia; the Georgian army went on to retake the rest of the region and secured a critical victory in the Georgian–Seljuk wars. The collapse of the Emirate of Tbilisi also allowed the Kingdom of Georgia to contest territory within the rest of the weakening Seljuk Empire,[1] laying a critical foundation for the Georgian Golden Age.
Background[edit]
The Emirate of Tbilisi was established in 736 following the Umayyad invasion of Georgia, which managed to occupy the city of Tbilisi and its environs from their previous holders, Principality of Iberia. The emirate was controlled by Arab dynasties throughout the next centuries despite unsuccessful Georgian attempts during the reign of King Bagrat IV to recapture its capital.
In 1062, Tbilisi became governed by its city council composed mostly of monks until it was recaptured by Alp Arslan six years later, during the Great Turkish Invasion. In 1080, the city council regained control in a period of weakened emirs' authority.
Following the devastating defeat of Muslim alliance forces at the Battle of Didgori in August 1121, King David IV managed to drive the foreign occupiers out from the region until he reached the outskirts of Tbilisi.
Siege[edit]
By the end of 1121, David besieged Tbilisi. The city tried to resist, but the military strikes of Georgians were so strong that it was pointless to continue fighting. The siege also put the population in a difficult time. The rulers of Tbilisi decided to negotiate with the king, in which they sent ambassadors to David and asked for a truce, but the king's decision was unwavering - Tbilisi had to submit to the central government. David refused to negotiate with the ambassadors.[2] In the middle of February 1122, the Georgian army made a decisive attack and took the city.[3][4]
Aftermath[edit]
David showed great severity towards the population, in which he killed many, including 500 Arabs who were put on a spiked polearm and tortured to death.[4] After capturing Tbilisi, David moved the capital of Georgia from Kutaisi to Tbilisi. However, the Arab historian al-'Ayni (1360–1451), who utilizes sources, some of which have not survived, admits that the city was pillaged but says that the Georgian king eventually showed patience and "respected the feelings of the Muslims." A well-educated man, he preached tolerance and acceptance of other religions, abrogated taxes and services for the Muslims and Jews, and protected the Sufis and Muslim scholars.
References[edit]
- ^ Tsurtsumia, Mamuka (2015). "Medieval Georgian Poliorcetica". Historia i Świat (4): 175–204. ISSN 2299-2464.
- ^ Samushia 2015, p. 37.
- ^ Pubblici 2022, p. 20.
- ^ a b History of Georgia 2012, p. 398.
Sources[edit]
- Pubblici, Lorenzo (2022). Mongol Caucasia: Invasions, Conquest, and Government of a Frontier Region in Thirteenth-Century Eurasia (1204-1295). Brill.
- Minorsky, Vladimir (1993). "Tiflis". In Houtsma, M. Th.; van Donzel, E.. E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Brill. p. 755. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- Samushia, Jaba (2015). Illustrated history of Georgia. Tbilisi: Palitra L. ISBN 978-9941-21-755-5.
- Lortkipanidze, Mariam; Japaridze, Otar; Muskhelishvili, David; Metreveli, Roin (2012). History of Georgia in four volumes, vol. II - History of Georgia from the 4th century to the 13th century. Tbilisi: National Academy of Sciences of Georgia. ISBN 978-9941-19-585-3.