Nycteribiidae
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| Nycteribiidae | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Nycteribiidae Samouelle 1819 |
| Subfamilies | |
| Three; see text | |
Nycteribiidae is a family of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea are known as "bat flies", together with their close relatives the Streblidae. As the latter do not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable that bat flies cannot be united into a single family.[1]
They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and as such bear very little resemblance to other Dipterans. These flies are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274[2] known species occur in the Neotropics and in Europe.
General[edit]
- Subfamily Archinycteribiinae Maa, 1975
- Archinycteribia Speiser, 1901
- Subfamily Cyclopodiinae Maa, 1965
- Cyclopodia Kolenati, 1863
- Dipseliopoda Theodor, 1955
- Eucampsipoda Kolenati, 1857
- Leptocyclopodia Theodor, 1959
- Subfamily Nycteribiinae Westwood, 1835
- Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
- Hershkovitzia Guimarães & d'Andretta, 1956
- Nycteribia Latreille, 1796
- Penicillidia Kolenati, 1863
- Phthiridium Hermann, 1804
- Stereomyia Theodor, 1967[2]
- Stylidia Westwood, 1840
Morphology[edit]
One of the key morphological features of Nycteribiidae is their highly reduced compound eyes. Many species of Nycteribiidae contain no visible eyes or contain only rudimentary eye spots. None of the species contain wings. They have backward folded legs that resemble those of spiders and a dorsally inserted head.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ Frederik Torp Petersen; Rudolf Meier; Sujatha Narayanan Kutty; Brian M. Wiegmann (2007). "The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (1): 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023. PMID 17583536.
- ^ a b Gustavo Graciolli & Carl W. Dick (October 22, 2008). "Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., Marion Kotrba, and Robert S. Copeland. "Further details of the morphology of the enigmatic African fly Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae)." African Invertebrates 52.1 (2011): 145-165.
Further reading[edit]
- Dick, C. W., & Patterson, B. D. (2006). "Bat flies: Obligate ectoparasites of bats". Micromammals and Macroparasites. Tokyo: Springer. pp. 179–194. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-36025-4_11. ISBN 9784431360247.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Bertola, P.B.; Aires, C.C.; Favorito, S.E.; Graciolli, G.; Amaku, M. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2005). "Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations" (PDF). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 100 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762005000100005. PMID 15867959.
- Graciolli, G. & Moura, M.O. (2005). "Basilia quadrosae sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), member of the ferruginea group, from southern Brazil" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa. 1087: 33–38. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1087.1.2.
- Graciolli, G.; Passos, F.C.; Pedro, W.A. & Lim, B.K. (200). "Records of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from São Paulo State, Brazil". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 110 (3): 402–404. doi:10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[402:ROSAND]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86335986. HTML abstract
- Graciolli, G.; Dick, C.W. & Gettinger, D. (2006). "A faunal survey of nycteribiid flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) associated with bats in Paraguay" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1220: 35–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1220.1.3.[permanent dead link]
- Graciolli, G.; Autino, A.G. & Claps, G.L. (2007). "Catalogue of American Nycteribiidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 51 (2): 142–159. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262007000200004.
- Haelewaters, D., Pfliegler, W. P., Szentiványi, T., Földvári, M., Sándor, A. D., Barti, L., ... & Dick, C. W. (2017). "Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe". Parasites & Vectors. 10 (1): 96. doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2022-y. PMC 5320862. PMID 28222795.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Szentiványi T., Estók P., Földvári M. (2016). "Checklist of host associations of European bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae, Streblidae)". Zootaxa. 4205 (2): 101–126. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.2.1. PMID 27988583. S2CID 21118030.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
- Diptera.info Images
- Nycteribiidae page at British Insects: Diptera Families Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine (Contains links to illustrations)
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