Murgleys

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Murgleys, or Murgleis (possibly "Death brand"[1]) is the sword of Ganelon, a traitorous French (Frankish) count and nemesis to the titular hero of the epic La chanson de Roland (The Song of Roland).[1][2]

According to the French version, its "golden pommel (l'orie punt)"[3][a] held some kind of a holy "relic".[7][9]

In the Middle High German adaptation (Konrad der Pfaffe's Rolandslied) the sword is called Mulagir, touted to be the "best short sword in all of France",[b] described as having a carbuncle on its pommel that shone bright by night, forged by a smith named Madelger in Regensburg. It had belonged to Naimes who brought it out of his fiefdom of Bavaria and presented it to Karl(Charlemagne), but unfortunately Ganelon took possession of it and carried it to the Saracen side.[11][12]

Etymology[edit]

Dorothy L. Sayers, a translator of The Song of Roland suggests the sword means "Death brand"[1] (See #Similarly named swords below). Belgian scholar Rita Lejeune gave the meaning "Moorish sword",[13][14] but Arabist James A. Bellamy proposed the Arabic etymology māriq ʾalyas meaning "valiant piercer".[15][16]

Similarly named swords[edit]

At least three swords bearing the similar name Murglaie occur in other chansons de geste.[17]

  • Murglaie - sword of Elias, the Swan Knight of the Crusades cycle,
  • Murglaie - sword of Cornumarant, the Saracen king of Jerusalem, taken by Baudouin de Syrie (the historical Baldwin I of Jerusalem)
  • Murglaie - sword of Boeve de Haumtone; better known as Morglay of Bevis of Hampton.

Note that "Morglay" has been given the etymology morte "death" + "glaive"[18] coinciding with the conjectural meaning of "Death brand" for Ganelon's sword, proposed by Sayers.[1]

Explanatory notes[edit]

  1. ^ While Brault renders Ganelon's L'orie punt as "golden hilt" at v. 466,[4] the comparison has been made that Charlemagne's Joyeuse also has a "l'orie punt", construed as "pommel", and possibly both gilded pieces, rather than only Ganelon's being solid gold.[5]
  2. ^ The original text, v. 1584, gives "Mulagir daz beste sachs (A text), or "Mulagir daz mere sahs (S text), and while " seax" would be cognate to MHG sachs/sahs, the term sahsis glossed in Lexer simply as "long knife or short sword",[10] and Thomas's English rendering here gives "excellent short sword".

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d The Song of Roland. Translated by Sayers, Dorothy L. Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. 1957. p. 38. ISBN 0-14-044075-5.
  2. ^ Song of Roland, vv. 345, 607. Brault, Gerard J., ed. (1978). The Song of Roland: Oxford text and English translation. Penn State Press. pp. 22–23, 38–39). ISBN 9780271038087.
  3. ^ Song of Roland, v. 466
  4. ^ Brault ed. tr. (1978), pp. 30, 31.
  5. ^ Beckmann, Gustav A. (2023). Onomastics of the "Chanson de Roland": Or: Why Gaston Paris and Joseph Bédier Were Both Right. translated by Linda Archibald. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 541 and n1036. ISBN 9783110764468.
  6. ^ Brault ed. tr. (1978), pp. 38, 39.
  7. ^ Song of Roland, v. 607[6]
  8. ^ a b Sholod, Barton (1963). Charlemagne in Spain: The Cultural Legacy of Roncesvalles. Librairie Droz. p. 188 and n288. ISBN 9782600034784.
  9. ^ Cf. Scholod: "every one of the major Christian heroes, including Ganelon, possesses his 'hallowed' blade".[8]
  10. ^ Lexer, Matthias (1876). "sahs". Mittelhochdeutsches handwörterbuch (in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. p. 573. langes messer, kurzes schwert Woerterbuchnetz online
  11. ^ Rolandslied vv. 1568–1609. Wesle, Carl, ed. (1986), Das Rolandslied des Pfaffen Konrad, 3tte Auflage besorgt von Peter Wapnewski (3 ed.), Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, pp. 80–83.
  12. ^ Rolandslied vv. 1585–8; Priest Konrad's Song of Roland, translated by Thomas, J. W., Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1994, pp. 12–13
  13. ^ mor (French: maure+glais (Provençal, meaning "glaive, gladius"), Lejeune (1950), (p. 163), quoted by Scholod.[8]
  14. ^ Lejeune, Rita (1950), "Les noms d'épées dans la Chanson de Roland", Mélanges de linguistique et de littérature Romances, offerts à Mario Roques, p. 163, cited (and given in English) by Bellamy (1987a), pp. 272–273, note 34
  15. ^ Bellamy, James A. (1987a), "Arabic names in the Chanson de Roland: Saracen Gods, Frankish swords, Roland horse, and the Olifant", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 197 (2): 273, doi:10.2307/602835, JSTOR 602835
  16. ^ Also Editorial Note, pp. 254–255, (JSTOR 45298606) to Bellamy, James A. (Winter 1987b), "A Note on Roland 609-10", Olifant, 12 (3/4): 247–254, doi:10.2307/602835, JSTOR 45298605
  17. ^ Langlois, Ernest, ed. (1904), Table des noms, Paris: Emile Bouillon
  18. ^ Bailey, Nathan (1731), An Universal Etymological English Dictionary


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