Most-perfect magic square

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A most-perfect magic square of order n is a magic square containing the numbers 1 to n² with two additional properties:

1. Each 2 × 2 subsquare sums to 2s, where s = n² + 1.
2. All pairs of integers distant n/2 along a (major) diagonal sum to s.

Examples[edit]

Two 12 × 12 most-perfect magic squares can be obtained adding 1 to each element of:

       [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]  [1,]   64   92   81   94   48   77   67   63   50    61    83    78  [2,]   31   99   14   97   47  114   28  128   45   130    12   113  [3,]   24  132   41  134    8  117   27  103   10   101    43   118  [4,]   23  107    6  105   39  122   20  136   37   138     4   121  [5,]   16  140   33  142    0  125   19  111    2   109    35   126  [6,]   75   55   58   53   91   70   72   84   89    86    56    69  [7,]   76   80   93   82   60   65   79   51   62    49    95    66  [8,]  115   15   98   13  131   30  112   44  129    46    96    29  [9,]  116   40  133   42  100   25  119   11  102     9   135    26 [10,]  123    7  106    5  139   22  120   36  137    38   104    21 [11,]  124   32  141   34  108   17  127    3  110     1   143    18 [12,]   71   59   54   57   87   74   68   88   85    90    52    73 

       [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]  [1,]    4  113   14  131    3  121   31  138   21   120    32   130  [2,]  136   33  126   15  137   25  109    8  119    26   108    16  [3,]   73   44   83   62   72   52  100   69   90    51   101    61  [4,]   64  105   54   87   65   97   37   80   47    98    36    88  [5,]    1  116   11  134    0  124   28  141   18   123    29   133  [6,]  103   66   93   48  104   58   76   41   86    59    75    49  [7,]  112    5  122   23  111   13  139   30  129    12   140    22  [8,]   34  135   24  117   35  127    7  110   17   128     6   118  [9,]   43   74   53   92   42   82   70   99   60    81    71    91 [10,]  106   63   96   45  107   55   79   38   89    56    78    46 [11,]  115    2  125   20  114   10  142   27  132     9   143    19 [12,]   67  102   57   84   68   94   40   77   50    95    39    85 

Properties[edit]

All most-perfect magic squares are panmagic squares.

Apart from the trivial case of the first order square, most-perfect magic squares are all of order 4n. In their book, Kathleen Ollerenshaw and David S. Brée give a method of construction and enumeration of all most-perfect magic squares. They also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between reversible squares and most-perfect magic squares.

For n = 36, there are about 2.7 × 10⁴⁴ essentially different most-perfect magic squares.

References[edit]

• Kathleen Ollerenshaw, David S. Brée: Most-perfect Pandiagonal Magic Squares: Their Construction and Enumeration, Southend-on-Sea : Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, 1998, 186 pages, ISBN 0-905091-06-X
• T.V.Padmakumar, Number Theory and Magic Squares, Sura books Archived 2010-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, India, 2008, 128 pages, ISBN 978-81-8449-321-4

External links[edit]

• STRONGLY MAGIC SQUARES by T. V. Padmakumar
• OEIS: A051235 Number of essentially different most-perfect pandiagonal magic squares of order 4n from The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences