Loano 1795 order of battle
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The Loano 1795 order of battle shows the forces involved in the Battle of Loano (23–24 November 1795), during which the army of the First French Republic attacked the combined forces of Habsburg Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. The action resulted in a French tactical victory. The orders of battle are listed below.
Abbreviations[edit]
Military rank[edit]
- GD = French General of Division
- GB = French General of Brigade
- FZM = Austrian Feldzeugmeister
- FML = Austrian Feldmarschall-Leutnant
- GM = Austrian Generalmajor
- MG = Sardinian Major General
- Col = Sardinian Colonel
Other[edit]
- mw = Mortally wounded
- w = Wounded
- c = Captured
- Det. = Detachment
Orders of battle[edit]
French[edit]
- Army of Italy Commander: GD Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer[1]
- Chief of Staff: GD Paul Louis Gaultier de Kervéguen[2]
- GD André Massena commanded the two divisions and reserve belonging to the Center.[3]
- Massena assumed direct command of Charlet's division[4] after Charlet was mortally wounded.[5]
There were two more field divisions in the Army of Italy. These were GD François Macquard's division guarding the Col de Tende and GD Pierre Dominique Garnier's division on the extreme left flank. Neither were directly engaged in the Battle of Loano, nor are they included in the following order of battle.[6]
| Division | Brigade | Units | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right Wing GD Charles-Pierre Augereau | GB Pierre Banel (w) GB Claude-Victor Perrin GB Elzéar Dommartin GB Jean-Baptiste Rusca[note 2] | 6th Grenadier Battalion | 384 |
| 14th Grenadier Battalion | 188 | ||
| Det. 8th Grenadier Battalion | 116 | ||
| 1st Light Infantry Demi-Brigade | 401 | ||
| Line Infantry Chasseurs | 650 | ||
| Det. 21st Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 164 | ||
| 99th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 396 | ||
| 10th Battalion/Ain Volunteers | 393 | ||
| Det. 18th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 158 | ||
| 105th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 450 | ||
| 55th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 217 | ||
| 69th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 274 | ||
| 4th Provisional Demi-Brigade | 179 | ||
| 15th Provisional Demi-Brigade | 131 | ||
| Grenadier Battalion | 423 | ||
| 145th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 261 | ||
| 147th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 488 | ||
| 19th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 911 | ||
| 39th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 571 | ||
| 12th Grenadier Battalion | 206 | ||
| Right Wing Total | 6,961[3] | ||
| Center: 1st Division GD Étienne Charlet (mw) | GB Philippe Ménard | Sappers (2 companies) | 216 |
| 13th Provisional Demi-Brigade | 516 | ||
| 14th Provisional Demi-Brigade | 649 | ||
| Eclaireurs | 800 | ||
| GB Jean-Baptiste Cervoni | Det. 8th Light Infantry Demi-Brigade | 144 | |
| 16th Light Infantry Demi-Brigade | 619 | ||
| 2nd Battalion/6th Provisional Demi-Brigade | 108 | ||
| 3rd Battalion/122nd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 208 | ||
| 11th Grenadier Battalion | 440 | ||
| 79th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 634 | ||
| Center: 2nd Division GD Amédée Laharpe | GB Louis de Saint-Hilaire | Sappers (2 companies) | 180 |
| 129th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 836 | ||
| 2nd Battalion/3rd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 272 | ||
| 3rd Battalion/84th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 198 | ||
| GB Jean Joseph Pijon | 1st Grenadier Battalion | 422 | |
| 3rd Grenadier Battalion | 460 | ||
| 5th Grenadier Battalion | 400 | ||
| 10th Grenadier Battalion | 431 | ||
| 101st Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 900 | ||
| 1st & 2nd Battalions 3rd Light Infantry Demi-Brigade | 644 | ||
| 2nd Battalion/102nd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 238 | ||
| 2nd Battalion/84th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 274 | ||
| Center: Reserve | GB Guilin Laurent Bizanet | 152nd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 1,205 |
| 2nd Grenadier Battalion | 445 | ||
| 13th Grenadier Battalion | 496 | ||
| 1st Battalion/100th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 266 | ||
| 1st Provisional Demi-Brigade | 625 | ||
| 70th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 650 | ||
| Center Total | 13,276[3] | ||
| Left Wing GD Jean Sérurier | GB Louis Pelletier GB François de Miollis GB Paul Guillaume[note 3] | 2nd Battalion/Haute-Loire Volunteers | unknown |
| 1st Battalion/84th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 351 | ||
| 3rd Eclaireur Company | 195 | ||
| 1st & 2nd Battalions 46th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 609 | ||
| 51st Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 599 | ||
| 3rd Battalion/6th Light Infantry Demi-Brigade | 594 | ||
| Grenadier companies 109th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 152 | ||
| 2nd & 3rd Battalions 117th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 678 | ||
| 1st Battalion/Maine-et-Loire Volunteers | 600 | ||
| 1st & 3rd Battalions 56th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 257 | ||
| 2nd Battalion/166th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade | 210 | ||
| Left Wing Total | 5,155[8] |
Austrians[edit]
- Army of Italy Commander: FZM Olivier, Count of Wallis[8]
| Division | Brigade | Units | Battalions | Squadrons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division FML Johann von Wenckheim | GM Mathias Rukavina | Karlstadter Grenz Regiment[note 4] | 2 | 0 |
| Szluiner Grenz Regiment Nr. 63 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Strassoldo Infantry Regiment Nr. 27 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Meszaros Uhlan Regiment | 0 | 2 | ||
| GM Michael von Ternyey (c) | Nadasdy Infantry Regiment Nr. 39 | 2 | 0 | |
| Archduke Anton Infantry Regiment Nr. 52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| GM Philipp Pittoni | Brechainville Infantry Regiment Nr. 25 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lattermann Infantry Regiment Nr. 45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Alvinczi Infantry Regiment Nr. 19 | 2 | 0 | ||
| GM Anton Lipthay | Reisky Infantry Regiment Nr. 13 | 3 | 0 | |
| Terzi Infantry Regiment Nr. 16 | 3 | 0 | ||
| Division GM Karl von Türkheim | GM Joseph Canto d'Irles | Thurn Infantry Regiment Nr. 43 | 3 | 0 |
| Jordis Infantry Regiment Nr. 59 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Wilhelm Schröder Infantry Regiment Nr. 26 | 1 | 0 | ||
| GM Wilhelm Fischer | Meszaros Uhlan Regiment | 0 | 6 | |
| Erdödy Hussar Regiment Nr. 9 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Alessandro Filangieri, Prince of Cuto (Neapolitans) | King's Dragoon Regiment | 0 | 4 | |
| Queen's Dragoon Regiment | 0 | 4 | ||
| Prince Royal Dragoon Regiment | 0 | 4 |
Sardinians[edit]
- Army Commander: FML Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi[11]
| Division | Units | Battalions | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Division Col Theodor Hyacinth Brempt | Vercelli Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 |
| Geneva Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Royal German Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Chablais Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| 2nd Division MG Luigi Costa della Trinità, Marquis of Montafia | Savoy Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 |
| Queen's Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Stettler Infantry Regiment | 3 | 0 | |
| Balegno Legion | 1 | 0 | |
| Saluggia Chasseurs | 1 | 0 | |
| Colli Chasseurs | 1 | 0 | |
| Tortona Infantry Regiment | 1 | 0 | |
| Chasseurs Francs | 0 | ? | |
| Giulay Freikorps | 0 | ? | |
| 1st Division of the Right Col Jean-Gaspard Dichat de Toisinge | Dichat Grenadier Regiment | 2 | 0 |
| Oneglia Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Oneglia Regiment Elite companies | 0 | 3 | |
| Light Legion Elite companies | 0 | 6 | |
| Bellegarde Legion | 1 | 0 | |
| Chasseurs Francs | 0 | 4 | |
| Militia | ? | ? | |
| Giulay Freikorps | 0 | ? | |
| 2nd Division of the Right Col Friedrich von Bellegarde | Royal Grenadier Regiment | 2 | 0 |
| D'Esery Grenadier Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Varan Grenadier Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| La Tour Grenadier Battalion | 1 | 0 | |
| Andermatt Grenadier Battalion | 1 | 0 | |
| Chiusan Grenadier Battalion | 1 | 0 | |
| Mondovi Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| 2nd Line Austrians GM Giovanni Marchese di Provera | Belgiojoso Infantry Regiment Nr. 44 | 2 | 0 |
| Schmidtfeld Infantry Regiment Nr. 48 | 2 | 0 | |
| Garrison Infantry Regiment[note 5] | 1 | 0 | |
| Strassoldo Regiment Grenadiers | 0 | 2 | |
| Giulay Freikorps | 2 | 0 | |
| Staff Dragoons | 0 | ? | |
| 2nd Line Sardinians Col Gaspare Gaetano Hallot des Hayes, Count of Mussano | Guard Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 |
| Turin Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Asti Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Casale Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 | |
| Acqui Infantry Regiment | 2 | 0 |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- Footnotes
- ^ In January 1796, the units shown here were reorganized into stronger demi-brigades. Then, on 17 March 1796, the regiments were renumbered. For example, what became the 211th Demi-Brigade in January was renamed the 18th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade in March (Phipps, pp. 273–274).
- ^ No brigade organization was listed for the Right Wing. Nafziger listed only the first three brigadiers. Phipps asserted that Rusca led a fourth brigade and that after Banel was wounded, Col Jean Lannes assumed command of Banel's brigade (Phipps, p. 264).
- ^ No brigade organization was listed for the Left Wing.
- ^ The list did not specify which of the Karlstadter Grenz regiments this was.
- ^ The Austrians had the 1st and 2nd Garrison Regiments (Pivka, p. 82). The Nafziger order of battle did not specify to which one this unit belonged.
- Citations
- ^ Smith 1998, p. 108.
- ^ Phipps 2011, pp. 221, 275.
- ^ a b c Phipps 2011, p. 261.
- ^ Phipps 2011, p. 263.
- ^ Phipps 2011, p. 267.
- ^ Phipps 2011, p. 270.
- ^ Nafziger 2023a.
- ^ a b Phipps 2011, p. 262.
- ^ a b c Nafziger 2023b.
- ^ Pivka 1979, pp. 82–91. This source provided the unit numbers.
- ^ a b c Nafziger 2023c.
- ^ Boycott-Brown 2001, p. 91.
References[edit]
- Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001). The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign. London, UK: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35305-1.
- Nafziger, George (2023a). "French Army at the Battle of Loano" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- Nafziger, George (2023b). "Austrian Army of Italy, 20 June 1795" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- Nafziger, George (2023c). "Austro-Sardinian Army, January 1796" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- Phipps, Ramsay Weston (2011) [1931]. The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 and The Armies in the South 1793 to March 1796. Vol. 3. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908692-26-9.
- Pivka, Otto von (1979). Armies of the Napoleonic Era. New York, N.Y.: Taplinger Publishing. ISBN 0-8008-5471-3.
- Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.
Further reading[edit]
- "Napoleon's 1796 Bloody Nose: March 1796 Sardinian Order of Battle". Retrieved 29 October 2023. This source gave the full names of Sardinian commanders.