List of wars involving Turkey
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This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Turkey and includes conflicts such as coups, insurgencies, offensives, border and international disputes since the Turkish War of Independence in 1919. For wars before 1919, involving the Ottoman Empire, see List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
Wars[edit]
| Conflict | Turkey and allies | Opponents | Results | Turkish losses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military | Civilian | ||||
| War of Independence (1919–1923)
|  Ankara Government |  Greece France Armenia United Kingdom Istanbul Government Italy Georgia | Victory[1]
| ~41,000 | Unknown |
| World War II (1939–1945) |  United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Chile Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela Uruguay Argentina Turkey |  Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang | Victory
| None | None |
| Korean War (1950–1953) |  South Korea |  North Korea China Soviet Union | Stalemate | 904[2] | None |
| Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974) | Turkey TMT | .svg){kind=small} Cyprus.svg){kind=small} Greece | Victory
| 498[3] | None |
| Kurdish-Turkish Conflict (1978–) | Turkey |  KCK YDG-H HBDH TAK | Ongoing
| 9,055 | ~30,000 |
| Gulf War (1990-1991) |  Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Egypt France |  Iraq
| Victory
| None | None |
| Bosnian War (1995) (Participant in NATO Operation Deliberate Force) |  Republika Srpska | Victory[8]
| None | None | |
| Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1997) |  KDP Turkey |  PUK PKK | Ceasefire
| 145 | None |
| Kosovo War (1998–1999) (Participant in NATO Operation Allied Force) |  UÇK |  FR Yugoslavia | Victory
| None | None |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |  Afghanistan |  Taliban | Taliban victory / Turkish-allied defeat
| 14[13] | None |
| Boko Haram insurgency (2009–present) | Multinational Joint Task Force Local militias and vigilantes |  Boko Haram (partially aligned with ISIL from 2015)[a]
| Ongoing | None | Unknown |
| First Libyan Civil War (2011) (Assisted NATO military intervention) |  NTC Qatar |  Libya | Victory | None | None |
| Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war (2011–present) | Turkey Syrian opposition |  Syrian Democratic Forces IFB Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Syrian Arab Republic Russia[15] Iran[16] Libyan National Army Hezbollah | Ongoing | 307-364 | Unknown |
| Mali War (2012–present) |  Government of Mali
Non-state combatants: | Al-Qaeda
| Ongoing
| None | Unknown |
| American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2017) |  Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan |  ISIS | Victory
| None | |
| Turkish military intervention in the Second Libyan Civil War (2020) |  Turkey Government of National Accord Syrian Interim Government | House of Representatives | Ceasefire | Unknown | |
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See also[edit]
- Military history of Turkey
- List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
- List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
- Military history of the Ottoman Empire
Notes[edit]
- ^ Following Mohammed Yusuf's death, Boko Haram splintered into numerous factions which no longer operated under a unified leadership. Though Abubakar Shekau eventually became the preeminent commander of the movement, he never really controlled all Boko Haram groups. Instead, the factions were loosely allied, but also occasionally clashed with each other. This situation changed in 2015 when Shekau pledged allegiance to ISIL. The leadership of ISIL eventually decided to replace Shekau as a local commander with Abu Mus'ab al-Barnawi, whereupon the movement split completely. Shekau no longer recognized the authority of ISIL's central command, and his loyalists started to openly fight the followers of al-Barnawi. Regardless, Shekau did never officially renounce his pledge of allegiance to ISIL as a whole; his forces are thus occasionally regarded as "second branch of ISWAP". Overall, the relation of Shekau with ISIL remains confused and ambiguous.
- ^ The exact origin of Ansaru is unclear, but it had already existed as Boko Haram faction before officially announcing its foundation as separate group on 1 January 2012. The group has no known military presence in Nigeria since 2015, but several of its members appear to be still active.
- ^ The participation of the Wagner Group, a Russian private military company, has been denied by both Russia and Mali, which insist Russia is only sending military advisors.
References[edit]
- ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- ^ Including 163 missing
- ^ References:
- Haydar Çakmak: Türk dış politikası, 1919–2008, Platin, 2008, ISBN 9944137251, page 688 (in Turkish); excerpt from reference: 415 ground, 65 navy, 5 air, 13 gendarmerie (= 498 killed)
- American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies; Eugene K. Keefe (1980). Cyprus, a country study. Foreign Area Studies, American University : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Authoritative figures for casualties during the two- phased military operation were not published; available estimates listed Greek Cypriot losses at 6,000 dead and Turkish losses at 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded...
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force." The New York Times, 27 March 1991.
- ^ Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (20 January 1991). "WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Den 1. Golfkrig". Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ^ a b Cimbala, Stephen J.; Forster, Peter (21 October 2005). The US, NATO and Military Burden-Sharing. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781134251971 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Operation Deliberate Force". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
- ^ Olsen, John Andreas (15 July 2014). European Air Power: Challenges and Opportunities. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 9781612346816 – via Google Books.
- ^ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". NATO. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ "Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan (2015-2021)". NATO. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ "Afghanistan Fatalities". Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Parliament OKs Turkey's Involvement in Libya". The Oakland Press. Ankara. Associated Press. 24 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ "Stratfor: Turkey and Russia wage "full-blown proxy war" in Syria". Ahval. 17 January 2018.
- ^ "Assad, Iran support Kurdish forces against Turkey in Syria's Afrin with key weapon systems – reports". Al Masdar News. 9 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ Comolli, Virginia (2015). Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 28, 103, 171.
- ^ Comolli (2015), pp. 28, 103, 171.
- ^ "Ten German dead in Istanbul terror attack". The Local. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Suicide bombing hits Istanbul shopping area popular with tourists". The Independent. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ hermesauto (2 July 2016). "Istanbul airport attack toll rises to 45 as child dies". Straits Times. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Death toll rises to 57 in ISIL Gaziantep attack". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ ""Death toll from bomb blasts at HDP rally rises to 4"". Archived from the original on July 23, 2015.
- ^ "Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi". 21 July 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ "Does Turkey have to learn to live with terror? - SERKAN DEMİRTAŞ". Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ Weise, Zia; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Istanbul nightclub attack: Search continues for unidentified terrorist gunman who killed 39 at New Year's Eve party". The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "Erdogan says two Turkish troops killed in Libya conflict". Reuters. 25 February 2020.
- ^ "Libya şehidi Bilal Yılmaz için tören düzenlendi" (in Turkish). 26 August 2020.
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