List of state leaders in 2010
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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2010.
Africa[edit]
Algeria - President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2008–2012)
Angola - President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister – Paulo Kassoma, Prime Minister of Angola (2008–2010)
Benin - President – Thomas Boni Yayi, President of Benin (2006–2016)
Botswana - President – Ian Khama, President of Botswana (2008–2018)
Burkina Faso - President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Tertius Zongo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2007–2011)
Burundi - President – Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi (2005–2020)
Cameroon - President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister – Philémon Yang, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2009–2019)
Cape Verde - President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
Central African Republic - President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2008–2013)
Chad - President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)
- Prime Minister –
- Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime Minister of Chad (2008–2010)
- Emmanuel Nadingar, Prime Minister of Chad (2010–2013)
Comoros - President – Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of the Comoros (2006–2011)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo) - President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) - President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
- Prime Minister – Adolphe Muzito, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008–2012)
Djibouti - President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
Egypt - President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)
Equatorial Guinea - President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2008–2012)
Eritrea - President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
Ethiopia - President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon - President – Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of Gabon (2009–2023)
- Prime Minister – Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (2009–2012)
The Gambia - President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)
Ghana - President – John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (2009–2012)
Guinea - President –
- Sékouba Konaté, Acting President of Guinea (2009–2010)
- Alpha Condé, President of Guinea (2010–2021)
- Prime Minister –
- Kabiné Komara, Prime Minister of Guinea (2008–2010)
- Jean-Marie Doré, Prime Minister of Guinea (2010)
- Mohamed Said Fofana, Prime Minister of Guinea (2010–2015)
- President –
Guinea-Bissau - President – Malam Bacai Sanhá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)
- Prime Minister – Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)
Ivory Coast - President –
- Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011; claimant, 2010–2011)
- Alassane Ouattara, President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012)
- Gilbert Aké, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (claimant, 2010–2011)
- President –
Kenya - President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
- Prime Minister – Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya (2008–2013)
Lesotho - Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
Liberia - President – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia (2006–2018)
Libya - De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- De jure Head of State –
- Prime Minister – Baghdadi Mahmudi, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011)
Madagascar - the Third Republic was superseded on 11 December
- Head of State – Andry Rajoelina, President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (2009–2014)
- Prime Minister – Albert Camille Vital, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2009–2011)
Malawi - President – Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi (2004–2012)
Mali - President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Modibo Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2007–2011)
Mauritania - President – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President of Mauritania (2009–2019)
- Prime Minister – Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2008–2014)
Mauritius - President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)
Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France) - Prefect – Hubert Derache, Prefect of Mayotte (2009–2011)
- Head of Government – Ahmed Attoumani Douchina, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2008–2011)
Morocco - Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco (2007–2011)
Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state) - President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
Mozambique - President – Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Luísa Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
- Aires Ali, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2010–2012)
Namibia - President – Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of Namibia (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – Nahas Angula, Prime Minister of Namibia (2005–2012)
Niger - Head of State –
- Prime Minister –
- Ali Badjo Gamatié, Prime Minister of Niger (2009–2010)
- Mahamadou Danda, Prime Minister of Niger (2010–2011)
Nigeria - President –
- Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria (2007–2010)
- Goodluck Jonathan, President of Nigeria (2010–2015)
- President –
Rwanda - President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Andrew Gurr, Governor of Saint Helena (2007–2011)
São Tomé and Príncipe - President – Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2008–2010)
- Patrice Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2010–2012)
Senegal - President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2009–2012)
Seychelles - President – James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–2016)
Sierra Leone - President – Ernest Bai Koroma, President of Sierra Leone (2007–2018)
Somalia - President – Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of Somalia (2009–2012)
- Prime Minister –
Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President –
- Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
- Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud, President of Somaliland (2010–2017)
- President –
Puntland (self-declared autonomous state) - President – Abdirahman Farole, President of Puntland (2009–2014)
South Africa - President – Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa (2009–2018)
Sudan - President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
Swaziland - Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2008–2018)
Tanzania - President – Jakaya Kikwete, President of Tanzania (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – Mizengo Pinda, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2008–2015)
Togo - President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)
- Prime Minister – Gilbert Houngbo, Prime Minister of Togo (2008–2012)
Tunisia - President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
Uganda - President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
Zambia - President – Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia (2008–2011)
Zimbabwe - President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
- Prime Minister – Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013)
Asia[edit]
Afghanistan - President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2002–2014)
Bahrain - Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
Bangladesh - President – Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (2009–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–present)
Bhutan - Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)
- Prime Minister – Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)
Brunei - Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Cambodia - Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023) [d]
China (People's Republic of China) - Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (2002–2012)
- President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
- Premier – Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
East Timor - President – José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão, Prime Minister of East Timor (2007–2015)
India - President – Pratibha Patil, President of India (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)
Indonesia - President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)
Iran - Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)
Iraq - Head of State –
- Presidency Council of Iraq [e]
- Members – Jalal Talabani (2006–2010; President of Iraq, 2006–2010), and Adil Abdul-Mahdi and Tariq al-Hashimi (2006–2010)
- Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq (2010–2014)
- Presidency Council of Iraq [e]
- Prime Minister – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–2014)
- Head of State –
Israel - President – Shimon Peres, President of Israel (2007–2014)
- Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2009–2021)
Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority) - President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–present)
- Prime Minister – Salam Fayyad, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2007–2013)
-
Gaza Strip (rebelling against the Palestinian National Authority, in the West Bank) - President – Aziz Duwaik, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2009–2014)
- Prime Minister – Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2007–2014)
Japan - Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister –
- Yukio Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan (2009–2010)
- Naoto Kan, Prime Minister of Japan (2010–2011)
Jordan - Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Samir Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (2009–2011)
Kazakhstan - President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [f]
- Prime Minister – Karim Massimov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2007–2012)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) - Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [g] (1993–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)
- Premier –
- Kim Yong-il, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2007–2010)
- Choe Yong-rim, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2010–2013)
South Korea (Republic of Korea) - President – Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea (2008–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Chung Un-chan, Prime Minister of South Korea (2009–2010)
- Yoon Jeung-hyun, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2010)
- Kim Hwang-sik, Prime Minister of South Korea (2010–2013)
Kuwait - Monarch – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2006–2020)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Nasser Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2006–2011)
Kyrgyzstan - President –
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2005–2010)
- Roza Otunbayeva, President of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Daniar Usenov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010)
- Roza Otunbayeva, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010)
- Almazbek Atambayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)
- President –
Laos - Communist Party Leader – Choummaly Sayasone, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (2006–2016)
- President – Choummaly Sayasone, President of Laos (2006–2016)
- Prime Minister –
Lebanon - President – Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)
- Prime Minister – Saad Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2009–2011)
Malaysia - Monarch – Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2006–2011)
- Prime Minister – Najib Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018)
Maldives - President – Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives (2008–2012)
Mongolia - President – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President of Mongolia (2009–2017)
- Prime Minister – Sükhbaataryn Batbold, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012)
Myanmar - Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister – Thein Sein, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2007–2011)
Nepal - President – Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal (2008–2015)
- Prime Minister – Madhav Kumar Nepal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2009–2011)
Oman - Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
- Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
Pakistan - President – Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan (2008–2013)
- Prime Minister – Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012)
Philippines - President –
- Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
- Benigno Aquino, President of the Philippines (2010–2016)
- President –
Qatar - Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013)
Saudi Arabia - Monarch – Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
Singapore - President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)
Sri Lanka - President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010)
- D. M. Jayaratne, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2010–2015)
Syria - President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
Taiwan (Republic of China) - President – Ma Ying-jeou, President of Taiwan (2008–2016)
- Premier – Wu Den-yih, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2009–2012)
Tajikistan - President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
Thailand - Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008–2011)
Turkey - President – Abdullah Gül, President of Turkey (2007–2014)
- Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
Turkmenistan - President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2006–2022)
United Arab Emirates - President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–2022)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)
Uzbekistan - President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [h]
- Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
Vietnam - Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
- President – Nguyễn Minh Triết, President of Vietnam (2006–2011)
- Prime Minister – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2006–2016)
Yemen - President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [i]
- Prime Minister – Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime Minister of Yemen (2007–2011)
Europe[edit]
Albania - President – Bamir Topi, President of Albania (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–2013)
Andorra - Monarchs –
- French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Christian Frémont (2008–2012)
- Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – Jaume Bartumeu, Head of Government of Andorra (2009–2011)
- Monarchs –
Armenia - President – Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia (2008–2018)
- Prime Minister – Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2008–2014)
Austria - President – Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–2016)
- Chancellor – Werner Faymann, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–2016)
Azerbaijan - President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
- Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2020)
- Prime Minister – Arayik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2017)
Belarus - President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
- Mikhail Myasnikovich, Prime Minister of Belarus (2010–2014)
Belgium - Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb Member – Nebojša Radmanović (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010–2011)
- Bosniak Member –
- Haris Silajdžić (2006–2010; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010)
- Bakir Izetbegović (2010–2018)
- Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2009–2010)
- Prime Minister – Nikola Špirić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2012)
- High Representative – Valentin Inzko, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2009–2021)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria - President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2009–2013)
Croatia - President –
- Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
- Ivo Josipović, President of Croatia (2010–2015)
- Prime Minister – Jadranka Kosor, Prime Minister of Croatia (2009–2011)
- President –
Cyprus - President – Demetris Christofias, President of Cyprus (2008–2013)
Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President –
- Mehmet Ali Talat, President of Northern Cyprus (2005–2010)
- Derviş Eroğlu, President of Northern Cyprus (2010–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2009–2010)
- Hüseyin Özgürgün, Acting Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010)
- İrsen Küçük, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010–2013)
- President –
Czech Republic - President – Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Jan Fischer, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2009–2010)
- Petr Nečas, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2010–2013)
Denmark - Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–2024)
- Prime Minister – Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2009–2011)
Estonia - President – Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia (2006–2016)
- Prime Minister – Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–2014)
Finland - President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
- Mari Kiviniemi, Prime Minister of Finland (2010–2011)
- France
- President – Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – François Fillon, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012)
Georgia - President – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2008–2013)
- Prime Minister – Nika Gilauri, Prime Minister of Georgia (2009–2012)
Abkhazia (partially recognised, secessionist state) - President – Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Aleksander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2005–2010)
- Sergei Shamba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2010–2011)
South Ossetia (partially recognised, secessionist state) - President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – Vadim Brovtsev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2009–2012)
Germany - President –
- Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010)
- Jens Böhrnsen, Acting Federal President of Germany (2010)
- Christian Wulff, Federal President of Germany (2010–2012)
- Chancellor – Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021)
- President –
Greece - President – Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (2009–2011)
Hungary - President –
- László Sólyom, President of Hungary (2005–2010)
- Pál Schmitt, President of Hungary (2010–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Gordon Bajnai, Prime Minister of Hungary (2009–2010)
- Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)
- President –
Iceland - President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2009–2013)
Ireland - President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland (2008–2011)
Italy - President – Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy (2006–2015)
- Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2008–2011)
Latvia - President – Valdis Zatlers, President of Latvia (2007–2011)
- Prime Minister – Valdis Dombrovskis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2009–2014)
Liechtenstein - Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Klaus Tschütscher, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2009–2013)
Lithuania - President – Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Lithuania (2009–2019)
- Prime Minister – Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012)
Luxembourg - Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
Macedonia - President – Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia (2009–2019)
- Prime Minister – Nikola Gruevski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2006–2016)
Malta - President – George Abela, President of Malta (2009–2014)
- Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013)
Moldova - President –
- Mihai Ghimpu, Acting President of Moldova (2009–2010)
- Vlad Filat, Acting President of Moldova (2010)
- Marian Lupu, Acting President of Moldova (2010–2012)
- Prime Minister – Vlad Filat, Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013)
Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state) - President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [j]
- President –
Monaco - Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010)
- Michel Roger, Minister of State of Monaco (2010–2015)
Montenegro - President – Filip Vujanović, President of Montenegro (2003–2018) [k]
- Prime Minister –
- Milo Đukanović, President of the Government of Montenegro (2008–2010)
- Igor Lukšić, President of the Government of Montenegro (2010–2012)
Kingdom of the Netherlands - Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister –
- Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
- Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–present)
- Prime Minister –
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country) - see § North America
Aruba (constituent country) - see § North America
Curaçao (constituent country) - see § North America
Sint Maarten (constituent country) - see § North America
Norway - Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013)
Poland - President –
- Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010)
- Bronisław Komorowski, Acting President of Poland (2010)
- Bogdan Borusewicz, Acting President of Poland (2010)
- Grzegorz Schetyna, Acting President of Poland (2010)
- Bronisław Komorowski, President of Poland (2010–2015)
- Prime Minister – Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–2014)
- President –
Portugal - President – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal (2006–2016)
- Prime Minister – José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)
Romania - President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister – Emil Boc, Prime Minister of Romania (2008–2012)
Russia - President – Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012)
- Prime Minister – Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012)
San Marino - Captains-Regent –
- Francesco Mussoni and Stefano Palmieri, Captains Regent of San Marino (2009–2010)
- Marco Conti and Glauco Sansovini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010)
- Giovanni Francesco Ugolini and Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010–2011)
- Captains-Regent –
Serbia - President – Boris Tadić, President of Serbia (2004–2012) [l]
- Prime Minister – Mirko Cvetković, President of the Government of Serbia (2008–2012)
Kosovo (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration) - President –
- Fatmir Sejdiu, President of Kosovo (2006–2010) [m]
- Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President of Kosovo (2010–2011)
- Prime Minister – Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2008–2014)
- UN Special Representative – Lamberto Zannier, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2008–2011)
- President –
Slovakia - President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006–2010)
- Iveta Radičová, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012)
Slovenia - President – Danilo Türk, President of Slovenia (2007–2012)
- Prime Minister – Borut Pahor, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2008–2012)
Spain - Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
Sweden - Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–2014)
Switzerland - Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [n]
- Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003–2011), Hans-Rudolf Merz (2004–2010), Doris Leuthard (2006–2018; President of Switzerland, 2010), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–2015), Ueli Maurer (2009–2022), Didier Burkhalter (2009–2017), Johann Schneider-Ammann (2010–2018), and Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–2022)
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [n]
Ukraine - President –
- Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010)
- Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine (2010–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010)
- Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010)
- Mykola Azarov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014)
- President –
- United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
- Prime Minister –
- Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010)
- David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016)
Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011)
- Chief Minister – Tony Brown, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2006–2011)
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011)
- Chief Minister – Lyndon Trott, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2008–2012)
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) - Lieutenant-Governor – Andrew Ridgway, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2006–2011)
- Chief Minister – Terry Le Sueur, Chief Minister of Jersey (2008–2011)
Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Sir Adrian Johns, Governor of Gibraltar (2009–2013)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
Vatican City - Monarch – Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013)
- Head of Government – Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–2013)
North America[edit]
Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Alistair Harrison, Governor of Anguilla (2009–2013)
- Chief Minister –
- Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
- Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015)
Antigua and Barbuda - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Dame Louise Lake-Tack, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2007–2014)
- Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)
- Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–2017)
The Bahamas - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Arthur Dion Hanna, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2006–2010)
- Sir Arthur Foulkes, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2010–2014)
- Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2007–2012)
Barbados - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (2008–2010)
- Freundel Stuart, Prime Minister of Barbados (2010–2018)
Belize - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)
- Prime Minister – Dean Barrow, Prime Minister of Belize (2008–2020)
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Sir Richard Gozney, Governor of Bermuda (2007–2012)
- Premier –
- Ewart Brown, Premier of Bermuda (2006–2010)
- Paula Cox, Premier of Bermuda (2010–2012)
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor –
- Premier – Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2007–2011)
Canada - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada (2005–2010)
- David Johnston, Governor General of Canada (2010–2017)
- Prime Minister – Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015)
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor –
- Donovan Ebanks, Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands (2009–2010)
- Duncan Taylor, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2010–2013)
- Premier – McKeeva Bush, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012)
- Governor –
Costa Rica - President –
- Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (2006–2010)
- Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica (2010–2014)
- President –
Cuba - Communist Party Leader –
- President – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (2008–2018)
- Prime Minister – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (2008–2018)
- Curaçao (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October
- Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of Curaçao (2010–2012)
- Prime Minister – Gerrit Schotte, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2010–2012)
Dominica - President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
Dominican Republic - President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012)
El Salvador - President – Mauricio Funes, President of El Salvador (2009–2014)
Grenada - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Carlyle Glean, Governor-General of Grenada (2008–2013)
- Prime Minister – Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada (2008–2013)
Guatemala - President – Álvaro Colom, President of Guatemala (2008–2012)
Haiti - President – René Préval, President of Haiti (2006–2011)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime Minister of Haiti (2009–2011)
Honduras - President –
- Roberto Micheletti, President of Honduras (2009–2010)
- Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President of Honduras (2010–2014)
- President –
Jamaica - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present)
- Prime Minister – Bruce Golding, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2007–2011)
Mexico - President – Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico (2006–2012)
Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Peter Waterworth, Governor of Montserrat (2007–2011)
- Chief Minister – Reuben Meade, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2009–2014)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- dissolved into both Curaçao and Sint Maarten on 10 October
- Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)
- Prime Minister – Emily de Jongh-Elhage, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2006–2010)
Nicaragua - President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present)
Panama - President – Ricardo Martinelli, President of Panama (2009–2014)
-
Saint Barthélemy (overseas collectivity of France) - Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Barthélemy (2009–2011)
- Head of Government – Bruno Magras, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy (2007–2022)
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
Saint Lucia - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister – Stephenson King, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2007–2011)
- Saint Martin (overseas collectivity of France)
- Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Martin (2009–2011)
- Head of Government – Frantz Gumbs, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Martin (2009–2012)
-
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France) - Prefect – Jean-Régis Borius, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2009–2011)
- Head of Government – Stéphane Artano, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2006–2017)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
- Sint Maarten (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October
- Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–2022)
- Prime Minister – Sarah Wescot-Williams, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2010–2014)
Trinidad and Tobago - President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
- Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2010–2015)
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor – Gordon Wetherell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2008–2011)
United States - President – Barack Obama, President of the United States (2009–2017)
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States) - Governor – Luis Fortuño, Governor of Puerto Rico (2009–2013)
United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States) - Governor – John de Jongh, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (2007–2015)
Oceania[edit]
American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States) - Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
Australia - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–2022)
- Governor-General – Quentin Bryce, Governor-General of Australia (2008–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010)
- Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia (2010–2013)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia) - Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of Christmas Island (2009–2012)
- Shire-President – Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia) - Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2012)
- Shire-President – Balmut Pirus, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2011)
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia) - Administrator – Owen Walsh, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2007–2012)
- Chief Minister –
- Andre Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2007–2010)
- David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2010–2013)
Fiji - President – Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, President of Fiji (2009–2015)
- Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022)
-
French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France) - High Commissioner – Adolphe Colrat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008–2011)
- President – Gaston Tong Sang, President of French Polynesia (2009–2011)
Guam (insular area of the United States) - Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
Kiribati - President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
Marshall Islands - President – Jurelang Zedkaia, President of the Marshall Islands (2009–2012)
Micronesia - President – Manny Mori, President of Micronesia (2007–2015)
Nauru - President – Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru (2007–2011)
New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France) - High Commissioner –
- Yves Dassonville, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2007–2010)
- Thierry Suquet, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010)
- Albert Dupuy, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010–2013)
- Head of Government – Philippe Gomès, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2009–2011)
- High Commissioner –
New Zealand - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand (2006–2011)
- Prime Minister – John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2008–2016)
Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand) - Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010)
- Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–2020)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand) - Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–2020)
Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand) - Administrator – John Allen, Acting Administrator of Tokelau (2009–2011)
- Head of Government –
- Foua Toloa, Head of Government of Tokelau (2009–2010)
- Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2010–2011)
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States) - Governor – Benigno Fitial, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2006–2013)
Palau - President – Johnson Toribiong, President of Palau (2009–2013)
Papua New Guinea - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010)
- Jeffrey Nape, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010)
- Michael Ogio, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
- Sam Abal, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)
Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor –
- George Fergusson, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2006–2010)
- Mike Cherrett, Acting Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010)
- Victoria Treadell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010–2014)
- Mayor – Mike Warren, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013)
- Governor –
Samoa - Head of State – Tufuga Efi, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2007–2017)
- Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021)
Solomon Islands - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Frank Kabui, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2009–2019)
- Prime Minister –
- Derek Sikua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2007–2010)
- Danny Philip, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2010–2011)
Tonga - Monarch – George Tupou V, King of Tonga (2006–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga (2006–2010)
- Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō, Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014)
Tuvalu - Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Filoimea Telito, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2005–2010)
- Iakoba Italeli, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2010–2019)
- Prime Minister –
- Apisai Ielemia, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2006–2010)
- Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010)
- Willy Telavi, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010–2013)
Vanuatu - President – Iolu Abil, President of Vanuatu (2009–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2008–2010)
- Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2010–2011)
-
Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France) - Administrator –
- Head of Government –
South America[edit]
Argentina - President – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President of Argentina (2007–2015)
Bolivia - President – Evo Morales, President of Bolivia (2006–2019)
Brazil - President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010)
Chile - President –
- Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile (2006–2010)
- Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (2010–2014)
- President –
Colombia - President –
- Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
- Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia (2010–2018)
- President –
Ecuador - President – Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador (2007–2017)
Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) - Governor –
- Alan Huckle, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2006–2010)
- Ric Nye, Acting Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010)
- Nigel Haywood, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010–2014)
- Governor –
Guyana - President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
Paraguay - President – Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay (2008–2012)
Peru - President – Alan García, President of Peru (2006–2011)
- Prime Minister –
Suriname - President –
- Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
- Dési Bouterse, President of Suriname (2010–2020)
- President –
Uruguay - President –
- Tabaré Vázquez, President of Uruguay (2005–2010)
- José Mujica, President of Uruguay (2010–2015)
- President –
Venezuela - President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)
Notes[edit]
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
- ^ The three-member Presidency Council was head of state collectively, but this changed to the usual form of having just the president as head after the 2009 elections.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ Montenegro only became independent in 2006.
- ^ Serbia only became independent in 2006.
- ^ Kosovo only declared independence in 2008.
- ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
External links[edit]
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories