List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

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World map representing the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index categories (based on 2022 data, published in 2024):
  0.800–1.000 (very high)
  0.700–0.799 (high)
  0.550–0.699 (medium)
  0.000–0.549 (low)
  Data unavailable
World map showing more detailed breakdown of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (based on 2022 data, published in 2024):
  0.900–0.910
  0.850–0.899
  0.800–0.849
  0.750–0.799
  0.700–0.749
  0.650–0.699
  0.600–0.649
  0.550–0.599
  0.500–0.549
  0.450–0.499
  0.400–0.449
  0.350–0.399
  0.300–0.349
  0.250–0.299
  0.222–0.249
  Data unavailable

This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2024 Human Development Report. According to the 2016 Report, "The IHDI can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for", whereas the Human Development Index itself, from which the IHDI is derived, is "an index of potential human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)".[1][2]

Methodology

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Main article: Human Development Index
See also: List of countries by Human Development Index

The index captures the HDI of the average (calculated using not arithmetic, but geometric mean) person in society, which is less than the aggregate HDI when there is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income. Under perfect equality, the HDI and IHDI are equal; the greater the difference between the two, the greater the inequality.

The IHDI, estimated for the world and specific countries, captures the losses in human development due to inequality in health, education and income. Losses in all three dimensions vary across countries, ranging from just a few percent (e.g. Czech Republic and Slovenia) up to over 40% (e.g. Angola and Comoros). Overall loss takes into account all three dimensions.[3]

List

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The table below ranks countries according to their inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI). Data is based on 2023 estimates.

2023 inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) (2025 report)

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Table of countries by IHDI
Rank Country 2023 estimates (2025 report)[4][5]
IHDI HDI Overall loss (%) due to inequality
1  Iceland 0.923 0.972 5.0
2  Norway 0.909 0.970 6.3
3  Denmark 0.909 0.962 5.5
4   Switzerland 0.894 0.970 7.8
5  Finland 0.891 0.948 6.0
6  Ireland 0.886 0.949 6.6
7  Netherlands 0.892 0.955 6.6
8  Slovenia 0.885 0.931 4.9
9  Germany 0.890 0.959 7.2
10  Sweden 0.886 0.959 7.6
11  Belgium 0.891 0.951 6.3
12  United Kingdom 0.869 0.946 8.1
13  Canada 0.867 0.939 7.7
14  Australia 0.873 0.958 8.9
15  Austria 0.861 0.930 7.4
16  United Arab Emirates 0.866 0.940 7.9
17  New Zealand 0.853 0.938 9.1
18  Czech Republic 0.867 0.915 5.2
19  Japan 0.845 0.925 8.6
20  South Korea 0.857 0.937 8.5
21  Hong Kong 0.839 0.955 12.1
22  Luxembourg 0.838 0.922 9.1
23  Malta 0.843 0.924 8.8
24  Estonia 0.841 0.905 7.1
25  Cyprus 0.841 0.913 7.9
26  Singapore 0.823 0.946 13.0
27  United States 0.832 0.938 11.3
28  France 0.836 0.920 9.1
29  Croatia 0.828 0.889 6.9
30  Andorra 0.837 0.913 8.3
31  Israel 0.813 0.919 11.5
32  Slovakia 0.833 0.880 5.3
33  Latvia 0.812 0.889 8.7
34  Italy 0.817 0.915 10.7
35  Greece 0.825 0.908 9.1
36  Hungary 0.819 0.870 5.9
37  Poland 0.817 0.906 9.8
38  Spain 0.819 0.918 10.8
39  Lithuania 0.812 0.895 9.3
40  Portugal 0.795 0.890 10.7
41  Montenegro 0.771 0.862 10.6
42  Belarus 0.771 0.824 6.4
43  Russia 0.758 0.832 8.9
44  Argentina 0.761 0.865 12.0
45  Serbia 0.772 0.833 7.3
46  Romania 0.758 0.845 10.3
47  Kazakhstan 0.766 0.837 8.5
48  Georgia 0.754 0.844 10.7
49  Brunei Darussalam 0.756 0.837 9.7
50  Oman 0.750 0.858 12.6
51  Armenia 0.743 0.811 8.4
52  Uruguay 0.747 0.862 13.3
53  Turkey 0.708 0.853 17.0
54  Seychelles 0.755 0.848 11.0
55  Azerbaijan 0.735 0.789 6.8
56  Chile 0.723 0.878 17.7
57  Bulgaria 0.748 0.845 11.5
58  Moldova 0.719 0.785 8.4
59  Malaysia 0.707 0.819 13.7
60  Albania 0.705 0.810 13.0
61  Thailand 0.677 0.798 15.2
62  North Macedonia 0.723 0.815 11.3
63  Ukraine 0.715 0.779 8.2
64  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.689 0.804 14.3
65  Bahamas 0.670 0.820 18.3
66  China 0.670 0.797 15.9
67  Costa Rica 0.678 0.833 18.6
68  Tonga 0.682 0.769 11.3
69  Panama 0.664 0.839 20.9
70  Mongolia 0.647 0.747 13.4
71  Mexico 0.646 0.789 18.1
72  Kyrgyzstan 0.649 0.720 9.9
73  Palau 0.616 0.786 21.6
74  Fiji 0.626 0.731 14.4
75  Sri Lanka 0.630 0.776 18.8
76  Ecuador 0.640 0.777 17.6
77  Dominican Republic 0.634 0.776 18.3
78  Mauritius 0.669 0.806 17.0
79  Marshall Islands 0.626 0.733 14.6
80  Barbados 0.620 0.811 23.6
81  Jordan 0.637 0.754 15.5
82  Peru 0.633 0.794 20.3
83  Vietnam 0.641 0.766 16.3
84  Samoa 0.609 0.708 14.0
85  Venezuela 0.605 0.709 14.7
86  Maldives 0.602 0.766 21.4
87  Philippines 0.597 0.720 17.1
88  Algeria 0.601 0.763 21.2
89  Indonesia 0.608 0.728 16.5
90  Palestine 0.538 0.674 20.2
91  Tajikistan 0.594 0.691 14.0
92  Iran 0.643 0.799 19.5
93  Jamaica 0.590 0.720 18.1
94  Paraguay 0.599 0.756 20.8
95  Brazil 0.594 0.786 24.4
World 0.590 0.756 22.0
96  Tunisia 0.595 0.746 20.2
97  Colombia 0.593 0.788 24.7
98  Egypt 0.582 0.754 22.8
99  Bolivia 0.578 0.733 21.1
100  El Salvador 0.555 0.678 18.1
101  Tuvalu 0.578 0.689 16.1
102  Saint Lucia 0.523 0.748 30.1
103  Kiribati 0.535 0.644 16.9
104  Gabon 0.558 0.733 23.9
105  Iraq 0.534 0.695 23.2
106  Morocco 0.517 0.710 27.2
107  Nicaragua 0.535 0.706 24.2
108  Botswana 0.509 0.731 30.4
109  Honduras 0.496 0.645 23.1
110  Myanmar 0.477 0.609 21.7
111  Cabo Verde 0.478 0.668 28.4
112  Bangladesh 0.482 0.685 29.6
113  Laos 0.462 0.617 25.1
114  Bhutan 0.478 0.698 31.5
115  South Africa 0.476 0.741 35.8
116  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.478 0.637 25.0
117  Guatemala 0.479 0.662 27.6
118  India 0.475 0.685 30.7
119  Cambodia 0.444 0.606 26.7
120  Kenya 0.456 0.628 27.4
121    Nepal 0.437 0.622 29.7
122  Timor-Leste 0.451 0.634 28.9
123  Papua New Guinea 0.423 0.576 26.6
124  Namibia 0.438 0.665 34.1
125  Republic of the Congo 0.426 0.649 34.4
126  Ghana 0.399 0.628 36.5
127  Rwanda 0.399 0.578 31.0
128  Uganda 0.400 0.582 31.3
129  Eswatini 0.431 0.695 38.0
130  Tanzania 0.391 0.555 29.5
131  Zimbabwe 0.406 0.598 32.1
132  Nigeria 0.379 0.560 32.3
133  Cameroon 0.361 0.588 38.6
134  Pakistan 0.364 0.544 33.1
135  Malawi 0.365 0.517 29.4
136  Mauritania 0.374 0.563 33.6
137  Togo 0.363 0.571 36.4
138  Angola 0.360 0.616 41.6
139  Zambia 0.361 0.595 39.3
140  Djibouti 0.341 0.513 33.5
141  Haiti 0.337 0.554 39.2
142  Senegal 0.340 0.530 35.8
143  Comoros 0.356 0.603 41.0
144  Lesotho 0.357 0.550 35.1
145  Sudan 0.328 0.511 35.8
146  Madagascar 0.319 0.487 34.5
147  Ethiopia 0.326 0.497 34.4
148  Côte d'Ivoire 0.350 0.582 39.9
149  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.341 0.522 34.7
150  Gambia 0.329 0.524 37.2
151  Liberia 0.326 0.510 36.1
152  Guinea-Bissau 0.331 0.514 35.6
153  Benin 0.316 0.515 38.6
154  Afghanistan 0.321 0.496 35.3
155  Yemen 0.325 0.470 30.9
156  Guinea 0.302 0.500 39.6
157  Sierra Leone 0.281 0.467 39.8
158  Mali 0.281 0.419 32.9
159  Burundi 0.286 0.439 34.9
160  Mozambique 0.297 0.493 39.8
161  Niger 0.265 0.419 36.8
162  Burkina Faso 0.273 0.459 40.5
163  Chad 0.252 0.416 39.4
164  Central African Republic 0.253 0.414 38.9
165  South Sudan 0.226 0.388 41.8
166 Nauru 0.599 0.703 14.8
167 Vanuatu 0.521 0.621 16.1
168 Solomon Islands 0.483 0.584 17.3
169 Somalia 0.229 0.404 43.3

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Human Development Reports, Composite indices – HDI and beyond (2015) 87
  2. ^ "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". Hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  3. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions – Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)". United Nations.
  4. ^ "Download IHDI dataset". hdr.undp.org. UNDP. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  5. ^ "All composite indices and components time series (1990–2021)". hdr.undp.org. UNDP. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
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