Kim Jo-sun (politician)

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Kim Jo-sun
김조순
Internal Prince Yeongan
Portrayal of Kim Jo-sun in his declining age (1832)
Chief State Councilor of Joseon
In office
31 January 1800 – 9 January 1811
Appointed byJeongjo of Joseon
Sunjo of Joseon
Regent of Joseon
In office
December 1803 – March 1804
MonarchSunjo of Joseon
Personal details
Born
Kim Jo-sun

1765
Joseon
Died1832 (aged about 66)
Hanseong, Joseon
SpouseInternal Princess Consort Cheongyang of the Cheongsong Shim clan
Children4 sons and 4 daughters, including Queen Sunwon and Kim Jwa-geun
Parents
  • Kim Yi-jung (father)
  • Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (mother)
Korean name
Hangul
김조순
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGim Josun
McCune–ReischauerKim Chosun
Art name
Hangul
풍고
Hanja
Revised RomanizationPunggo
McCune–ReischauerPunggo
Courtesy name
Hangul
사원
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSawon
McCune–ReischauerSawon
Posthumous name
Hangul
충문
Hanja
Revised RomanizationChungmun
McCune–ReischauerCh'ungmun

Kim Jo-sun (Korean: 김조순; Hanja: 金祖淳; 1765–1832) was a Korean political figure during the late Joseon period.[1] He came from the (new) Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨; 新 安東 金氏). He served as a minister in the royal court and orchestrated the Andong Kim clan's takeover of power.[2] He was the father of Queen Sunwon.[3][4] After his daughter became the Queen Consort, his son-in-law, Sunjo of Joseon, honored him as the Internal Prince Yeongan (영안 부원군; 永安 府院君).

Political influence[edit]

After Queen Jeongsun stepped down as regent, Kim Jo-sun, already held an influential court member, purged his political rivals to help secure the position of his family and political faction.[5] This began the era of Sedo politics, or oligarchic rule,[6] of the Andong Kim clan. Kim was a leading member of the Noron Faction. This marked the beginning of a sixty-year period, spanning the reign of three kings (Sunjo, Heonjong, and Cheoljong), in which the real power in the country was wielded by the Andong Kims.

Kim Jo-sun acted as regent for Sunjo, with the reins of power firmly in his grip. Local magistrates and provincial governors alike had to curry favor with the Andong Kim clan to maintain their positions. Kim Jo-sun's son, Kim Jwa-geun, took over the Andong Kim clan as it was attaining the height of its influence.[7][8]

Family[edit]

  • Father
    • Kim Yi-jung (김이중; 金履中)
  • Mother
  • Wife
    • Internal Princess Consort Cheongyang of the Cheongsong Shim clan (청양부부인 청송 심씨; 靑陽府夫人 靑松沈氏; 1766 –1828)
  • Children
    • Son: Kim Yu-geun (김유근; 金逌根; March 1785 – July 1840); became the adoptive son of Kim Yong-sun (김용순; 金龍淳)
    • Son: Kim Won-geun (김원근; 金元根; 1786–1832)
    • Daughter: Queen Sunwon of the Andong Kim clan (순원왕후 김씨; 8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857)
    • Son: Kim Jwa-geun (김좌근; 金左根; 1797 – 5 June 1869)
    • Daughter: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨; 新 安東 金氏)
    • Daughter: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨; 新 安東 金氏)
    • Daughter: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨; 新 安東 金氏)
    • Son: Kim Son-geun (김손근; 金遜根)

Books[edit]

  • Punggomunjib (풍고문집)
  • Odaegeomhyeopjeon (오대검협전)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lee, Janghee (16 August 2018). Seoul's Historic Walks in Sketches. Seoul Selection. ISBN 978-1-62412-114-2.
  2. ^ Tapsahoe, Han'guk Munhwa Yusan (2007). Seoul: A Field Guide to History. Dolbegae Publishers. ISBN 978-89-7199-289-0.
  3. ^ 韓國史研究論選: 朝鮮後期史 (in Korean). 百頭文化. 2000.
  4. ^ "[DBR] '안동金씨' 최고 권력 터 닦은 김조순. 왕실만을 섬긴 '겸손', 명과 암을 낳다". 동아비즈니스리뷰 (in Korean). February 2016.
  5. ^ Kang, Chae-ŏn; Kang, Jae-eun (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Homa & Sekey Books. ISBN 978-1-931907-30-9.
  6. ^ Eom, Tae Yeon (2012). Collusive oligopolistic politics : sedo and the political structure of early-nineteenth-century Chosŏn Korea. University of British Columbia (Thesis). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0073361. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  7. ^ 제작팀, KBS 역사저널 그날 (29 November 2016). 역사저널 그날 7: 영조에서 순조까지 (in Korean). 민음사. ISBN 978-89-374-1747-4.
  8. ^ 조선군주의정치기술 (in Korean). 거송미디어. 2003. ISBN 978-89-87948-30-0.
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