Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
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Isaac ben Judah ibn Ghiyyat (or Ghayyat) (Hebrew: יצחק בן יהודה אבן גיאת, romanized: yiṣḥaq ben yəhuḏā ibn ḡiyāṯ, Arabic: ﺇﺑﻦ غِيَاث, romanized: ibn Ghiyyāth) (1030/1038–1089) was a Spanish rabbi, Biblical commentator, codifier of Jewish law, philosopher, and liturgical poet. He was born and lived in the town of Lucena, where he also headed a rabbinic academy. He died in Cordoba.
Etymology of name[edit]
As most Spanish Jewish surnames, ibn Ghiyyat is a nasab or Arabic patronymic, "the son of Ghiyyāth." Ghiyyāth means "salvation" in Arabic and is found in Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic translation of Hebrew: יֵשַׁע, romanized: yēshaʿ, lit. 'salvation' in Psalm 20:17, "Now I know that YHWH will give victory to His anointed, will answer him from His heavenly sanctuary with the mighty victories of His right arm."
Background[edit]
According to some authorities, he was the teacher of Isaac Alfasi; according to others, his fellow pupil. His best-known students were his son Judah ibn Ghayyat, Joseph ibn Sahl, and Moses ibn Ezra. He was held in great esteem by Samuel ibn Naghrillah and his son Joseph, and after the latter died in the 1066 Granada massacre, ibn Ghiyyath was elected to succeed him as rabbi of Lucena, where he officiated until his death.
He was the author of a compendium of ritual laws concerning the festivals, published by Seligman Baer Bamberger under the title of Sha'arei Simḥah (Fürth, 1862; the laws concerning Passover were republished by Bernhard Zomber under the title Hilkhot Pesaḥim, Berlin, 1864), and a philosophical commentary on Ecclesiastes, known only through quotations in the works of later authors.[1]
Ibn Ghayyat's greatest activity was in liturgical poetry; he was an author of hundreds of piyyutim, and his hymns are found in the Maḥzor of Tripoli under the title of Siftei Renanot. Most are written in the new Andalusian style. He achieved special distinction in his melodious muwashshaḥat "girdle poems", a secular Arabic form first used as a vehicle for liturgical poetry by Solomon ibn Gabirol.[2]
One of his major contributions was his collection and arrangement of the geonic responsa which had hitherto been scattered among the world's Jewry.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ Dukes, in Orient, Lit. x. 667-668
- ^ Carmi, T. (1981). The Penguin Book of Hebrew Verse (in Hebrew and English). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-14-042197-2. OCLC 1001055265.
- ^ Pirush Shishah Sidrei Mishnah (A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah), ed. Mordechai Yehudah Leib Sachs, p. 11, appended at the end of the book: The Six Orders of the Mishnah: with the Commentaries of the Rishonim, vol. 1, pub. El ha-Meqorot: Jerusalem 1955 (Hebrew); Alfasi, Y. (1960). Yosef Qafih (ed.). R. Yitzhak al-Fasi's Commentary on Tractate Hullin (Chapter Kol ha-Basar) (in Hebrew). ha-Agudah le-Hatzalat Ginzei Teiman. p. 8 (Introduction). OCLC 745065428.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gotthard Deutsch; M. Seligsohn (1901–1906). "Isaac ben Judah ibn Ghiyyat". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
External links[edit]
- Sha'arei Simḥah: Vol. 1 and Vol. 2
- Hilkhot Pesaḥim
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