Hot Summer of 1975
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| Hot Summer of 1975 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of PREC | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Provisional Governments of the Third Portuguese Republic Supported by:  PCP |  ELP  MDLP Movimento Maria da Fonte  CODECO Rightist political parties:  CDS  PPD |  Group of Nine |  PS | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Francisco da Costa Gomes Vasco Gonçalves Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho Álvaro Cunhal | António de Spínola Guilherme Almor de Alpoim Calvão Ramiro Moreira  António Pires Veloso Jaime Neves Paradela de Abreu Eduardo Melo Peixoto | Ernesto Melo Antunes Vasco Lourenço Jaime Neves António Ramalho Eanes | Mário Soares | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Around 10 civilians die as a result of clashes, terrorist attacks and massacres | |||||||||
The Hot Summer of 1975 (Portuguese: Verão Quente de 1975) was a tumultuous period in Portuguese history characterized by political, social and military instability. At the center of the conflict was the rift between rightist and leftist groups, as well as the rift among leftist groups themselves.[1]
Although tensions can be said to have started after António de Spínola's resignation in the 30th of September of 1974, and ultimately culminated in the failed coup of 25 November 1975, most of the violence and tensions that gave the period its name lasted throughout the eponymous summer of 1975. Violence, including some of the most brutal continued into the next year and into the 70s and 80s.
See also[edit]
- Carnation Revolution
- Portuguese transition to democracy
- Portuguese Third Republic
- Years of Lead (Italy)
References[edit]
- ^ No dia seguinte à abertura da Assembleia Constituinte (2 de Julho), há o primeiro atentado bombista contra-revolucionário em Lisboa (3 de Junho). No dia 8 de Junho, a Assembleia do MFA aprovava o projecto da Aliança Povo/MFA, mas três dias depois já o centro de trabalho do PCP em Fafe era atacado à granada. Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho (que chefiava a COPCON), em 14 de Junho, ainda fala em mandar os fascistas para o Campo Pequeno, mas dois dias depois, era assaltada a sede do MDP em A-ver-o-mar. No dia 19 de Junho, o MFA aprova um Plano de Acção Política, uma espécie de segundo programa do MFA, assumindo-se como movimento de libertação do povo português. O processo revolucionário em curso começava a estar ao rubro, dando-se em 3O de Junho a fuga de 88 agentes da PIDE/DGS, detidos em Alcoentre - in: Verão Quente, Politipédia.
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