February 1937
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The following events occurred in February 1937:
February 1, 1937 (Monday)[edit]
- George VI released the New Year Honours list, one month late due to the abdication crisis. Queen Elizabeth was made Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order.[1]
- Argentina defeated Brazil 2-0 at the Estadio Gasómetro in Buenos Aires to win the South American Championship of football. Six nations— Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay— had participated and both teams finished with W-D-L records of 4-0-1.[2]
- The French aircraft manufacturer SNCASE (Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est) was formed by the nationalization and merger of Lioré et Olivier, Potez, CAMS, Romano and SPCA.[3]
- Born:
- Don Everly, member of The Everly Brothers rock and roll duo; in Brownie, Kentucky (d. 2021)[4]
- Garrett Morris, African-American comedian and actor and part of the original cast of Saturday Night Live; in New Orleans, Louisiana[5]
- Died:
- Tony Marino, 26, American bantamweight boxer, died two days after being knocked out in his bout against Carlos "Indian" Quintana in Brooklyn.[6] Marino's death, which came after he had been knocked to the canvas five times, led to the New York State Athletic Commission's emergency meeting and the passage of the innovative "three knockdown" rule to stop a fight.[7]
- Leonid Serebryakov, 46, and Nikolay Muralov, 59, former Soviet Communist Party officials and supporters of Leon Trotsky, were executed after being convicted of treason as part of the Great Purge ordered by Premier Joseph Stalin.
February 2, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]
- Senjūrō Hayashi became the new Prime Minister of Japan.
- Born:
- Remak Ramsay, American actor; in Baltimore
- Tom Smothers, American comedian and one-half of the Smothers Brothers musical comedy team; in New York City (d. 2023)
February 3, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]
- The Battle of Málaga began.
- The 33rd International Eucharistic Congress opened in Manila, Philippines. It was the first eucharistic congress held in Asia.
- Born:
- Billy Meier, Swiss author and ufologist; in Bülach
- Alex Young, Scottish footballer; in Loanhead (d. 2017)
February 4, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]
- The first television broadcast of a British sporting event took place as the BBC showed bouts from an international boxing tournament between England and Ireland from Alexandra Palace.[8]
- Antarctica's Prince Harald Coast was first discovered by humans as Norwegian explorer Viggo Widerøe, pilot Nils Romnaes and Ingrid Christensen flew over the site during the Lars Christensen Expedition.
- Willie Gallacher, the lone Communist Party of Great Britain M.P., caused an uproar in the House of Commons when he asserted that the Regency Bill under discussion was clearly "directed towards the occupant of the Throne at the present time" because he was "suspect." Conservative Member Earl Winterton jumped to his feet and declared that not even a Member "who represents so small an amount of opinion in the country" as Gallacher "should be permitted to get away with the monstrous assertion which he has just made", and said it "could only have come from someone who approaches the subject with a distorted brain."[9][10]
- German ambassador to Britain Joachim von Ribbentrop committed a social gaffe when he gave the Nazi salute to George VI, nearly knocking over the king who was stepping forward to shake Ribbentrop's hand.[11][12]
- Born:
- Magnar Solberg, Norwegian biathlete and Olympic gold medalist in the 20 km race in 1968 and 1972; in Soknedal[13]
- George Argyros, U.S. Ambassador to Spain 2001 to 2004 and co-owner of baseball's Seattle Mariners from 1981 to 1989; in Detroit
February 5, 1937 (Friday)[edit]
- The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill was recommended by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a surprise message to Congress, recommending a drastic revision of the Supreme Court. The plan would increase the number of judges from 9 to as many as 15, and provided that each time one of the justices reached the age of 70 and did not retire, another seat would be added to the Court.[14] The idea failed and was derided as "court packing" and an attempt by President Roosevelt to gain more control over the Court with his own appointees.
- The first television broadcast of a work of William Shakespeare play took place as the British Broadcasting Corporation telecast Act 3, Scene 2 of As You Like It, followed by a portion of Henry V.[15]
- The constitution of the Republic of Turkey was amended to incorporate "The Six Arrows" (Republicanism, Folkism, Nationalism, Laicism, Statism, and Reformism).[16]
- Born: Larry Hillman, Canadian ice hockey defenceman who played on 15 different teams in 22 seasons and helped Detroit, Toronto and Montreal win the Stanley Cup and Winnipeg to win the WHA Avco World Trophy; in Kirkland Lake, Ontario (d. 2022)
- Died: Lou Andreas-Salomé, 75, Russian-born psychoanalyst and author
February 6, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]
- The Battle of Jarama began and would last for three weeks as General Francisco Franco's Nationalists attempted to dislodge the Republican government's defenses along the Jarama River that protected Madrid from an attack from the east.
- Benito Mussolini's 20-year-old son Vittorio married Orsola Buvoli in Rome. About 1,000 people stood in the rain outside the church to view the comings and goings.[17]
February 7, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]
- A crowd of 40,000 leftists marched in Paris in observance of the third anniversary of the 6 February 1934 counter-demonstrations. Prime Minister Léon Blum stood in the rain to review them.[18]
- Born: Juan Pizarro, Puerto Rican baseball player; in Santurce (d. 2021)
- Died:
- Swami Akhandananda, 72, Indian monk
- Elihu Root, 91, American lawyer and statesman
February 8, 1937 (Monday)[edit]
- The Battle of Málaga ended in a decisive Nationalist victory with the capture of the city. The Málaga–Almería road massacre ensued.
- Born: Manfred Krug, German actor and singer; in Duisburg (d. 2016)
February 9, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]
- A United Air Lines passenger plane crashed into San Francisco Bay with the loss of all 11 people aboard. It was the first aviation accident to involve a Douglas DC-3.[19]
- Born:
- Clete Boyer, American baseball player; in Cassville, Missouri (d. 2007)
- William Lawvere, American mathematician; in Muncie, Indiana (d. 2023)
February 10, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]
- A German appeals court ruled that children who failed to live up to the mental and physical standards of Nazi education could be taken away from their families and placed in state-run homes.[20]
- Born:
- Anne Anderson, Scottish reproductive physiologist; in Forres (d. 1983)
- Roberta Flack, American singer; in Black Mountain, North Carolina (some sources give birth year as 1939)
February 11, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]
- The Flint sit-down strike ended when General Motors agreed to recognize the United Auto Workers.[21]
- Joachim von Ribbentrop formally presented the British Foreign Office with a demand for the return of Germany's colonies.[22]
- An issue of the British weekly news magazine Cavalcade was banned for running an article referring to rumors of the king having suffered an attack of epilepsy.[23]
- Aviator Amelia Earhart announced she would attempt to circumnavigate the globe as close to the equator as possible.[24]
- Born:
- Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer; in Thornbury, Victoria, Australia
- Eddie Shack, Canadian ice hockey player; in Sudbury, Ontario (d. 2020)
- Died: Walter Burley Griffin, 60, American architect
February 12, 1937 (Friday)[edit]
- The International Brigades halted the Nationalist advance at Jarama.[25]
- The National Football League admitted the Cleveland Rams.[26]
- The musical film When You're in Love starring Grace Moore and Cary Grant was released.
- Born:
- Charles Dumas, U.S. Olympic champion high jumper; in Tulsa, Oklahoma (d. 2004)[27]
- Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, Italian noble; in Naples
- Died: Christopher Caudwell, 29, British Marxist writer, was killed in the Spanish Civil War.
February 13, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]
- A movie theater fire in Andong, China killed 685 people.[28][29] The estimate was later updated to 800 killed.[30]
- The Boston Redskins NFL team moved to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Redskins.[31]
- Felix Kaspar of Austria won the men's competition of the World Figure Skating Championships in Vienna.
- Born: Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia from 2008 to 2011; in Gwanda, Southern Rhodesia (d. 2022)
February 14, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]
- A Nationalist warship shelled the Republican capital of Valencia for 30 minutes until counterfire from shore batteries forced its retreat.[32]
- Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg indicated that a referendum on the question of restoring the Habsburg monarchy might be held.[33]
- Born: Magic Sam (stage name for Samuel G. Maghett), African-American blues musician; in Grenada, Mississippi (d. 1969)
February 15, 1937 (Monday)[edit]
- An underground explosion in a coal mine in Wonthaggi, Australia, killed 13 men.[34]
- Flooding killed 11 people around southern Los Angeles.[35]
February 16, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]
- American chemist Wallace Carothers of the DuPont company received U.S. patent No. 2,071,250 for "monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers", marketed by DuPont as the first synthetic fabric, nylon.[36][37]
- To celebrate the birth of Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, Mussolini proclaimed a general amnesty cancelling or reducing prison sentences for many types of offences.[38]
- Died: Rodmond Roblin, 84, Canadian businessman and politician who served as Premier of Manitoba from 1900 to 1915
February 17, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]
- Ten men working on construction of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco fell to their deaths when a section of scaffolding collapsed. Only two workmen survived the fall.[39]
- Born: Mary Ann Mobley, American actress who won the Miss America 1959 beauty pageant; in Brandon, Mississippi (d. 2014)
February 18, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]
- Six U.S. Marines were killed and 10 injured in a shell explosion aboard the battleship USS Wyoming during military exercises off the coast of San Clemente Island.[40][41]
- Film actress Mary Astor and film editor Manuel del Campo were married in Yuma, Arizona.[42]
- Died: Horatio Clarence Hocken, 79, Canadian politician and founder of the Toronto Star newspaper
February 19, 1937 (Friday)[edit]
- The massacre that would become known in Ethiopia as "Yekatit 12" based on the date of February 19 on the Ethiopian calendar began when a group of nationalists wounded the Italian Viceroy, Rodolfo Graziani, in an assassination attempt. The Italian colonial government murdered as many 30,000 Ethiopians in reprisal killings over the next three days, although a more detailed examination concluded that 19,200 people were killed.[43][44]
- Born: Robert Walker, American blues musician; near Clarksdale, Mississippi (d. 2017)
February 20, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]
- Paraguay gave notice of its intent to withdraw from the League of Nations.[44]
- German Fuehrer Adolf Hitler opened an auto show in Berlin featuring three test models of the Volkswagen.[45]
- Born:
- Robert Huber, German biochemist and Nobel laureate; in Munich[46]
- George Leonardos, Egyptian author; in Alexandria
- Roger Penske, American race car driver and team owner; in Shaker Heights, Ohio
- Nancy Wilson, American jazz singer; in Chillicothe, Ohio (d. 2018)
February 21, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]
- Nearly 40,000 Republican militia in Spain launched an attack on Oviedo.[47]
- The Spanish government dismissed General José Asensio Torrado after the fall of Málaga.[48]
- France closed its border with Spain to keep foreign fighters and weapons out of the Civil War.[49]
- The Italians captured the leader of the Ethiopian resistance, Desta Damtew.[44]
- The first successful flying car, the Waterman Arrowbile, made its first flight.
- Born:
- King Harald V of Norway, in Skaugum
- Ron Clarke, Australian athlete and politician; in Melbourne (d. 2015)[50]
February 22, 1937 (Monday)[edit]
- Italian Premier Benito Mussolini decreed that any native chieftain or officer who opposed Italian colonial troops, even in territory as yet unoccupied, would be put to death.[51]
- Died: James P. Buchanan, 69, American politician
February 23, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]
- Italy protested to Britain for inviting Haile Selassie to send an envoy to the king's coronation ceremony.[11]
- The seventh known victim of the Cleveland Torso Murderer was found.
- Murray Murdoch of the New York Rangers became the first player in NHL history to appear in 500 consecutive games.[52]
- Died: Henry T. Mayo, 80, American admiral
February 24, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]
- Cebu City was created in the Commonwealth of the Philippines by the merger of the municipalities of Cebu, El Pardo, Mabolo, Talamban, Banilad, and San Nicolas.[53]
- In the Battle of Jarama, Republicans tried to take strategic Pingarrón Hill southeast of Madrid but were pushed back.[54]
- Died:
- Desta Damtew, 45, leader of Ethiopian resistance, was executed.
- Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky, 73, Ukrainian scientist and botanist
- Humphrey Pearson, 43, American screenwriter and playwright, was shot to death.
- Guy Standing, 63, English actor
February 25, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]
- The first issue of Detective Comics, which would introduce Batman the following year and would give DC Comics its name, was published.
- The British liner Llandovery Castle was sailing from Gibraltar to Marseilles carrying 100 passengers when it hit a naval mine off Cap de Creus. A large hole was torn in its hull, but it managed to limp to Port-Vendres.[55]
- Born:
- Tom Courtenay, English actor; in Hull, England[56]
- Bob Schieffer, U.S. television reporter and news anchor; in Austin, Texas
February 26, 1937 (Friday)[edit]
- The John Steinbeck novella Of Mice and Men was released.[57] A review in the Chicago Daily Tribune said that the book was written "so simply, so movingly, so factually that only when its last page is finished does the reader realize what a remarkable feat John Steinbeck has performed."[58]
- The play The Ascent of F6, by W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood, premiered at the Mercury Theatre in London.
February 27, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]
- The French government passed a new defense plan extending the Maginot Line.[44]
- The Battle of Jarama ended in a strategic Republican victory over the rebel Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.
- Canada won the World Ice Hockey Championships, held in London.
- Died: Charles Donnelly, 22, Irish poet and activist, was killed in the Spanish Civil War.
February 28, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]
- Spanish Foreign Minister Julio Álvarez del Vayo scolded the European democracies for "lamentable weakness ... in the face of the tactics of Fascist nations to make themselves masters of the continent." Álvarez del Vayo declared that "the defense of Madrid is the defense of Paris and London tomorrow."[59]
- Died: Harrington Mann, 72, Scottish painter
References[edit]
- ^ Brewer, Sam (February 1, 1937). "King Gives Queen Top Honors in New Year's List". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
- ^ Tabeira, Martín (1 August 2019). "Southamerican [sic] Championship 1937". RSSSF. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Hartmann, Gérard (2005-01-05), Les réalisations de la SNCASE [SNCASE's achievements] (PDF) (in French), retrieved 15 July 2009,
Alors qu'on ne sait pas très clairement si les sociétés nationales sont des « usines de production de guerre » sans indépendance et sans bureau d'études, la SNCASE est officiellement formée le 1er février 1937. ("While it is not very clear whether the national companies are "war production factories" without independence and without a design office, the SNCASE was officially formed on 1 February 1937.)
- ^ Smith, R. J. (August 22, 2021). "Don Everly, of harmonizing rock 'n' roll pioneers the Everly Brothers, dies at 84". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
- ^ "'Saturday Night Live' pioneer and NOLA native Garrett Morris to appear on 'Oprah'". nola.com. April 11, 2011.
- ^ "Tony Marino Dies of Ring Injuries". The Wilkes-Barre Record. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. February 2, 1937. p. 16.
- ^ "New Knockdown Rule In New York". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. February 4, 1937. p. 27.
- ^ "BBC Programme Index". Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ "Stirs Tempest by Insinuating King is Unfit". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 5, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "Regency during total incapacity of the Sovereign". February 4, 1937. Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4 February 1937. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ a b Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 479. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ Bloch, Michael (1992). Ribbentrop. New York: Crown Publishing. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-517-59310-6.
- ^ "Magnar Solberg". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ "Roosevelt Asks Power to Reform Courts, Increasing the Supreme Bench to 15 Judges; Congress Startled, But Expected to Approve". The New York Times. February 6, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ Rothwell, Kenneth S. (2004) [1999]. A History of Shakespeare on Screen: A Century of Film and Television (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 9780521543118.
- ^ Solak, Mustafa (2018-02-05). "Altı Ok Anayasa'ya nasıl eklendi?" [How were the Six Arrows added to the Constitution?]. Aydınlık (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
- ^ "Papa Mussolini is Happy; Beams as His Son Weds". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 7, 1937. p. 5.
- ^ "40,000 March in Paris to Recall Strife of 1934". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 8, 1937. p. 2.
- ^ "February 9, 1937". PlaneCrashInfo. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (February 11, 1937). "True Nazi Life Prescribed for Coddled Boys". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ "1937". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "German Demand for Colonies Put in Britain's Lap". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 12, 1937. p. 6.
- ^ "Ban Magazine for Story on King's Health". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 12, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "Amelia Earhart to Circle Globe East to West". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 12, 1937. p. 28.
- ^ Simkin, John (2014). "Spanish Civil War: Chronology". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "Vote Cleveland Pro Football Franchise". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 13, 1937. p. 19.
- ^ "Charlie Dumas". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Nash, Jay Robert (1976). Darkest Hours. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 659. ISBN 978-1-59077-526-4.
- ^ "THEATRE FIRE". Sydney Morning Herald. 1937-02-15. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "THEATRE FIRE". Sydney Morning Herald. 1937-02-16. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ Griffith, R. D. (2012). To the NFL: You Sure Started Somethin': A Historical Guide of All 32 NFL Teams and the Cities They've Played In. Dorrance Publishing. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-4349-1681-5.
- ^ "Shell Spain's New Capital". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 15, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "Chief of Austria Urges Return of a Hapsburg King". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 15, 1937. p. 3.
- ^ "Number 20 Coal Shaft Disaster". Monument Australia. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ "Los Angeles Area Flooded, 11 Are Killed". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 16, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ " "On this date, February 16, in 1937, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. was granted U.S. patent No. 2,071,250 for Nylon, The Hagley Vault, the Hagley Museum
- ^ "16th February 1937: Organic chemist Wallace Carothers is awarded a patent for nylon", HistoryPod.net
- ^ Taylor, Edmond (February 17, 1937). "Il Duce Frees Foes in Honor of Baby Prince". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Bateson, John (2012). The Final Leap: Suicide on the Golden Gate Bridge. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-520-27240-8. Retrieved 2 May 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "4 Killers Get Horner Stay". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 19, 1937. p. 1.
- ^ "Casualties: US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Killed and Injured in Selected Accidents and Other Incidents Not Directly the Result of Enemy Action". Naval History and Heritage Command. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ "Mary Astor of Films Marries Mexican Actor". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 19, 1937. p. 3.
- ^ Campbell, Ian (20 July 2017). "Italy and the Addis Ababa massacre". The Economist. Vol. 418, no. 9053. London, United Kingdom of Great Britain: The Economist Newspaper Limited (The Economist Group). ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Chronology 1937". Indiana University. 2002. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (February 19, 1937). "'People's Auto' at $250 Ready for Hitler O.K.". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 15.
- ^ "Robert Huber – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Payne, Stanley G. (1967). Politics and the Military in Modern Spain. Stanford University Press. p. 521 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 506. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
- ^ Small, Alex (February 22, 1937). "Border Clamp on Spain Seen As Boon to Madrid". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
- ^ "Ron Clarke". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ "Mussolini Decrees Death for Ethiopians Who Bombed Viceroy". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 23, 1937. p. 4.
- ^ Maguire, Liam (2012). Next Goal Wins!: The Ultimate NHL Historian's One-of-a-kind Collection of Hockey Trivia. Random House Canada. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-307-36340-4.
- ^ Letigio, Delta Dyrecka (February 24, 2020). "The crowning of Cebu City, the Queen City of the South". CDN Digital. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
- ^ "Rebel Barrage Wilts Loyalist Charge Up Hill". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 25, 1937. p. 2.
- ^ "Floating Mine Tears Hole in British Ship; 300 Passengers Safe". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 26, 1937. p. 11.
- ^ "Tom Courtenay - Broadway Cast & Staff". Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ "Literary Notes", Philadelphia Inquirer, February 20, 1937, p.13 ("John Steinbeck's short novel 'Of Mice and Men,' is one of the March selections of the Book-of-the-Month Club. Covici-Fride will release the trade edition on February 26.")
- ^ "Books", by Fanny Butcher, Chicago Daily Tribune, February 27, 1937, p.11, quoted in The Essential Criticism of John Steinbeck's of Mice and Men, by Michael J. Meyer (Scarecrow Press, 2009) p.6
- ^ "Accuses Italy". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 1, 1937. p. 4.