Corruption in Botswana

Political corruption
Forms and concepts
Bribery Cronyism Economics of corruption Electoral fraud Elite capture Influence peddling Kleptocracy Mafia state Nepotism Pyrrhic defeat theory Slush fund Simony State capture State-corporate crime Throffer
Anti-corruption
International Anti-Corruption Court Group of States Against Corruption International Anti-Corruption Academy International Anti-Corruption Day United Nations Convention against Corruption
Corruption by country
Africa Angola Botswana Cameroon Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Ghana Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia Mauritius Morocco Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Lebanon Malaysia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Europe Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg North Macedonia Northern Ireland Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom North America Canada Mexico United States Central America Costa Rica Cuba El Salvador Haiti Nicaragua South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Oceania Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea
v t e

Corruption in Botswana is usually regarded as one of the lowest in Africa.^[1] However, corruption is not eradicated, and can still be seen in many different governmental sectors and in differing forms.

The 2023 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index gave Botswana a score of 59 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Botswana ranked 39th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.^[2] For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).^[3] For comparison with regional scores, the average score among sub-Saharan African countries ^{[Note 1]} was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11. Botswana had the third-highest score in sub-Saharan Africa, after Seychelles and Cape Verde. ^[4] The Business Anti-Corruption Portal, ranked Botswana as moderate in regards to the amount of corruption seen in the country.^[5] The Business Anti-Corruption Portal continued on, stating that multiple government sectors, such as the Judicial services, Police, Legislation, Public services, Tax Administration and Public Procurement all see varying risks of corruption.^[5] In the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report Botswana ranks 113/141 in the public-sector performance and ranks 32/141 in Transparency. ^[6] And in the Global Competitiveness Report conducted in the years of 2011 and 2012, it was reported that corruption in Botswana is one of the most problematic factors when it comes to doing business in the country.^[7]

Extent[edit]

In a survey carried out by Afrobarometer, 32 percent of those polled thought either all or most of the officials in non-local government and those with jobs as civil servants were involved with corruption. 29 percent thought the same of members of parliament. Local government was perceived as less corrupt, with 20 percent saying either all or most of the officials in local government were involved with corruption.^[8] Approximately 7 percent of Botswana citizens paid a bribe in the previous 12 months for basic services such as healthcare and education. ^[9]

Corruption has seen an slight increase over the past years, as a survey carried out by Transparency International and Afrobarometer in 2015 stated that 1% of Botswana citizens paid a bribe in the past 12 months for a public service, which in 2019, increased to 7%. ^[10]

The survey also stated that 39% of Botswana residents think that people in police departments are involved in corruption, a decrease from 54% in 2015. 39% of Botswana residents think that government officials are involved in corruption, an increase from 29% in 2015, and 28% of Botswana residents think that members of parliament are involved in corruption, an increase from 28% in 2015.

Furthermore, 52% of Botswana residents stated that corruption increased in their nation, 20% said it decreased, 17% saying it stayed the same, and 11% without an answer, while in the 2015 survey, 51% of residents said that there was an increase in corruption, 24% saying that it decreased, 14% thinking it stayed the same and 11% without an answer. ^[11]

Forms of Corruption[edit]

Corruption in Botswana is primarily used by the small, state elite. It is these individuals that have used their power to create patronage networks and have the interests of both the public sector and private sector blur together. Combating this form of corruption is harder. It is more entrenched in the state government and private industries, and the small minority that is benefitting from this corruption can use their power to ensure that it continues on.^[7] Nepotism and patronage are the preferred methods of these state elites.

Botswana is also a victim to petty and bureaucratic corruption. However, this form of corruption is typically rarely seen and perceived to be low.^[7]

Anti-corruption efforts[edit]

Corruption in Botswana is primarily investigated by the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC). It is because of the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes that Botswana is able to stay relatively low on the corruption scale. This is because of the high prosecution rates that the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime is able to achieve.^[12] To aid in fighting corruption, Botswana is also a member of the Eastern and Southern Anti-Money Laundering Group.^[13]

Mokgweetsi Masisi, the current President of Botswana, has also had a hand in combating corruption in his country. At a regional conference dedicated to combating corruption on the African continent, Masisi gave a speech as the guest of honour, where he called on governments to implement corruption-fighting policies. These policies would require internal accounting and auditing mechanisms, strong anti-corruption institutions to provide oversight, and the rule of law and due process. Masisi also explained the various methods that his country has adopted in combating its own corruption, which include the creation of a specialized court only for criminal acts of corruption, and a number of different legal acts, such as the Whistle Blower Act and the Proceeds and Instruments of Crime Act.^[14]

When it comes to other legal frameworks and acts passed to combat corruption in the country, the most widely noted is the Corruption and Economic Crime Act of 1994. This act created the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC), which has led corruption-fighting efforts in Botswana, and granted the Directorate its powers. The Corruption and Economic Crime Act also has a number of other powers, such as outlawing the solicitation, receiving and accepting of a payment with aims to manipulate a public civil servant. Some more powers of the CECA include numerous whistleblower protections.^[7]

Notes[edit]

See also[edit]

• Directorate of Intelligence and Security
• Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime

References[edit]