Boaventura de Sousa Santos

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Boaventura de Sousa Santos in 2019
BornNovember 15, 1940
Coimbra
NationalityPortuguese
Alma materUniversity of Coimbra, Yale University
EmployerUniversity of Coimbra
Known forEpistemologies of the South
SpouseMaria Irene Ramalho
AwardsFrantz Fanon Lifetime Achievement 2022
HonoursMilitary Order of Saint James of the Sword

Boaventura de Sousa Santos GOSE (born November 15, 1940, in Coimbra, Portugal) is a sociologist, Professor emeritus at the Department of Sociology of the School of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC), Distinguished Legal Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School,[1] and Director Emeritus of the Centre for Social Studies (CES) at the University of Coimbra. A Marxist,[2][3][4] outspoken sympathizer and avowed supporter of the Bloco de Esquerda party,[5] he is regarded as one of the most prominent Portuguese living left-wing intellectuals.[6][7] In 2023, after a sexual harassment scandal, the University of Coimbra suspended his academic positions.[8] The final report of the independent commission set up to assess the accusations of harassment against Boaventura Sousa Santos and other members of the institution confirmed the unethical and unlawful situations described by victims.[9]

Early life[edit]

Boaventura de Sousa Santos was born on November 15, 1940, in Coimbra, Portugal.[10] His paternal grandparents lived in a small village of São Pedro de Alva, in the municipality of Penacova, 30 km away from Coimbra, where they had a house and farmland employed on the cultivation of corn and potatoes as well as olive orchards and livestock.

Nicola café and restaurant in Ferreira Borges Street, Coimbra, Portugal.

His own father was born in that house. Boaventura de Sousa Santos used to spend his school holidays in his grandparents estate helping them on several agricultural tasks and playing with neighbours. An only child, he lived in the city of Coimbra with his parents. His father worked as a chef in the prestigious restaurant Nicola in the downtown of Coimbra, which was frequented by members of the city's academia.[11]

Career[edit]

He earned his undergraduate degree in law from the University of Coimbra in 1963 and in 1965 a post-graduate diploma in jurisprudence in West Berlin at the Free University of Berlin. He went on to pursue a doctorate on the sociology of law at Yale University[1] from 1969 to 1973.[12] In 1973, he became one of the co-founders of the School of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC), where he opened a sociology course. Since 1978, he was also founder and director of the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra (CES, Centro de Estudos Sociais).[13][14] In the mid-1980s, he began to structurally adopt the role of a researcher whose understanding of the world extended beyond a Western perspective. He was a Global Legal Scholar at the University of Warwick and visiting professor at Birkbeck College, University of London[15] and has been involved in research in Brazil, Cabo Verde, Macau, Mozambique, South Africa, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and India.

Boaventura de Sousa Santos in 2007.

He has travelled widely, giving classes and lectures while also extending his range of experiences of learning in the process. He was one of the driving forces behind the World Social Forum, the spirit of which he considers essential to his studies of counter-hegemonic globalization and to promoting the struggle for global cognitive justice, an underlying concept of “Epistemologies of the South.”[16] According to senior researchers of the CES, the research unit increasingly avoided the classical themes of the field of sociology to focus almost entirely on the Epistemologies of the South, which define the work of its director emeritus Boaventura de Sousa Santos. According to them, this line became "hegemonic" and came to resemble a "cult".[17]

Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos during the 6th World Forum of Judges, Brazil, 2010.

He has written and published widely on the issues of globalization, sociology of law and the state, epistemology, social movements and the World Social Forum in 10 languages. He has been awarded several prizes, most recently Frantz Fanon Lifetime Achievement 2022, by the Caribbean Philosophical Association; Science and Technology Prize of Mexico, 2010; the Kalven Jr. Prize of the Law and Society Association, 2011.

His most recent project - ALICE: Leading Europe to a New Way of Sharing the World Experiences - is funded by an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council (ERC), one of the most prestigious and highly competitive international financial institutes for scientific excellence in Europe.[citation needed] The project was initiated in July 2011 and enabled him to gather a team of young researchers from various different countries and academic backgrounds who are committed to collectively develop the lines of research that have emerged from the epistemological, theoretical-analytical and methodological premises of the work he has consolidated over many years.[citation needed] The main idea underlying ALICE is to create a decentered conception of the anti-imperial South, in which Africa and Asia also find their place in a broader and more liberating conversation of humankind.[18] A premise of ALICE is to bring to light the notion that the “Eurocentric world has not much to teach the wider world anymore and is almost incapable of learning from the experience of such a wider world, given the colonialist arrogance that still survives.”[19]

Ideology[edit]

We have the right to be equal whenever difference diminishes us; we have the right to be different whenever equality decharacterizes us.

— Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2001), [20]

Boaventura de Sousa Santos has been engaged in a process of re-discovering Marxism. While acknowledging the limits of Marxism, Santos has more recently described Marxism as an “ongoing discovery.”[21] During his studies in West Berlin, he was immersed in a university community that aspired to democratic values, while living in the context of the Cold War. This also allowed him to experience the stark contrast between the communist influence in East Germany and the liberal democratic ideology in West Germany.[18] In 1970 Sousa Santos traveled to Brazil in order to do field research for his doctoral dissertation. His work was focused on the social organization of the construction of parallel legality in illegal communities, the favelas or squatter settlements.[18]

Sousa Santos (left) being awarded a doctorate honoris causa by the University of Brasília, in Brazil, 2012.

In the mid-1980s, he began to structurally adopt the role of a researcher whose understanding of the world extended beyond a Western perspective. His fieldwork was based on participant observation, lasting several months, in a Rio de Janeiro slum where he experienced the struggle of the excluded populations against oppression first hand. There, he learned from the wisdom of men and women struggling for subsistence and for recognition of their dignity. Sousa Santos believes in the importance of the social scientist striving for objectivity, not neutrality.[22]

Sociology of absences[edit]

Inquietude class of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Brasília, Brazil, 2012.
This section is an excerpt from Sociology of absences.[edit]

The sociology of absences is a sociological theory developed by Boaventura De Sousa Santos which, he says, "aims to show that what does not exist is in fact actively produced as non-existent, that is to say as an unbelievable alternative to what is supposed to exist”.[23][24]

Southern epistemologies. Citizen movements and controversy over science is the title of the work in which Boaventura proposes this notion, which is articulated around the following thesis: “global justice is not possible without global cognitive justice".[25]

Sexual and moral harassment allegations[edit]

Entrance to the parking lot near the premises of the Centre for Social Studies (white facade on the left) at the Pólo I campus of the University of Coimbra.

Initial allegations[edit]

In April 2023, he was accused of a series of cases of sexual and moral harassment, including cases of sexual assault, misogyny and exploitation of labour.[26][27][28][29] These events allegedly happened in the Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES), a juridically autonomous[30] research unit in sociology belonging[31][32] to the University of Coimbra, where Sousa Santos is emeritus director. The alleged cases were reported in a publication by three former researchers from CES. Researchers Lieselotte Viaene, Catarina Laranjeiro and Miye Nadya Tom – a Belgian, a Portuguese and a North American – are the authors of the article where, despite not revealing names, the case which had “the Star Professor” as its central figure, began to be associated with Boaventura de Sousa Santos, founder and former longstanding director of the Centre for Social Studies[33] of the University of Coimbra, which was led by him until 2019.[34] In the article “The walls spoke when no one else would”,[35] which is part of the book “Sexual Misconduct in Academia”,[36] the three researchers point out three central figures: the “Star Professor”, the “Apprentice” and a “Watcher”. According to the female researchers’ curricula, all three worked for several years as researchers at CES in Coimbra. In the article, Boaventura de Sousa Santos has the code name “Star Professor” and the professor and co-coordinator of a doctoral program, Bruno Sena Martins, is called the “Apprentice”.[37] In 2018, according to the researchers-complainants, a graffiti on the walls of CES which is located on the premises of the Polo I campus of the University of Coimbra, allowed them to realise that they were "not completely alone". The title of the article, "The walls spoke when no one else would", refers to this graffiti, which was always hurriedly erased by order of the university.[38] The complainants describe a modus operandi where the Star Professor touched on the knee of the female researcher under his supervision, asking her to deepen their mutual relationship in exchange of academic support, and allude to group dinners in restaurants of Coimbra and parties in private houses where the stalkers used to harass their subordinates.[39] According to Diário de Notícias, the Watcher (Sentinela or Vigilante in Portuguese) was Maria Paula Meneses, coordinating researcher at CES.[40]

Contacted by Diário de Notícias, Boaventura de Sousa Santos recognized himself in the description of the former students, but denied all the accusations of misconduct and claimed he is being a cancel culture[41] victim.[42][43][44][45] According to the academic, he never has met two of the co-authors, Catarina Laranjeiro and Miye Nadya Tom. Sousa Santos said he recognized the main author, Lieselotte Viaene (Belgian anthropologist with a PhD in law from Ghent University in 2011, Professor at the Department of Social Sciences of the University Carlos III de Madrid, and holder of a prestigious ERC Grant).[46][47] He states he met her twice, first as her Marie Curie Fellowship supervisor, and another "to solve the problems of incorrect and undisciplined behavior".[48] He claims CES opened a disciplinary process and denied being host institution of her ERC Grant application.[48] Sousa Santos states this case as the main motivation behind the accusations, classifying them as a "despicable act of institutional and personal revenge".[48]

Further accusations[edit]

After those declarations became public, the Brazilian congresswoman, and member of the Municipal Chamber of Belo Horizonte, Bella Gonçalves, a politician of Brazil's Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL),[49] former student at the research centre CES in Coimbra, announced she had been sexually assaulted by Boaventura de Sousa Santos in the exact same way described in the article.[50] In 2014, the year of the episode, she was under 30 and the professor was over 70 when she received an invitation to discuss her research work at Sousa Santos' apartment and was touched inappropriately while Sousa Santos suggested a sexual relationship in exchange for academic support.[51] Because she did not give in to harassment, she suffered reprisals from the professor. The day after the supposed invitation to "deepen the relationship", Boaventura Sousa Santos would have criticised "in an aggressive way" the work that she and her boyfriend, who was also a student at CES, had been developing. She told the newspaper that, at the time, she reported the case to the CES management, who would have suggested she changed her advisor, arguing the professor was "untouchable".[52] She says that because of what happened, she decided to return to Brazil and finish her doctorate degree at a local university. After returning to Brazil, the former student says, she received an email from Boaventura de Sousa Santos. In it, the professor is said to have apologised for his behaviour, excusing himself by saying that he had fallen in love with her.[53]

Moira Millán at the 3rd Encuentro Latinoamericano de Feminismos ELLA, a Latin American feminist meeting that took place in La Plata, Argentina, in December 2018.

The Argentinean indigenous left-wing activist Moira Ivana Millán had already told an Argentinean radio program about an episode of harassment to which she was subjected in Coimbra, Portugal, in 2010, by sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos when the man was around 70 and Moira Millán was 40, accusing him of conducts of moral and sexual harassment. The episode happened in the course of a visit to Coimbra by invitation of Sousa Santos after Moira Millán has been asked by him to make a presentation about her activist interests and achievements for a postgraduate class.[54] In June 2022, during a meeting of indigenous women in Mexico, she also spoke about the Boaventura de Sousa Santos' unconsummated attempt to have a nonconsensual sexual relation at his house, where she went in order to take some books by invitation of Sousa Santos. This was after a supposedly group dinner at a restaurant in Coimbra where Millán said Sousa Santos appeared alone without any member of his team and where she started to feel harassed due to the flirtatious behaviour of Sousa Santos during that evening repast.[55][56]

Ivana Millán has also spoken about another female academic that shared with her similar experiences[57] and stated in the course of the media frenzy generated by the article "The walls spoke when no one else would", in 2023, that she was planning to formally denounce Sousa Santos to legal authorities in Coimbra.[57] Since Sousa Santos is regarded as a left-wing intellectual and a self-proclaimed staunch defender of human, female and indigenous rights,[58][59][60][61] Moira Ivana Millán said she was advised not to talk about it so as not to appear to be playing "the right wing's game".[62] This case prompted criticism from Carlos Guimarães Pinto, MP of the party Liberal Initiative in the Portuguese Parliament, who described the CES as a state-funded “nursery of the most radical left” on 27 April 2023 in the Portuguese Parliament, while Bloco de Esquerda, Livre and Partido Socialista MPs expressed disagreement with Guimarães Pinto's remarks. Guimarães Pinto stressed that the themes addressed by the CES "are always the same: anti-capitalism, against Western liberal democracies and the instigation of an intolerant sectarian agenda based on permanent conflict".[63][64][65] Also on 27 April, resorting to RTP state-run television channel[66] in order to publicly clarify his point of view about the recounting of the facts, Boaventura de Sousa Santos denied the accusations and stated Millán's staying expenses in Coimbra were paid for by him, he didn't assault her, he was always polite and professional including at the restaurant O Trovador, she was never invited into his house, and emails were exchanged in a cordial tone between them after her stay in Coimbra, including emails where she asked him for money to pay living expenses and future activist projects such as a documentary. Boaventura de Sousa Santos published an email exchange between himself and Moira Millán,[67][68] before and after her visit to CES, and demanded a public apology from Millán, who responded by standing by her allegations.[69]

Reactions[edit]

The Center for Social Studies (CES), at the University of Coimbra, suspended all activities of Sousa Santos and Sena Martins[70] while an independent commission investigates the claims.[71] The Ombudsman of the institution argues she has not received any complaints of harassment within the institution in the two years she has been in those functions.[72] Some victims told the media that their ability to consider a formal complaint was inhibited because Maria Irene Ramalho, Sousa Santos' wife, belonged to the CES ethics committee that would receive the complaints from students and analyze their merit.[73][74][75] Others argue her limited effect since she was a member of the ethics committee starting in February 2022.[76] She stopped being a member on April 2023, coinciding with the allegations becoming public. In September 2023, CES created an independent commission to produce a formal report with conclusions,[77] which eventually confirmed the sexual harassment accusations.[78]

Simultaneously to the CES suspension, Sousa Santos decided to suspend all his activities at CES [79] and made himself available to any investigation,[80][81] urging for an independent commission to be created to clarify the facts. In June 2023, Sousa Santos wrote an opinion piece in which he shows some self-criticism regarding the events described in the accusations, arguing he belongs to a generation with a sexist culture, although he continues to reject the allegations, highlighting his fight for equality.[82] Some academics have publicly supported de Sousa Santos, criticizing the initial article methodologically,[83][84] or as a form of lawfare.[85] Some journalists have also expressed their support.[86]

250 academics and cultural workers (later reaching 800 signatories[87]) signed a manifesto supporting the women harassed by Sousa Santos, stating the public allegations are "the tip of the iceberg".[88] As a response, another 80 academics, including Nobel laureate Pérez Esquivel, signed a manifesto of support and defense of Sousa Santos,[89] claiming "it is suffering from a smear campaign based on unproven accusations."

The Latin American Council of Social Sciences suspended all activities with the researcher.[90] The Spanish newspaper Publico, where Sousa Santos had a regular column,[91] has suspended their ongoing collaboration.[92]

In July 2023, the publisher Routledge withdrew the book "Sexual Misconduct in Academia" from publication.[93][94] This book included the initial article. In September 2023, Taylor & Francis, owner of Routledge, made a statement[95] arguing they had received "legal threats from various parties" and thus decided for the withdrawal. As a reaction, beyond the social media uproar,[96][97] an open letter to Routledge received the support of 1,200 academics, asking the publisher to "state why they have removed" the book, and to "reinstate [it]" and "stand up to legal threats".[98]

Report by the Independent Commission[edit]

On 13 March 2024, the 114-page report by the Independent Commission of the Centre for Social Studies (CES) at the University of Coimbra confirmed the existence of evidence of abuse of power and sexual harassment by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and other senior, leading or chief researchers at CES.[99] In addition to this report,[100] the CES apologised "to people who consider themselves victims of harassing or abusive behaviour" and promised to take action and provide reparations.[101][102] The CES claimed it would hand the evidence to the public prosecutor office to consider further legal actions.[103][78]

In the report, the Independent Commission states it gathered testimonies of 32 people presenting allegations, 78% women, where around half were victims and the rest witnesses. Most part were students and recent PhDs, and they spoke of moral harassment (28%), sexual harassment and sexual abuse (27%) and abuse of power (27%).[104] The report speaks of perpetrators systematic blurring of professional and private life, situations of non-consensual touching, encouraging alcohol drinking, and offers of academic benefits in exchange of sexual favours.[104] The report covers 14 people accussed, in three groups of responsibilities: of committing the acts, cover-ups and negligence.[100]

Sousa Santos expressed both relief and concerns about the report, arguing there were no direct accussations against him, and that he doesn't agree with some conclusions.[103]

Activist Moira Millán criticized the report, arguing the commission did not name the abusers, did not apologize to victims outside academia. She announced she will initiate legal actions against the university,[105] on top of her legal action against Santos.[106]

A year after the first accusations of sexual harassment, and as soon as the report by the independent commission was made public, Boaventura de Sousa Santos was removed from his position as a judge at the International Rights of Nature Tribunal.[107][108]

Personal life[edit]

Boaventura de Sousa Santos is married[109] to Maria Irene Ramalho, professor emerita of American Studies and Feminist Studies[109] at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Coimbra (FLUC), as well as a former Assistant Professor International in the Department of Comparative Literature at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.[110] She was also a researcher at the Centre for Social Studies (CES) founded and led by her husband Boaventura de Sousa Santos,[111][112] as well as a member of the CES ethics committee.[113] The couple has children.[110] He owns the farmhouse in Penacova that belonged to his paternal grandparents before belonging to his father, and uses it as a second home after his main residence in Coimbra.[11] He has the eye condition called amblyopia.

Selected works[edit]

His PhD thesis has not only been considered a landmark in the Sociology of Law,[citation needed] but has greatly impacted his life. He has published widely on globalization, sociology of law and the state, epistemology, democracy and human rights, and his works have been published in Portuguese, Spanish, English, Italian, French, German and Mandarin.

Among his most recent and relevant publications are:[114][115][116]

  • 1991: State, Law and Social Struggles.
  • 1998: Reinventing Democracy, Reinventing the State. 1998. Lisbon.
  • 1998: La globalización del derecho: los nuevos caminos de la regulación y la emancipación (The globalization of law: the new paths of regulation and emancipation). Bogotá: ILSA, Ediciones Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
  • 1998: De la mano de Alicia. Lo Social y lo político en la postmodernidad. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores and Universidad de los Andes.
  • 2000: Critique of the Indolent Reason. Against the waste of experience. Bilbao: Editora Desclée de Brouwer.
  • 2004: Democracy and Participation: El ejemplo del presupuesto participativo de Porto Alegre. Mexico: Quito: Abya-yala. ISBN 968-16-7255-0
  • 2004: Democratizar la democracia: Los caminos de la democracia participativa. Mexico: F.C.E. ISBN 968-16-7255-0
  • 2004: Escrita INKZ. Anti-manifesto para uma arte incapaz. Rio de Janeiro: Aeroplano.
  • 2005: World Social Forum. Manual de Uso. Barcelona: Icaria.
  • 2005: El milenio huérfano: ensayo para una nueva cultura política. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-8164-750-1
  • 2005: La universidad en el siglo xxi. Para una reforma democrática y emancipadora de la universidad (with Naomar de Almeida Filho). Miño y Dávila Editores.
  • 2006 : The Heterogeneous State and Legal Pluralism in Mozambique, Law & Society Review, 40, 1: 39-75.
  • 2007: The Reinvention of the State and the Plurinational State. Cochabamba: International Alliance CENDA-CEJIS-CEDIB, Bolivia.
  • 2007: Law and globalization from below. Towards a cosmopolitan legality. With Rodríguez Garavito, César A. (Eds.), Barcelona: Univ. Autónoma Metropolitan de México / Anthropos. ISBN 978-84-7658-834-5
  • 2008: Conocer desde el Sur: Para una cultura política emancipatoria. La Paz: Plural Editores.
  • 2008: Reiventar la democracia, reinventar el estado (Reviving democracy, reinventing the state). Spain: Sequitur.
  • 2009: Critical Legal Sociology: For a New Common Sense of Law. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-8164-983-3
  • 2009: Thinking the State and Society: Current Challenges. Argentina: Hydra Books. ISBN 978-987-25178-1-6
  • 2009: An epistemology of the SOUTH. With María Paula (Eds.) Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores.
  • 2010: Refounding the State in Latin America: Perspectives from an Epistemology of the South. Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores. ISBN 978-607-03-0242-8
  • 2010: Decolonizing knowledge, reinventing power. Uruguay: Trilce Editorial. ISBN 978-9974-32-546-3
  • 2011: To decolonize the West. Beyond abysmal thinking. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas: Editorial Cideci Unitierra.
  • 2011: Law and emancipation. Quito: Constitutional Court for the Transition Period.
  • 2012: From dualities to ecologies. La Paz: REMTE-Bolivian Network of Women Transforming the Economy.
  • 2014: Human rights, democracy and development. Bogotá: Center for the Study of Law, Justice and Society, Dejusticia.
  • 2014: Democracy on the brink of chaos. Essay against self-flagellation. Bogotá: Siglo Del Hombre Editores/Siglo XXI Editores.
  • 2014: If God were a human rights activist. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
  • 2014: Epistemologies of the South (perspectives). Co-authored by Maria Paula Meneses. Editorial Akal ISBN 978-84-460-3955-6.
  • 2015: Revueltas de indignación y otras conversas. La Paz: OXFAM; CIDES-UMSA; Ministry of Autonomies.
  • 2016: The difficult democracy. Una mirada desde la periferia Europea Editorial Akal.
  • 2017: Las bifurcaciones del orden. Revolution, city, countryside and indignation. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-9879-728-2.
  • 2017: Demodiversity. Imagining New Democratic Possibilities. Co-authored by José Manuel Mendes. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-607-97537-5-7
  • 2017: Justicia entre Saberes: Epistemologías del sur contra el Epistemicidio. Madrid: Morata.
  • 2018: Leftists of the world, unite! Barcelona: Icaria. ISBN 978-84-9888-875-1.
  • 2018: Constructing the Epistemologies of the South. Antología Esencial (two volumes). Buenos Aires: CLACSO. ISBN 978-987-722-364-4
  • 2019: The End of the Cognitive Empire. La afirmación de las epistemologías del Sur. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN 978-84-9879-780-0
  • 2019: The pluriverse of human rights. The diversity of struggles for dignity. Co-authored by Bruno Sena. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-607-98185-6-2
  • 2019: Global learnings. Decolonizing, demercantilizing and depatriarchalizing from epistemologies of the South. Co-authored by Antoni Aguiló. Barcelona: Icaria. ISBN 978-84-9888-874-4.
  • 2020: Knowledge born in struggles. Constructing epistemologies of the South. Co-authored by Maria Paula Meneses. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-607-8683-38-3.
  • 2020: In the workshop of the artisan sociologist. Madrid: Morata. ISBN 978-84-7112-987-1
  • 2020: The cruel pedagogy of the virus. Translation by Paula Vasile. Buenos Aires: CLACSO. ISBN 978-987-722-599-0
  • 2021: The future begins now. From pandemic to utopia. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-84-460-4976-0
  • 2021: Decolonizing Constitutionalism. Beyond false or impossible promises. Co-authored by Sara Araújo and Orlando Aragón Andrade. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-607-8683-59-8
  • 2022: Economies of Good Living. Against the waste of experiences. Co-authored by Teresa Cunha. Madrid: Akal. ISBN 978-607-8683-97-0

Distinctions[edit]

  • 1994 - Pen Club Português 1994 Prize.
  • 1996 - Grand Officer of the Order of Saint James of the Sword[117]
  • 1996 - Grand Officer of the Order of Rio Branco, Brazil.
  • 1996 - Gulbenkian Science Prize.
  • 2001 - Jabuti Award - Area of Human Sciences and Education, Brazil.[118][119]
  • 2005 - "Recognition of Merit" Award, granted by Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
  • 2006 - Ezequiel Martínez Estrada Essay Award 2006, from Casa de las Américas, Cuba.
  • 2007 - Honorable mention of the "Premio Libertador al Pensamiento Crítico - *2006", Venezuela.
  • 2009 - Adam Podgórecki Award, International Sociological Association.
  • 2010 - National Award for Science and Technology, Mexico.
  • 2012 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Brasilia, Brazil.
  • 2013 - National Poetry Award Vila de Fânzeres, for the work "Pomada em Pó", Portugal.
  • 2014 - Doctor Honoris Causa by Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil.
  • 2014 - Doctor Honoris Causa by Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.
  • 2016 - Title of Citizen of Porto Alegre, granted by the City Council of Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • 2016 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Cordoba, Argentina.
  • 2016 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 2017 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico.
  • 2018 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Coruña, Spain.
  • 2019 - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b School, University of Wisconsin Law. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos | University of Wisconsin Law School". secure.law.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  2. ^ Lima, Fernanda Bartoly Gonçalves de (2022-12-30). "Emancipação e educação em Boaventura de Sousa Santos: uma análise a partir de uma perspectiva marxista". Germinal: Marxismo e educação em debate (in Portuguese). 14 (3): 329–345. doi:10.9771/gmed.v14i3.50013. ISSN 2175-5604. S2CID 255722487.
  3. ^ Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (1984). "Para uma concepção marxista do marxismo". Os caminhos da liberdade: Da idade da razão à idade da revolta. Espaço Tempo: 115–125.
  4. ^ Fernandes, José Manuel. "Os dias difíceis do professor Boaventura". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  5. ^ "Catarina Martins não pode seguir "lógica do Titanic: continuar à frente do barco mesmo que ele se afunde"". TSF Rádio Notícias (in European Portuguese). 2022-02-01. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  6. ^ "'O coronavírus é um professor cruel porque ensina matando', diz o sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  7. ^ Antunes, Diogo Teixeira Pereira, Mariana Lima Cunha, Rita Tavares, Rui Pedro. ""Pedro Nuno Santos, até se distanciar, é um deputado de uma maioria que empobrece o País"". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ EFE (2023-04-16). "La Universidad de Coimbra suspende al sociólogo portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos, denunciado por acoso sexual". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  9. ^ "Relatório confirma indícios de assédio no CES em Coimbra". Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  10. ^ Infopédia. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos - Infopédia". infopedia.pt - Porto Editora (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  11. ^ a b Público (5 October 2018). "A Quintela de Boaventura de Sousa Santos". fugas.publico.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  12. ^ Martins, Bruno Sena; Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2018-11-07). "Socialismo, democracia e epistemologias do Sul. Entrevista com Boaventura de Sousa Santos". Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais (in Portuguese) (Número especial): 9–54. doi:10.4000/rccs.7647. hdl:10316/84312. ISSN 0254-1106. S2CID 150312905.
  13. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "CES | Sobre o CES | Apresentação". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  14. ^ "Quem é "a Sentinela"? "Se o CES fosse uma monarquia, ela era a rainha"". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 16 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  15. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  16. ^ de Sousa Santos, Boaventura (2006). The Rise of the Global Left: The World Social Forum and Beyond. London, United Kingdom: Zed Books. ISBN 1-84277-801-3.
  17. ^ Silva, Samuel (15 April 2023). "Um "messias" no centro do "culto" que se tornou o CES". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  18. ^ a b c de Sousa Santos, Boaventura (2013). "Reflections". Development and Change (Interview). Interviewed by Aram Ziai. Kassel, Amsterdam: Institute of Social Studies: The Hague.
  19. ^ Gupta, Gitika (September 2014). "Towards a decolonial reading of Tivolem: E ainda há mais mundo, chega lá" (PDF). estudogeral.uc.pt.
  20. ^ Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Nuestra America. Theory, Culture & Society, 18 (2-3), p. 193. doi:10.1177/02632760122051706
  21. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos". Alice - ALICE Project (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  22. ^ Correa, Rafael (2012). Latin American Critical Thought: Theory and Practice. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. p. 213. ISBN 978-987-1891-05-4.
  23. ^ Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2011-08-01). "Épistémologies du Sud". Études rurales (in French) (187): 21–50. ISSN 1777-537X. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  24. ^ "Vers une sociologie des absences et une sociologie des émergences". Eurozine. 2003-02-10. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  25. ^ Dacheux, Éric (2022-03-04). "Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Épistémologies du Sud. Mouvements citoyens et polémique sur la science". Questions de communication (in French). 31 (1): 531–534. ISSN 1633-5961. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  26. ^ Renascença (2023-04-12). "Boaventura Sousa Santos acusado de assédio sexual na Universidade de Coimbra - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  27. ^ ""Senti-me refém". Há novas denúncias contra Boaventura de Sousa Santos". ZAP Notícias - Atualidade, mundo, ciência, saúde, desporto (in European Portuguese). 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  28. ^ "Grupo de mulheres exige investigação imparcial ao caso do Centro de Estudos Sociais de Coimbra". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 19 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  29. ^ Correia, Mariama (2023-04-19). "Coletivo faz novas denúncias de assédio sexual de Boaventura". Agência Pública (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  30. ^ "Universidade de Coimbra "condena todos os atos de assédio sexual e moral", mas lembra que CES "é uma entidade autónoma juridicamente"". Expresso (in Portuguese). 17 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  31. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "CES | Sobre o CES | Apresentação". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  32. ^ "FCT — News". former.fct.pt. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  33. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "COMUNICADO da Direção e da Presidência do Conselho Científico do CES". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  34. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos denunciado por assédio sexual". www.sabado.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  35. ^ Viaene, Lieselotte; Laranjeiro, Catarina; Tom, Miye Nadya, "The walls spoke when no one else would: Autoethnographic notes on sexual-power gatekeeping within avant-garde academia", Sexual Misconduct in Academia, doi:10.4324/9781003289944-17, ISBN 978-1-003-28994-4, retrieved 2023-04-11
  36. ^ "Sexual Misconduct in Academia: Informing an Ethics of Care in the University". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  37. ^ Kotowicz, Ana. "O Professor-Estrela, o Aprendiz, a Vigilante. Como três investigadoras relatam os assédios que terão Boaventura Sousa Santos como peça-chave". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  38. ^ ""Todas sabemos". Boaventura Sousa Santos entre acusados de assédio no CES". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 11 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  39. ^ "Tocou-lhe num joelho, convidando-a a aprofundar o relacionamento de ambos": Boaventura Sousa Santos avança com queixa por difamação após denúncias de assédio sexual (in Portuguese), retrieved 2023-04-12
  40. ^ "Quem é "a Sentinela"? "Se o CES fosse uma monarquia, ela era a rainha"". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 16 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  41. ^ ""Todas sabemos". Boaventura Sousa Santos entre acusados de assédio no CES". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 11 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  42. ^ "Boaventura Sousa Santos implicado em denúncia de assédio sexual". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 11 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  43. ^ "Acusações de assédio e violação no Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 11 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  44. ^ Kotowicz, Ana. "Texto de três investigadoras leva Centro de Estudos Sociais a investigar denúncias de assédio sexual. Boaventura Sousa Santos implicado". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  45. ^ "Universidade de Coimbra abre inquérito a alegados casos de assédio sexual". www.jn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
  46. ^ "Gidyj | Lieselotte Viaene". derechoyjusticia.net (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  47. ^ "People". RIVERS. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  48. ^ a b c Machado, Cláudia (2023-04-12). "Boaventura de Sousa Santos nega assédio sexual". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  49. ^ Correia, Mariama (2023-04-14). "Deputada brasileira denuncia assédio sexual de Boaventura". Agência Pública (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  50. ^ SAPO. "Exclusivo Agência Pública: Deputada brasileira denuncia assédio sexual de Boaventura Sousa Santos durante doutoramento". Polígrafo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  51. ^ "Bella Gonçalves dá a cara pelo alegado assédio de Boaventura de Sousa Santos". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 15 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  52. ^ DDC (2023-04-17). "Acusado de acoso sexual el portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos, presente en la Bienal de La Habana de 2019 | DIARIO DE CUBA". diariodecuba.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  53. ^ "Brasileira diz ter sido assediada sexualmente por Boaventura: 'apaixonado'". www.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  54. ^ ""Atirou-se para cima de mim. Boaventura é machista e violento"". www.sabado.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  55. ^ Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (15 April 2023). "Moira Millán afirma ter sido vítima de assédio por parte de Boaventura de Sousa Santos". Moira Millán afirma ter sido vítima de assédio por parte de Boaventura de Sousa Santos (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  56. ^ "'Bebeu e se jogou em mim': ativista argentina relata assédio de Boaventura". www.bol.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  57. ^ a b "Moira Millán: "No me iba a dejar violar aunque fuera Boaventura"". www.elsaltodiario.com. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  58. ^ DigitalRM (2022-03-21). "FEUC acolhe Cátedra Boaventura de Sousa Santos em Ciências Sociais - Campeão das Províncias". Campeão das Províncias - Website Campeão das Províncias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  59. ^ SAPO. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos: "A pandemia foi o primeiro grande ensaio a nível global de como se pode controlar populações"". SAPO 24 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  60. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos | FGV CPDOC". cpdoc.fgv.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  61. ^ "O progressista Boaventura e o macho Sousa Santos". TSF Rádio Notícias (in European Portuguese). 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
  62. ^ Ferreira, Beatriz. "Ativista argentina Moira Millán já tinha denunciado episódio de assédio de Boaventura de Sousa Santos". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  63. ^ Lusa, Agência. "IL classifica CES de Coimbra como "viveiro" da esquerda radical, que usa fundos públicos para "subsidiar agendas partidárias"". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  64. ^ "IL questiona governo sobre legitimidade de financiamento do CES/U.Coimbra". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  65. ^ ZAP (2023-04-28). ""CES de Boaventura recebeu do Estado mais do triplo dos milhões atribuídos ao IPO do Porto"". ZAP Notícias - Atualidade, mundo, ciência, saúde, desporto (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  66. ^ [Boaventura de Sousa Santos insiste que não assediou a ativista argentina Moira Millán "Boaventura de Sousa Santos insiste que não assediou a ativista argentina Moira Millán"]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  67. ^ "Boaventura se defiende | Sociedad". El Viejo Topo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  68. ^ "Boaventura mostra emails para negar acusações de activista argentina. Millán promete apresentar queixa". 27 April 2023.
  69. ^ "Boaventura mostra emails para negar acusações de activista argentina. Millán promete apresentar queixa". 27 April 2023.
  70. ^ Kotowicz, Ana. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Bruno Sena Martins suspensos de todos os cargos no Centro de Estudos Sociais". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  71. ^ EFE (2023-04-16). "La Universidad de Coimbra suspende al sociólogo portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos, denunciado por acoso sexual". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  72. ^ Silva, Samuel (2023-04-12). "Provedora do CES diz que não recebeu denúncias de assédio nos últimos dois anos". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  73. ^ Mulher de Boaventura Sousa Santos faz parte da comissão de ética do Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese), retrieved 2023-04-25
  74. ^ "Mulher de Boaventura faz parte da comissão da Universidade de Coimbra que recebe queixas de assédio". www.cmjornal.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-27.
  75. ^ "Mulher de Boaventura Sousa Santos 'inibia' queixas das vítimas". Jornal SOL (in Portuguese). 21 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  76. ^ Studies, CES-Centre for Social. "CES | About CES | Ethics Committee". CES - Centre for Social Studies. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  77. ^ "Nove denúncias de assédio no Centro de Estudos Sociais de Coimbra".
  78. ^ a b Constenla, Tereixa (2024-03-13). "La comisión del 'caso Boaventura' concluye que hubo "abuso de poder y acoso" en la jerarquía del Centro de Estudios Sociales de Coimbra". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  79. ^ "ESCLARECIMENTO AO COMUNICADO (II)".
  80. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Comissão para investigar suspeitas de assédio ainda não foi criada".
  81. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos envia carta ao CES a criticar demora na criação da comissão independente". 18 May 2023.
  82. ^ Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2023-06-02). "Una reflexión autocrítica: un compromiso con el futuro". infoLibre (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  83. ^ "La ética en la producción de conocimiento y la deshumanización de la academia - Diario16". 19 June 2023.
  84. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370251989. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  85. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos acusado [pasar la página y procurar el olvido]". elpostantillano.net. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  86. ^ Nassif, Luis (2023-06-04). "Boaventura e os justiceiros da legalidade, por Luís Nassif". GGN (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  87. ^ "TODAS SABEMOS espanhol | BUALA". www.buala.org. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  88. ^ "Todas sabemos — manifesto". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  89. ^ "Carta abierta de destacadas personalidades de varios países en solidaridad con el professor Boaventura de Sousa Santos". 20 June 2023.
  90. ^ "Consejo latinoamericano suspende a sociólogo luso acusado de acoso sexual". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2023-04-16. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  91. ^ "Espejos extraños". Espejos extraños (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  92. ^ "Varias mujeres acusan al sociólogo portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos de acoso sexual durante casi una década". www.publico.es. 15 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
  93. ^ Alves, Adriana. "Editora suspende venda de livro que levou a denúncias de Boaventura. Sociólogo diz que é acusação criminal disfarçado de trabalho científico". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  94. ^ Capinha, Graça (2023-07-20). "Disse "científico"?!". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  95. ^ Robinson, Mark (2023-09-22). "Statement on "Sexual Misconduct in Academia"". Taylor & Francis Newsroom. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  96. ^ "Editora britânica retira capítulo que acusa Boaventura em livro sobre assédio sexual". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 2023-08-31. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  97. ^ The 1752 Group. "We stand in solidarity with the authors of Chapter 12 of the book 'Sexual Misconduct in Academia'". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 2023-09-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  98. ^ "Open Letter to Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group | BUALA". www.buala.org. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  99. ^ Jesus, Carlos Diogo Santos, Carolina. "Caso Boaventura Sousa Santos. Relatório de Comissão independente confirma indícios de conduta de abuso de poder e assédio". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  100. ^ a b Independent Commission of the Centre for Social Studies to Clarify Situations of Harassment - Final Report (PDF). University of Coimbra (published February 29, 2024). 2024.
  101. ^ "Caso Boaventura: CES pede desculpa "às pessoas que se consideram vítimas de comportamentos de assédio ou abuso" e promete agir". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  102. ^ "Direção pede "desculpas públicas" a vítimas e anuncia que vai agir sobre quem abusou". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  103. ^ a b "Denúncias de abuso tratadas como "assuntos privados entre pessoas adultas". Boaventura diz-se "mais tranquilo"". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  104. ^ a b "Una de las denunciantes de Boaventura de Sousa Santos tras la investigación que confirma los abusos: "Es insuficiente"". www.publico.es. 2024-03-21. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  105. ^ "Moira Millán sobre Boaventura de Sousa Santos: "La carta de disculpas de la academia no es suficiente y está cargada de racismo"". Agencia Presentes (in Spanish). 2024-03-19. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  106. ^ "Moira Millán denunciará penalmente a Boaventura Sousa Santos por abuso". Agencia Presentes (in Spanish). 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  107. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos afastado do Tribunal Internacional de Direitos da Natureza". Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
  108. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos destituído do cargo de juiz no Tribunal Internacional de Direitos da Natureza". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
  109. ^ a b Lopes, Maria João (7 July 2007). "Quem tem medo dos estudos feministas?". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  110. ^ a b Coimbra, Universidade de. "Rua Larga". Rua Larga (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  111. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "Maria Irene Ramalho". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  112. ^ Videira, Carolina (9 December 2019). "Maria Irene Ramalho encerra Ciclo de Conferências Internacionais na Guarda". beira.pt. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  113. ^ Mulher de Boaventura Sousa Santos faz parte da comissão de ética do Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese), retrieved 2023-04-25
  114. ^ Sociais, CES-Centro de Estudos. "Boaventura de Sousa Santos". CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  115. ^ "Amazon.com". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  116. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos". www.socioeco.org. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  117. ^ "Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  118. ^ "Boaventura de Sousa Santos (C11E-83C3-B299) | CIÊNCIAVITAE". www.cienciavitae.pt. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
  119. ^ "Folha Online - Ilustrada - Conheça todos os finalistas do Prêmio Jabuti 2001 - 07/03/2001". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boaventura_de_Sousa_Santos&oldid=1219248933"