The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts, a loss of one seat following the 2010 United States census. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. Primary elections were held on March 20, 2012.[1]
Republicans struggled after a strong showing in 2010, losing a total of five seats, one via redistricting, and four via loses by incumbents. Joe Walsh, Bob Dold, Judy Biggert, and Bobby Schilling were all defeated in their bids for re-election. Walsh, Dold, and Schilling had all been elected during the wave year of 2010.
A redistricting bill was introduced to the Illinois General Assembly by members of the Democratic Party in May 2011. Although Representatives are not required to live within their districts, the new map drew the homes of at least five Republicanincumbents into districts where they would have to run against other Republicans, and others into districts which strongly favor Democrats.
After an amendment which modified the 13th and 15th districts was passed with Republican support,[2][3] the new map was passed by the Illinois House of Representatives on May 30, 2011[4] and the Senate on May 31.[5]GovernorPat Quinn, a Democrat, signed the map into law on June 24. Republican members of the congressional delegation planned to mount a legal challenge.[6]
The 1st district, which had been represented by Democrat Bobby Rush since 1993, had seen a decline in population and so now extends into the Chicago suburbs and rural areas of Will County.[8]
Republican Adam Kinzinger, who was first elected to represent the 11th district in 2010 and now lives in the 2nd district, sought re-election in the 16th district.[23]
Jesse Jackson, Jr. resigned his seat in the 112th Congress on November 21, 2012, and also resigned his seat in the 113th Congress on the same day. As a result, no one was seated in the 113th Congress for the 2nd congressional district, and a special election was called for April, 2013, to fill the vacancy.
Insurance executive and health care activist John Atkinson was expected to challenge incumbent Lipinski, and raised over $535,000 in the first quarter of 2011,[24] but no longer lives in Lipinski's district. Atkinson had considered instead running in the 11th district,[8][25] but suspended his campaign on June 14, 2011.[26]
The 4th district, which had been represented by Democrat Luis Gutiérrez since 1993, was extended to incorporate Gutiérrez's new home in Portage Park.[8]
Héctor Concepción, a former director of the Puerto Ricanchamber of commerce, had been removed from the ballot by the Illinois Board of Elections in January 2012,[28][30] but since refiled and challenged Gutiérrez as the Republican nominee in the general election.[31]
The 7th district, which had been represented by Democrat Danny K. Davis since 1997, was redrawn to include parts of LaGrange Park and Westchester. Davis sought re-election.
Republican Joe Walsh, who was first elected to represent the 8th district in 2010, ran for re-election despite no longer living within the redrawn boundaries of the district. Walsh had initially decided to run in the redrawn 14th district.[50]
Walsh defeated write-in candidate Robert Canfield, a business owner who had planned to challenge him in the Republican primary before being removed from the ballot by the Illinois Board of Elections.[51]
Walsh and Duckworth scheduled four debates. The first was held on May 12, 2012 on CLTV, the second on September 14 in West Dundee at Heritage Fest, the third on October 9 on WCPT and WIND at the Meadows Club in Rolling Meadows, open to 8th district residents. The fourth was held on October 18 on WTTW's Chicago Tonight.[62]
Bob Dold, who was first elected to represent the 10th district in 2010, sought re-election.[80] Dold no longer lives in the redrawn district,[8] but would move into the district if he won re-election.[80]
The newly drawn 11th district is the successor to the old 13th district, which had been represented by Republican Judy Biggert since 1999. While the reconfigured district contains half of Biggert's former territory, it was made significantly more Democratic than before. It now includes the Democratic-leaning areas of Joliet and Aurora. Biggert's home in Hinsdale was drawn into the 6th district, but she sought reelection in this district.[8]
In May 2012, Harriman dropped out of the race because of an illness; that left the decision of whom to name as a replacement candidate up to a committee that included the 12 Democratic county chairmen in the district and Rep. Costello.[118] The committee unanimously selected Major General (ret.) and Adjutant General of IllinoisWilliam Enyart as the replacement nominee on June 23.[119][120]
Retha Daugherty, a small-business owner and resident of Carbondale, had announced her intentions to be on the ballot as an independent candidate,[128] but had to drop her bid in April 2012 because of a change in state election law.[129]