Consonants | IPA | امثلة | b | buy, cab | d | die, cad | ð | thy, breathe, father | dʒ | giant, badge | f | phi, caff | ɡ (ˈɡ)[1] | guy, cag | h | high, ahead | j | yes, hallelujah | k | chi, sky, crack | l | lie, sly, gal | m | my, smile, cam | n | nigh, snide, ban | ŋ | gang, sink, ringer | ŋɡ | finger | θ | thigh, math | p | pie, spy, cap | r | rye, try, very[2] | s | sigh, mass | ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | t | tie, sty, cat | tʃ | China, catch | v | vie, have | w | wye, swine | hw | why[3] | z | xi, zoo, has | ʒ | pleasure, vision, beige[4] | Marginal consonants | x | ugh, loch, Chanukah[5] | ʔ | uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/, Hawai‘i /həˈwaɪʔiː/[6] | | Vowels | IPA | Traditional monophthongs | R-colored vowels[7] | æ | bat, bad, shall, ban | ær | barrow, marry | ɑː | balm, father, bra | ɑr | bar, mar, party, starring (/ɑːr./) | ɒ | bot, pod, John, doll[8] | ɒr | moral, forage | ɔː | bawd, caught, dawn, ball, straw[9] | ɔr | born, for, aural (/ɔːr./) | oʊ | code, boat, goal, bone, go[10] | ɔər | boar, four, more, oral (/oʊr./)[11] | ʊ | good, foot, pull, Sunni | ʊər | boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[12] | uː | food, lute, pool, soon, blue | ʌ | bud, but, dull, gun[13] | ʌr | hurry, Murray | ɜr | bird, myrrh, furry (also /ɝː/)[14] | ɛ | bed, pet, bell, men | ɛr | berry, merry | eɪ | fade, fate, fail, vein, pay | ɛər | bear, mare, Mary (/eɪr./) | ɪ | bid, pit, bill, bin | ɪr | mirror | iː | bead, peat, feel, mean, sea | ɪər | beer, mere, serious (/iːr./) | Traditional diphthongs | aɪ | ride, write, file, fine, pie | ɔɪ | void, exploit, foil, coin, boy | aʊ | out, loud, owl, down, how | juː | cute, hue, pew, dew[15] | Reduced vowels | ə | Rosa’s, a mission | ən | button | i | happy, serious[16] | əm | rhythm | ɨ, ɪ | roses, emission [17] | əl | bottle | ʊ | beautiful, curriculum ([jʊ])[18] | ər | perform, mercer (also /ɚ/)[14] | ɵ | following, omission[19] | | Stress | Syllabification | IPA | أَمْثِلَة | IPA | أَمْثِلَة | ˈ | intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[20] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[21] | . | shellfish /ˈʃel.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈself.ɨʃ/ nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/ moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/[22] | ˌ | |