The Süntel Formation , previously known as the Kimmeridge Formation (German : "Mittlerer Kimmeridge" ; Middle Kimmeridge),[1] is a geological formation in Germany. It is Late Jurassic in age, spanning the early to late Kimmeridgian stage. It predominantly consists of limestone deposited in shallow marine carbonate ramp conditions.[2]
Description [ edit ] Map of the Lower Saxon Hills with Süntel center-right The formation is part of the Lower Saxony Basin that borders the Süntel massif of the Lower Saxon Hills , part of the larger Harz Mountains . The formation is described as alternations of glauconitic marl , limestone and sandstone .[3]
Paleontological significance [ edit ] The formation is known for its fossils, with the Langenberg Quarry having provided fossils of numerous vertebrates.
Dinosaurs [ edit ] Dinosaurs of the Süntel Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images Europasaurus E. holgeri Langenberg Quarry Bed 83 Disarticulated remains representing numerous individuals Sauropod dinosaur Allosauroidea [4] Indeterminate DfMMh/FV1/19, small pedal ungual, cf. DfMMh/FV/343, small pedal phalanx cf. Ceratosauria [4] DfMMh/FV/776, anterior chevron cf. Megalosauroidea [4] DfMMh/FV/287, left fibula cf. Tetanurae [4] DfMMh/FV/105, distal caudal vertebra Theropoda [4] DfMMh/FV2/19, a small pedal phalanx III-1, DfMMh/FV3/19, proximal part of a small right fibula Theropoda Hannover: Lindener Berg, Tönniesberg, and Ahlem, Thüste, Marienhagen, Holzen, Kahlberg and Langenberg Quarry 18 distinct morphotypes of teeth, referred to "Tyrannosauroidea , as well as Allosauroidea, Megalosauroidea cf. Marshosaurus , Megalosauridae cf. Torvosaurus and probably Ceratosauria"[5]
Turtles [ edit ] Turtles of the Süntel Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images Plesiochelys [4] Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry cf. Thalassemys Indeterminate DFMMh/FV 296, "skull part (articulated quadrate, squamosal, basisphenoid, and pterygoid), a disarticulated 40 cm long partial carapace, plastron, and one cervical vertebra."[6] Eucryptodira Indeterminate Bed 73 Juvenile carapace with disarticulated skull and right forelimb[7]
Squamates [ edit ] Squamates of the Süntel Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images Paramacellodidae Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry Partial skeleton[8]
Pterosaurs [ edit ] Pterosaurs of the Süntel Formation Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images ?Dsungaripteridae Indeterminate Langenberg Quarry DFMMh/FV 500, an articulated partial skeleton consisting of "10 thoracic vertebrae, complete pelvis and sacrum, left and right femur" with an associated possible partial right tibia.[9]
Crocodyliformes [ edit ] Mammaliaforms [ edit ] Ichnofossils [ edit ] See also [ edit ] References [ edit ] ^ Lallensack et al., 2015, p.4 ^ Zuo F, Heimhofer U, Huck S, Luppold FW, Wings O, Erbacher J (January 2018). "Sedimentology and depositional sequences of a Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp system, Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany" . Facies . 64 (1): 1. doi :10.1007/s10347-017-0513-0 . ISSN 0172-9179 . S2CID 134929243 . ^ Bai et al., 2017 ^ a b c d e f Evers SW, Wings O (2020-02-06). "Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur bones from the Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, Germany) provide evidence for several theropod lineages in the central European archipelago" . PeerJ . 8 : e8437. doi :10.7717/peerj.8437 . PMC 7007975 . PMID 32071804 . ^ Gerke, Oliver; Wings, Oliver (2016-07-06). Lötters, Stefan (ed.). "Multivariate and Cladistic Analyses of Isolated Teeth Reveal Sympatry of Theropod Dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of Northern Germany" . PLOS ONE . 11 (7): e0158334. Bibcode :2016PLoSO..1158334G . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0158334 . ISSN 1932-6203 . PMC 4934775 . PMID 27383054 . ^ Marinheiro J, Mateus O (2011). Occurrence of the marine turtle Thalassemys in the Kimmeridgian of Oker, Germany . 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. p. 151. ^ Jansen M, Klein N (July 2014). Angielczyk K (ed.). "A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany" . Palaeontology . 57 (4): 743–756. doi :10.1111/pala.12085 . S2CID 128991586 . ^ Richter A, Knötschke N, Kosma R, Sobral G, Wings O (October 2013). "The first Mesozoic lizard from northern Germany (Paramacellodidae, Late Jurassic, Langenberg Quarry) and its taphonomy" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Program and Abstracts): 198. ^ Fastnacht M (2005). "The first dsungaripterid pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian of Germany and the biomechanics of pterosaur long bones" . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 50 : 273–288. ^ Schwarz D, Raddatz M, Wings O (2017-02-15). Claessens L (ed.). "Knoetschkesuchus langenbergensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new atoposaurid crocodyliform from the Upper Jurassic Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany), and its relationships to Theriosuchus" . PLOS ONE . 12 (2): e0160617. Bibcode :2017PLoSO..1260617S . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0160617 . PMC 5310792 . PMID 28199316 . ^ a b Karl HV, Gröning E, Brauckmann C, Schwarz D, Knötschke N (2006). "The Late Jurassic crocodiles of the Langenberg near Oker, Lower Saxony (Germany), and description of related materials (with remarks on the history of quarrying the "Langenberg Limestone" and "Obernkirchen Sandstone")" . Clausthaler Geowissenschaften . 5 : 59–77. ^ Karl HV, Gröning E, Brauckmann C, Knötschke N (2008). "First remains of the head of Steneosaurus (crocodylomorpha: teleosauridae) from the Late Jurassic of Oker (Lower Saxony, Germany)" . Studia Geologica Salmanticensia . 44 (2): 187–201. ^ a b c Martin T, Averianov AO, Schultz JA, Schwermann AH, Wings O (2019-08-07). "Late Jurassic multituberculate mammals from Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony, Germany) and palaeobiogeography of European Jurassic multituberculates". Historical Biology . 33 (5): 616–629. doi :10.1080/08912963.2019.1650274 . S2CID 201201555 . ^ Martin TH, Schultz JA, Schwermann AH, Wings OL (2016). "First Jurassic mammals of Germany: Multituberculate teeth from Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony)". Palaeontologia Polonica . 67 : 171–9. doi :10.4202/pp.2016.67_171 (inactive 31 January 2024). {{cite journal }}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link ) ^ a b c Martin T, Averianov AO, Jäger KR, Schwermann AH, Wings O (2019-12-01). "A Large Morganucodontan Mammaliaform from the Late Jurassic of Germany" . Fossil Imprint . 75 (3–4): 504–509. doi :10.2478/if-2019-0030 . ISSN 2533-4069 . S2CID 210921885 . ^ Martin, Thomas; Averianov, Alexander O.; Schultz, Julia A.; Schwermann, Achim H.; Wings, Oliver (2021-05-16). "A derived dryolestid mammal indicates possible insular endemism in the Late Jurassic of Germany" . The Science of Nature . 108 (3): 23. doi :10.1007/s00114-021-01719-z . ISSN 1432-1904 . PMC 8126546 . PMID 33993371 . ^ a b c d Diedrich, 2011 Bibliography [ edit ] Bai, Hua-Qing; Betzler, Christian; Erbacher, Jochen; Reolid, Jesús; Zuo, Fanfan (2017). "Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Jurassic deposits in the North German Basin (Lower Saxony, Süntel Mountains)". Facies . 63 (3). doi :10.1007/s10347-017-0501-4 . S2CID 135060170 . Lallensack, Jens N.; Sander, P. Martin; Knötschke, Nils; Wings, Oliver (2015). "Dinosaur tracks from the Langenberg Quarry (Late Jurassic, Germany) reconstructed with historical photogrammetry: Evidence for large theropods soon after insular dwarfism" (PDF) . Palaeontologia Electronica . 18 . Retrieved 2020-09-07 . Diedrich, C (2011). "Upper Jurassic tidal flat megatracksites of Germany - coastal dinosaur migration highways between European islands, and a review of the dinosaur footprints". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments . 91 (2): 129–155. doi :10.1007/s12549-010-0044-y . S2CID 140604517 .