IC 3402

IC 3402
Sloan Digital Sky Survey of IC 3402
Observation data
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension12h 28m 59.32s
Declination+28d 51m 43.00s
Redshift0.02673
Heliocentric radial velocity7,915 km/s
Distance371 Mly (113.7 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.082
Apparent magnitude (B)0.109
Surface brightness15.6
Characteristics
TypeSbc
Size135,000 ly
Apparent size (V)1.39' x 0.24'
Other designations
PGC 41100, 2MASX J12285930+285430, UGC 7616, SDSS J122859.32+285142.9, LEDA 41100, 2MFGC 9839, RFGC 2296, FGC 1441, CAIRNS J122859.29+285143.2

IC 3402 is a type Sbc[1] spiral galaxy located 370 million light-years away from the Solar System in the Coma Berenices constellation.[2][3] IC 3402 has an estimated diameter of 135,000 light-years[3] and was first discovered by a German astronomer Max Wolf on March 23, 1903.[4] It is a member of the Coma Supercluster[5][6] with recent star formation activity[7] and covering ∼500 deg2 on the sky.[8]

Characteristics[edit]

IC 3402 is classified as a thin,[9] disklike edge-on galaxy with a diameter larger compared to a = 40 arcsec and a major-to-minor axis ratio of a/b greater than 7 according to observations made by Palomar Observatory Sky Survey and by the ESO/SERC survey.[10] Moreover, it is also classified as a low-surface brightness galaxy with a V and R local luminosity density of jR=(1.9+/-0.6)×108 Lsolar and jV=(2.2+/-0.7)×108 Lsolar. Researchers who measured its luminosity, found out there is a strong correlation, which color-surface brightness relation is (V-R)0=(-0.11+/-0.05)μR,0+(2.6+/-0.9).[11]

IC 3402 also a box/peanut galaxy making up 22 percent of galaxies with the same morphology, which researchers found the strength of its structure increases slightly by B/T (bulge-to-total flux ratio).[12] In additional, IC 3402 is an isolated late-type galaxy, less massive by 50% and younger (by Hβ) by 20%.[13]

The galaxy is known to host a Type II active galactic nucleus with a luminosity function of 22 μm, which its mid-infrared emission is dominated by its nucleus and not the host galaxy.[14] IC 3402 also has a Tully-Fisher distance, found lying within 15,000 km s-1. Researchers who used the Arecibo Telescope found it has a Hubble Constant value of H0 = 75.1 ± 0.2(stat.), with the potential systematics reaching up to ±3 km s-1 Mpc-1.[15]

IC 3402 is located within 1 Abell radius from the Coma Cluster. The galaxy contains three times lesser of hydrogen levels, indicating there is strong tendency for galaxies like IC 3402, severely H I-depleted to be redder and of earlier Hubble type.[5] Amongst 20% of the galaxies extracted from the ALFALFA 21 cm survey, IC 3402 shows a significant H I profile asymmetry that is 35.2% ± 0.3% single-peaked. This indicates the galaxy has a lower mass.[16]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "HyperLeda -object description". atlas.obs-hp.fr. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  2. ^ "IC 3402". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  3. ^ a b "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  4. ^ "Index Catalog Objects: IC 3400 - 3449". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  5. ^ a b Gavazzi, Giuseppe (1987-09-01). "21 Centimeter Study of Spiral Galaxies in the Coma Supercluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 320: 96. Bibcode:1987ApJ...320...96G. doi:10.1086/165526. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Gavazzi, G.; Trinchieri, G.; Boselli, A. (1990-11-01). "Near infrared observations of galaxies in the Coma supercluster and in the Cancer cluster. II". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 86: 109. Bibcode:1990A&AS...86..109G. ISSN 0365-0138.
  7. ^ Gavazzi, G.; Trinchieri, G. (1989-07-01). "Near-Infrared Observations of Galaxies in the Coma Supercluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 342: 718. Bibcode:1989ApJ...342..718G. doi:10.1086/167632. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ Mahajan, Smriti; Singh, Ankit; Shobhana, Devika (2018-08-01). "Ultraviolet and optical view of galaxies in the Coma supercluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 478 (4): 4336–4347. arXiv:1805.09029. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.478.4336M. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1370. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Kudrya, Yu. N.; Sharina, M. E.; Parnovskij, S. L. (1999-01-01). "The revised Flat Galaxy Catalogue". Bulletin of the Special Astrophysics Observatory. 47: 5–185. arXiv:astro-ph/0305566. Bibcode:1999BSAO...47....5K.
  10. ^ Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Parnovskij, S. L. (1993-05-01). "Flat galaxies catalogue". Astronomische Nachrichten. 314 (3): 97–222. Bibcode:1993AN....314...97K. doi:10.1002/asna.2113140302. ISSN 0004-6337.
  11. ^ Brown, Warren R.; Geller, Margaret J.; Fabricant, Daniel G.; Kurtz, Michael J. (2001-08-01). "V- and R-band Galaxy Luminosity Functions and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Century Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (2): 714–728. arXiv:astro-ph/0105186. Bibcode:2001AJ....122..714B. doi:10.1086/321176. ISSN 0004-6256.
  12. ^ Yoshino, Akira; Yamauchi, Chisato (2015-02-01). "Box/peanut and bar structures in edge-on and face-on nearby galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - I. Catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (4): 3749–3767. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.446.3749Y. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2249. ISSN 0035-8711.
  13. ^ Khim, Hong-geun; Park, Jongwon; Seo, Seong-Woo; Lee, Jaehyun; Smith, Rory; Yi, Sukyoung K. (2015-09-01). "Demographics of Isolated Galaxies along the Hubble Sequence". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 220 (1): 3. arXiv:1507.04069. Bibcode:2015ApJS..220....3K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/3. ISSN 0067-0049.
  14. ^ Toba, Y.; Oyabu, S.; Matsuhara, H.; Malkan, M. A.; Gandhi, P.; Nakagawa, T.; Isobe, N.; Shirahata, M.; Oi, N.; Ohyama, Y.; Takita, S.; Yamauchi, C.; Yano, K. (2014-06-01). "Luminosity and Redshift Dependence of the Covering Factor of Active Galactic Nuclei viewed with WISE and Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 45. arXiv:1404.4937. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...45T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/45. ISSN 0004-637X.
  15. ^ Kourkchi, Ehsan; Tully, R. Brent; Eftekharzadeh, Sarah; Llop, Jordan; Courtois, Hélène M.; Guinet, Daniel; Dupuy, Alexandra; Neill, James D.; Seibert, Mark; Andrews, Michael; Chuang, Juana; Danesh, Arash; Gonzalez, Randy; Holthaus, Alexandria; Mokelke, Amber (2020-10-01). "Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully-Fisher Distances". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (2): 145. arXiv:2009.00733. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902..145K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb66b. ISSN 0004-637X.
  16. ^ Yu, Niankun; Ho, Luis C.; Wang, Jing; Li, Hangyuan (2022-08-01). "Statistical Analysis of H I Profile Asymmetry and Shape for Nearby Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 261 (2): 21. arXiv:2203.13404. Bibcode:2022ApJS..261...21Y. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac626b. ISSN 0067-0049.
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